New Frontiers in Particle Physics and Cosmology
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Southampton
Department Name: Sch of Physics and Astronomy
Abstract
Particle physics is the study of the fundamental building blocks of nature, how they interact and how they lead to what we observe from the smallest scales to the largest. The Standard Model (SM), which is built on quantum field theory (QFT), is an impressively accurate description of all data to date, from colliders to astronomical observations. Nevertheless, there are many aspects we do not understand from the pattern of particle masses to our lack of a quantum theory of gravity.
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has been accumulating huge amounts of data, and famously has discovered a Higgs-like particle. Over the next decade the LHC will have a major impact, possibly discovering new physics beyond the SM. So far the only evidence for such new physics is neutrino mass & mixing, which may yet shed light on the pattern of particle masses, strength of the four forces, abundance of matter over anti-matter in the universe, dark matter and dark energy. Upcoming experiments will shed further light on these questions. We have close links to the LHC through the NExT institute and will help experimenters discover new physics, by devising strategies for searches and interpreting the data, for example through our easy-to-use interface (HEPMDB) to supercomputers. A common thread is the violation of the combination of charge conjugation symmetry (C) and parity (P), which may be observed soon in new sectors leading to major breakthroughs. In order to be sure that we have found new physics we need exclude subtle effects of the SM, or help deduce it indirectly by observing small deviations from SM. The strong nuclear force (QCD) can make this difficult, but we have outstanding expertise in computing these effects using state-of-the-art supercomputers, such as the IBM BlueGene/Q.
It is important to continue to develop QFT, e.g. new tightly constrained theories have been found that become massless, at long or short distances. We use these to make better predictions of particle scattering and to better understand theories when mass is re-introduced or to work towards quantum gravity. The notion of "holography" has linked apparently very different systems such as QCD and Black Holes. We are developing it to learn more about a quantum gravity, and use gravity to study QCD including in extreme environments such as the cores of neutron stars.
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has been accumulating huge amounts of data, and famously has discovered a Higgs-like particle. Over the next decade the LHC will have a major impact, possibly discovering new physics beyond the SM. So far the only evidence for such new physics is neutrino mass & mixing, which may yet shed light on the pattern of particle masses, strength of the four forces, abundance of matter over anti-matter in the universe, dark matter and dark energy. Upcoming experiments will shed further light on these questions. We have close links to the LHC through the NExT institute and will help experimenters discover new physics, by devising strategies for searches and interpreting the data, for example through our easy-to-use interface (HEPMDB) to supercomputers. A common thread is the violation of the combination of charge conjugation symmetry (C) and parity (P), which may be observed soon in new sectors leading to major breakthroughs. In order to be sure that we have found new physics we need exclude subtle effects of the SM, or help deduce it indirectly by observing small deviations from SM. The strong nuclear force (QCD) can make this difficult, but we have outstanding expertise in computing these effects using state-of-the-art supercomputers, such as the IBM BlueGene/Q.
It is important to continue to develop QFT, e.g. new tightly constrained theories have been found that become massless, at long or short distances. We use these to make better predictions of particle scattering and to better understand theories when mass is re-introduced or to work towards quantum gravity. The notion of "holography" has linked apparently very different systems such as QCD and Black Holes. We are developing it to learn more about a quantum gravity, and use gravity to study QCD including in extreme environments such as the cores of neutron stars.
Planned Impact
Who are likely to be interested in or will benefit from this research (directly or indirectly)?
1) IBM and other High Performance Computing manufacturers
2) Leading IT companies (e.g. IBM, Microsoft)
3) The commercial sector
4) Other areas of science (e.g. Biology, Medicine, Chemistry)
5) Schools
6) The wider public
7) Policy makers
How will they benefit from this research?
1) Our work in lattice QCD has a significant scientific pull on the development of massively parallel supercomputers; most recently the IBM BlueGene/Q series was co-designed by colleagues in the RBC--UKQCD Collaboration in which we work. This is bound to drive development of High Performance Computing more generally.
2) Our development of the HEPMDB web-interface to High Performance Clusters and potentially cloud computing allows people to take advantage of cluster computing without learning advanced computing methods for data processing. This is likely to be of interest to leading IT companies.
3) The developments in (1) and (2) could be of interest to the commercial sector that use High Performance Computing (e.g. weather forecasting, drug development, advanced engineering design, film and games industry, high finance etc). Half our PhD students leave to pursue careers outside academia, where the high-level analytical, computational and mathematical skills they have developed prove to be valuable. Since many settle in the UK this is a direct benefit to the economic competitiveness of the UK.
