Photon detection systems for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers - Darkside-20k and ARIADNE

Dark matter and neutrino detections share standard technologies and methodologies, specifically, Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambres (LArTPCs) and photodetection systems. This project involves the development of 2 types of photodetection systems for LArTPCs; the Silicon Photomutiples (SiPMs) for Darkside-20's veto and the Timepix-based cameras in the ARIADNE experiment. The unique facility at Liverpool is dedicated to the development of progressive new technologies for Liquid Argon based dark matter and neutrino experiments. To detect dark matter particles and neutrinos large and sensitive particle detectors are needed. LArTPCs are some of the best detectors for the detection of neutrino interactions and dark matter particles. They combine highly accurate calorimetry and tracking and are capable of reaching very large active volumes.

For DarkSide-20k, the research involves the development of the SiPMs in the outer detector called the "neutron veto"; it will contain single-phase liquid Argon, which will also be equipped with gadolinium panels to capture neutrons. While characterising the SiPM photodetection units (PDUs), it is crucial to maximising their light yield as they will be utilised for vetoing and particle identifications. A 900-litre cryostat will be built at the University of Liverpool to study the cryogenic characterisation of the PDUs.

The ARIADNE experiment consists of a 1-ton dual-phase LArTPC situated at the University of Liverpool. It uses the Timepix's novel technology to acquire images of particle tracks created from the light in the gas phase. ARIADNE has photographic capabilities that can enhance the future physics potentials of neutrino experiments such as the DUNE experiment.