Beyond Li-ion: Solid-State Batteries

Future propulsion technologies require batteries that exceed the limits of Li-ion. Solid-state batteries (SSBs) with a Li metal anode promise greater energy and power density, as well as improved safety, but are currently plagued by dendrite formation which leads to poor rate performance and cycle life. Additionally, unlike Li-ion batteries, external applied pressure is known to be vital for stable operation. We propose in-depth interrogation of SSBs using state-of-the-art electrochemical, structural and chemical probes under operando conditions to give unparalleled mechanistic insights into the dynamics of these systems. These include: electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, X-ray and neutron imaging/scattering as well as X-ray fluorescence and absorption spectroscopies. Coupled with a suite of ex situ characterisation methods, we seek to build a complete picture of the chemical transformations and degradation processes in SSBs. These insights will aid in the development of protocols and rapid diagnostics for electrochemical storage beyond Li-ion.