4) The developments in (1) and (2) will be of potential benefit to other areas of science that themselves have an impact (e.g. Medicine to Health). The DiGS software that was developed for UKQCD's QCDgrid distributed data storage, for example, has already been used by a cell biology research group for storing and accessing high-definition images.
5) The UK is currently not producing enough maths, physics and engineering graduates to meet demands from all sectors. Our public engagement programme includes particle physics masterclasses and interactive shows within schools, and aims to encourage more pupils to study physics in sixth form and at university. We are particularly targeting women and BME students, who are currently under-represented in physics.
6) Our research communicated through a very strong and active outreach programme has a strong benefit to culture of the nation. It would be fair to say that everybody has heard of the LHC, and the famous discovery of a Higgs-like particle, and many ask with enthusiasm for news updates. There is a strong sense of ownership and pride in the wider public over this endeavour.
7) Our group provides timely, independent and authoritative advice to UK and international decision makers including, for example, the Belgian government (through the Belgian research council FWO).
Importance and timescales?
It is widely recognised that it is of crucial importance that the UK position itself strongly in the high-added-value technologically advanced areas of the economy. The contributions described in (1) to (4) all work towards this. As stated the work has already had an impact on design of massively parallel supercomputers. The impact of our work on web-interfaces may take 5 to 10 years to realise. The highly trained PhD students that enter the market have an immediate impact and often over relatively short periods of time (10 years) climb to influential positions within their chosen sector. The UK sense of ownership and well-being flowing from the LHC research is happening now.
1) IBM and other High Performance Computing manufacturers
2) Leading IT companies (e.g. IBM, Microsoft)
3) The commercial sector
4) Other areas of science (e.g. Biology, Medicine, Chemistry)
5) Schools
6) The wider public
7) Policy makers
How will they benefit from this research?
1) Our work in lattice QCD has a significant scientific pull on the development of massively parallel supercomputers; most recently the IBM BlueGene/Q series was co-designed by colleagues in the RBC--UKQCD Collaboration in which we work. This is bound to drive development of High Performance Computing more generally.
2) Our development of the HEPMDB web-interface to High Performance Clusters and potentially cloud computing allows people to take advantage of cluster computing without learning advanced computing methods for data processing. This is likely to be of interest to leading IT companies.
3) The developments in (1) and (2) could be of interest to the commercial sector that use High Performance Computing (e.g. weather forecasting, drug development, advanced engineering design, film and games industry, high finance etc). Half our PhD students leave to pursue careers outside academia, where the high-level analytical, computational and mathematical skills they have developed prove to be valuable. Since many settle in the UK this is a direct benefit to the economic competitiveness of the UK.
4) The developments in (1) and (2) will be of potential benefit to other areas of science that themselves have an impact (e.g. Medicine to Health). The DiGS software that was developed for UKQCD's QCDgrid distributed data storage, for example, has already been used by a cell biology research group for storing and accessing high-definition images.
5) The UK is currently not producing enough maths, physics and engineering graduates to meet demands from all sectors. Our public engagement programme includes particle physics masterclasses and interactive shows within schools, and aims to encourage more pupils to study physics in sixth form and at university. We are particularly targeting women and BME students, who are currently under-represented in physics.
6) Our research communicated through a very strong and active outreach programme has a strong benefit to culture of the nation. It would be fair to say that everybody has heard of the LHC, and the famous discovery of a Higgs-like particle, and many ask with enthusiasm for news updates. There is a strong sense of ownership and pride in the wider public over this endeavour.
7) Our group provides timely, independent and authoritative advice to UK and international decision makers including, for example, the Belgian government (through the Belgian research council FWO).
Importance and timescales?
It is widely recognised that it is of crucial importance that the UK position itself strongly in the high-added-value technologically advanced areas of the economy. The contributions described in (1) to (4) all work towards this. As stated the work has already had an impact on design of massively parallel supercomputers. The impact of our work on web-interfaces may take 5 to 10 years to realise. The highly trained PhD students that enter the market have an immediate impact and often over relatively short periods of time (10 years) climb to influential positions within their chosen sector. The UK sense of ownership and well-being flowing from the LHC research is happening now.
