Understanding the roles of behavioural ecology, genes, plant hosts and fuel for flight to predict the migratory range of aphids. (4631)

The biology of insect flight attracts widespread public interest. For a few enigmatic species like the monarch butterfly and desert locust, the migration routes of these insects are reasonably well understood. For other species, science has yet to provide sufficient evidence on their likely migration routes, despite their ecosystem service functions. The challenge arises because these insects are much smaller than butterflies and locusts, which means that they cannot be tracked by human eye or even with computer vision systems, but instead disappear quickly out of view into the atmosphere soon after take- off. This PhD will rise to this challenge by deploying indirect scientific methods in trajectory modelling, carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses, molecular biology and behavioural ecology experiments, to understand where highly damaging pest aphids flew from. The project is supported by the world-class Rothamsted Insect Survey's data, samples and entomological expertise alongside Exeter's recent advances in applied entomology using molecular tools, such as transcriptomics, to identify the genes involved during flight. The student will also use atmospheric models to predict the likely track of insects, working alongside staff from the Met Office, as well as the application of isotope ratio mass spectrometry to detect carbon and nitrogen isotopes on the surface of the insects and host material, both experienced by the student as rotations in year 1. Ultimately, the main outcome of the PhD will be to better understand the likely source of migrants by reviewing the wide-ranging evidence from atmospheric models, isotopes, genes and behaviour.