African rainfall variability: Palaeo insights into the climate history of our hominid ancestors and the monsoon response to a warmer future

Lead Research Organisation: University of Southampton
Department Name: Sch of Ocean and Earth Science

Abstract

Monsoon precipitation controls the lives of over one billion of the world's poorest people. The situation is acute in the Sahel where annual rainfall is exceptionally variable. In the late 20th century the region suffered catastrophic drought in which precipitation declined by ~40%, with devastating effects as highlighted by Live Aid. Changes in rainfall over geological timescales were even more extreme. At times the Sahara Desert region was a vegetated landscape cross-cut by vast lakes and rivers inhabited by hippopotamuses. At others the desert extended well beyond present limits. What role did these dramatic past changes in rainfall play in the diversification and migration patterns of our hominid ancestors? What lessons can we learn from the palaeo-record to help predict the response of rainfall in the region to warming over coming centuries? Model predictions of future climate diverge.
To address these questions we need well-dated records of change in both (i) continental hydroclimate and (ii) the moistures sources for the African monsoons: the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. You will exploit Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) marine drill-cores to test competing hypotheses of the land-ocean-atmospheric teleconnections involved by focusing on strategic past intervals of known warmth and/or hominid turnover/migration.

Publications

10 25 50

Studentship Projects

Project Reference Relationship Related To Start End Student Name
NE/W503150/1 01/04/2021 31/03/2022
1942238 Studentship NE/W503150/1 01/10/2017 31/03/2022 Amy Jewell
 
Description Geochemistry Group Student Travel Grant
Amount £300 (GBP)
Organisation British Geological Survey 
Sector Academic/University
Country United Kingdom
Start 09/2019 
End 09/2019
 
Description Research Collaboration with UCL, U. of Birbeck and King's College London 
Organisation Birkbeck, University of London
Department Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution I analysed samples for radiogenic isotope analysis, and have drafted a paper outlining the results. Due to be submitted March 2020.
Collaborator Contribution Our Collaborators provided sediment samples collected in the field in Central and Eastern Africa.
Impact This collaboration has generated a lot fo promising data, and we intend to submit a manuscript over the next month.
Start Year 2019
 
Description Research Collaboration with UCL, U. of Birbeck and King's College London 
Organisation King's College London
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution I analysed samples for radiogenic isotope analysis, and have drafted a paper outlining the results. Due to be submitted March 2020.
Collaborator Contribution Our Collaborators provided sediment samples collected in the field in Central and Eastern Africa.
Impact This collaboration has generated a lot fo promising data, and we intend to submit a manuscript over the next month.
Start Year 2019
 
Description Research Collaboration with UCL, U. of Birbeck and King's College London 
Organisation University College London
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution I analysed samples for radiogenic isotope analysis, and have drafted a paper outlining the results. Due to be submitted March 2020.
Collaborator Contribution Our Collaborators provided sediment samples collected in the field in Central and Eastern Africa.
Impact This collaboration has generated a lot fo promising data, and we intend to submit a manuscript over the next month.
Start Year 2019
 
Description Research partnership with MIT university 
Organisation Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Country United States 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution We developed the research question and project plan, and secured some minor funding. We also did part of the laboratory work.
Collaborator Contribution Our collaborators helped develop the research plan, provided methodological expertise and took the lead with the laboratory work.
Impact High quality data (230Th normalised dust flux record) that has already been used in a funding proposal, and will later be written up into a publishable article.
Start Year 2021
 
Description SPITFIRE DTP Research placement at Brown University 
Organisation Brown University
Country United States 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution I visited Brown University and processed ~200 samples for alkenone palaeothermometry analysis. Also prepared 20 samples for isotope analysis on alkanes. I contributed manual laboratory work, and also intellectual project design.
Collaborator Contribution My hosts provided laboratory equipment and facilities, as well as funding to cover all lab analyses. This work is ongoing.
Impact The main output of this research placement was the generation of a high quality dataset. The PhD student also created a lot of new potential collaborations while working overseas.
Start Year 2019