Organisations
Publications
Abbott R
(2020)
Direct C P violation and the ? I = 1 / 2 rule in K ? p p decay from the standard model
in Physical Review D
Abdallah W
(2019)
Dark matter spin characterization in mono- Z channels
in Physical Review D
Abdallah W
(2019)
Searching for charged Higgs bosons in the B - L supersymmetric standard model at the high luminosity large hadron collider
in Physics Letters B
Abercrombie D
(2020)
Dark Matter benchmark models for early LHC Run-2 Searches: Report of the ATLAS/CMS Dark Matter Forum
in Physics of the Dark Universe
Accomando E
(2019)
Erratum to: Neutral current forward-backward asymmetry: from $$\theta _W$$ to PDF determinations
in The European Physical Journal C
Accomando E
(2017)
Photon-initiated production of a dilepton final state at the LHC: Cross section versus forward-backward asymmetry studies
in Physical Review D
Accomando E
(2018)
Neutral current forward-backward asymmetry: from $$\theta _W$$ ? W to PDF determinations
in The European Physical Journal C
Accomando E
(2018)
Constraining parton distribution functions from neutral current Drell-Yan measurements
in Physical Review D
Accomando E
(2017)
The effect of real and virtual photons in the di-lepton channel at the LHC
in Physics Letters B
Accomando E
(2020)
Production of Z'-boson resonances with large width at the LHC
in Physics Letters B
Accomando E
(2017)
Constraining Z ' widths from p T measurements in Drell-Yan processes
in Physical Review D
Afshordi N
(2017)
From Planck Data to Planck Era: Observational Tests of Holographic Cosmology.
in Physical review letters
Aitken K
(2018)
Deconstructing S-Duality
in SciPost Physics
Akeroyd A
(2017)
Constraint on the branching ratio of B c - ? t ? ¯ from LEP1 data and consequences for R ( D ( * ) ) anomaly
in Physical Review D
Akeroyd A
(2020)
Light charged Higgs boson with dominant decay to a charm quark and a bottom quark and its search at LEP2 and future e + e - colliders
in Physical Review D
Akeroyd A
(2021)
C P asymmetries of B ¯ ? X s / X d ? in models with three Higgs doublets
in Physical Review D
Andrei N
(2020)
Boundary and defect CFT: open problems and applications
in Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical
Antusch S
(2018)
Non-universal Z' from SO(10) GUTs with vector-like family and the origin of neutrino masses
in Nuclear Physics B
Aoki S
(2020)
FLAG Review 2019 Flavour Lattice Averaging Group (FLAG)
in The European Physical Journal C
Aoki Y
(2022)
FLAG Review 2021
in The European Physical Journal C
Aoyama T
(2020)
The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon in the Standard Model
in Physics Reports
Aprile F
(2018)
Double-trace spectrum of N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory at strong coupling
in Physical Review D
Aprile F
(2020)
Single particle operators and their correlators in free $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Aprile F
(2020)
One-loop amplitudes in AdS5×S5 supergravity from $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM at strong coupling
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Aranda A
(2020)
Gauge-flavon unification
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Aranda A
(2020)
Exceptional unification of families and forces
in Nuclear Physics B
Aranda A
(2021)
Z 3 symmetric inert ( 2 + 1 )-Higgs-doublet model
in Physical Review D
Arhrib A
(2020)
Implications of a light charged Higgs boson at the LHC run III in the 2HDM
in Physical Review D
Arhrib A
(2018)
Signal to background interference in p p ? t H - ? t W - b b ¯ at the LHC Run II
in Physical Review D
Arhrib A
(2018)
Top quark polarization as a probe of charged Higgs bosons
in Physical Review D
Bai Z
(2018)
K + ? p + ? ? ¯ decay amplitude from lattice QCD
in Physical Review D
Bai Z
(2017)
Exploratory Lattice QCD Study of the Rare Kaon Decay K^{+}?p^{+}??[over ¯].
in Physical review letters
Bari P
(2020)
Density matrix calculation of the dark matter abundance in the Higgs induced right-handed neutrino mixing model
in Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
Bea Y
(2021)
Crossing a large-N phase transition at finite volume
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Bea Y
(2021)
Crossing a large-N phase transition at finite volume
Belyaev A
(2018)
Problems with Higgsplosion
in Physical Review D
Belyaev A
(2019)
Walking technicolor in light of Z ' searches at the LHC
in Physical Review D
Belyaev A
(2018)
Muon g - 2 and dark matter suggest nonuniversal gaugino masses: S U ( 5 ) × A 4 case study at the LHC
in Physical Review D
Belyaev A
(2019)
Interplay of the LHC and non-LHC dark matter searches in the effective field theory approach
in Physical Review D
Belyaev A
(2020)
Any room left for technicolor? Holographic studies of NJL assisted technicolor
in Physical Review D
Belyaev A
(2019)
Minimal spin-one isotriplet dark matter
in Physical Review D
Belyaev A
(2017)
Torsion as a dark matter candidate from the Higgs portal
in Physical Review D
Belyaev A
(2018)
Anatomy of the inert two-Higgs-doublet model in the light of the LHC and non-LHC dark matter searches
in Physical Review D
Belyaev A
(2019)
Any room left for technicolor? Dilepton searches at the LHC and beyond
in Physical Review D
Belyaev A
(2019)
Decoding the Nature of Dark Matter at Current and Future Experiments
in Frontiers in Physics
Description | Particle physics is the study of the fundamental building blocks of nature, how they interact and how they lead to what we observe from the smallest scales to the largest. The Standard Model (SM), which is built on quantum field theory (QFT), is an impressively accurate description of all data to date, from colliders to astronomical observations. Nevertheless, there are many aspects we do not understand from the pattern of particle masses to our lack of a quantum theory of gravity. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has been accumulating huge amounts of data, and famously has discovered a Higgs-like particle. Over the next decade the LHC will have a major impact, possibly discovering new physics beyond the SM. So far the only evidence for such new physics is neutrino mass & mixing, which may yet shed light on the pattern of particle masses, strength of the four forces, abundance of matter over anti-matter in the universe, dark matter and dark energy. Upcoming experiments will shed further light on these questions. We have close links to the LHC through the NExT institute and will help experimenters discover new physics, by devising strategies for searches and interpreting the data, for example through our easy-to-use interface (HEPMDB) to supercomputers. A common thread is the violation of the combination of charge conjugation symmetry (C) and parity (P), which may be observed soon in new sectors leading to major breakthroughs. In order to be sure that we have found new physics we need exclude subtle effects of the SM, or help deduce it indirectly by observing small deviations from SM. The strong nuclear force (QCD) can make this difficult, but we have outstanding expertise in computing these effects using state-of-the-art supercomputers, such as the IBM BlueGene/Q. It is important to continue to develop QFT, e.g. new tightly constrained theories have been found that become massless, at long or short distances. We use these to make better predictions of particle scattering and to better understand theories when mass is re-introduced or to work towards quantum gravity. The notion of "holography" has linked apparently very different systems such as QCD and Black Holes. We are developing it to learn more about a quantum gravity, and use gravity to study QCD including in extreme environments such as the cores of neutron stars. |
Exploitation Route | This is unclear |
Sectors | Other |
Description | Particle physics is the study of the fundamental building blocks of nature, how they interact and how they lead to what we observe from the smallest scales to the largest. The Standard Model (SM), which is built on quantum field theory (QFT), is an impressively accurate description of all data to date, from colliders to astronomical observations. Nevertheless, there are many aspects we do not understand from the pattern of particle masses to our lack of a quantum theory of gravity. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has been accumulating huge amounts of data, and famously has discovered a Higgs-like particle. Over the next decade the LHC will have a major impact, possibly discovering new physics beyond the SM. So far the only evidence for such new physics is neutrino mass & mixing, which may yet shed light on the pattern of particle masses, strength of the four forces, abundance of matter over anti-matter in the universe, dark matter and dark energy. Upcoming experiments will shed further light on these questions. We have close links to the LHC through the NExT institute and will help experimenters discover new physics, by devising strategies for searches and interpreting the data, for example through our easy-to-use interface (HEPMDB) to supercomputers. A common thread is the violation of the combination of charge conjugation symmetry (C) and parity (P), which may be observed soon in new sectors leading to major breakthroughs. In order to be sure that we have found new physics we need exclude subtle effects of the SM, or help deduce it indirectly by observing small deviations from SM. The strong nuclear force (QCD) can make this difficult, but we have outstanding expertise in computing these effects using state-of-the-art supercomputers, such as the IBM BlueGene/Q. It is important to continue to develop QFT, e.g. new tightly constrained theories have been found that become massless, at long or short distances. We use these to make better predictions of particle scattering and to better understand theories when mass is re-introduced or to work towards quantum gravity. The notion of "holography" has linked apparently very different systems such as QCD and Black Holes. We are developing it to learn more about a quantum gravity, and use gravity to study QCD including in extreme environments such as the cores of neutron stars. |
Sector | Other |