Biomedical Catalyst – Drug product production, clinical support studies, and phase 1 trial of a new MS drug
Lead Research Organisation:
University College London
Department Name: UNLISTED
Abstract
We have invented a new, first in class, drug for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). This drug has the potential to become the standard of care for the treatment of muscle spasticity in MS with fewer and less severe side effects for patients than current drugs. In particular earlier treatment should be achievable, countering the onset of disability and allowing a normal life to be sustained for longer. This drug has now passed pre-clinical safety studies including two species 28 day toxicology.
We are now actively seeking additional funds to enable the clinical support studies, GMP manufacture, formulation, encapsulation, and phase 1 studies on this drug. The first phase 1 study will be a SAD/MAD safety study in volunteers. Part funding has already been secured from the Wellcome Trust, and UCL business. The first volunteer is expected to be dosed in Q3 2013.
We are now actively seeking additional funds to enable the clinical support studies, GMP manufacture, formulation, encapsulation, and phase 1 studies on this drug. The first phase 1 study will be a SAD/MAD safety study in volunteers. Part funding has already been secured from the Wellcome Trust, and UCL business. The first volunteer is expected to be dosed in Q3 2013.
Technical Summary
We have invented a new, first in class, drug for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). This drug has the potential to become the standard of care for the treatment of muscle spasticity in MS with fewer and less severe side effects for patients than current drugs. In particular earlier treatment should be achievable, countering the onset of disability and allowing a normal life to be sustained for longer. This drug has now passed pre-clinical safety studies including two species 28 day toxicology.
We are now actively seeking additional funds to enable the clinical support studies, GMP manufacture, formulation, encapsulation, and phase 1 studies on this drug. The first phase 1 study will be a SAD/MAD safety study in volunteers. Part funding has already been secured from the Wellcome Trust, and UCL business. The first volunteer is expected to be dosed in Q3 2013.
We are now actively seeking additional funds to enable the clinical support studies, GMP manufacture, formulation, encapsulation, and phase 1 studies on this drug. The first phase 1 study will be a SAD/MAD safety study in volunteers. Part funding has already been secured from the Wellcome Trust, and UCL business. The first volunteer is expected to be dosed in Q3 2013.
Organisations
- University College London (Lead Research Organisation)
- National Center for Scientific Research (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS) (Collaboration)
- University College London (Collaboration)
- UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN (Collaboration)
- Fraxa Research Foundation (Collaboration)
- UNIVERSITY OF READING (Collaboration)
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU) (Collaboration)
- Medical University of Graz (Collaboration)
- ST GEORGE'S UNIVERSITY OF LONDON (Collaboration)
- UNIVERSITY OF KENT (Collaboration)
- IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON (Collaboration)
People |
ORCID iD |
Publications
Baker D
(2017)
Big conductance calcium-activated potassium channel openers control spasticity without sedation.
in British journal of pharmacology
Bertrand JA
(2020)
The ß4-Subunit of the Large-Conductance Potassium Ion Channel KCa1.1 Regulates Outflow Facility in Mice.
in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
Browne L
(2014)
Imidazol-1-ylethylindazole voltage-gated sodium channel ligands are neuroprotective during optic neuritis in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.
in Journal of medicinal chemistry
Farrell R.
(2018)
Results from a phase II proof of concept trial of VSN16R to treat multiple sclerosis related spasticity
in MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
Giovannoni G
(2017)
Is multiple sclerosis a length-dependent central axonopathy? The case for therapeutic lag and the asynchronous progressive MS hypotheses.
in Multiple sclerosis and related disorders
Gregson A
(2019)
Emerging small-molecule treatments for multiple sclerosis: focus on B cells.
in F1000Research
Guo L
(2022)
VSN16S, an agonist of the cannabinoid receptor, reduces IOP profiles and exhibits neuroprotective properties in a rat model of glaucoma
in Acta Ophthalmologica
Hurley MJ
(2022)
Reversal of behavioural phenotype by the cannabinoid-like compound VSN16R in fragile X syndrome mice.
in Brain : a journal of neurology
Pryce G
(2014)
Control of spasticity in a multiple sclerosis model using central nervous system-excluded CB1 cannabinoid receptor agonists.
in FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
Rupnik M
(2021)
Oligodendrocytes, BK channels and remyelination
in F1000Research
Description | CHARACTERISATION OF THE MECHANISM OF A POTENTIAL NEW GLAUCOMA DRUG |
Amount | £168,765 (GBP) |
Funding ID | 1858/1859 |
Organisation | Fight for Sight |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 08/2016 |
End | 09/2019 |
Description | Detect and treat hearing loss and tinnitus |
Amount | £96,096 (GBP) |
Funding ID | CDE100571 |
Organisation | Defence Science & Technology Laboratory (DSTL) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 06/2016 |
End | 12/2017 |
Description | Industry CASE studentship competition |
Amount | £120,165 (GBP) |
Organisation | Medical Research Council (MRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 09/2016 |
End | 09/2020 |
Description | The Development Of Selective Ion Channel Activators For Neuroprotection |
Amount | $551,726 (USD) |
Funding ID | FF-1602-07939 |
Organisation | National Multiple Sclerosis Society |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United States |
Start | 08/2016 |
End | 10/2018 |
Description | Themed competition |
Amount | £260,749 (GBP) |
Funding ID | DSTLX1000113243 |
Organisation | Defence Science & Technology Laboratory (DSTL) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 11/2017 |
End | 02/2019 |
Title | Candidate drug for spasticity in Multiple Sclerosis |
Description | We have identified novel and extremely potent activators of a specific potassium channel that could prove useful as pharmacological tools and possibly as drugs. These agents have been protected by a new patent application (see IP section). |
Type Of Material | Technology assay or reagent |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | This funding has enabled a Phase I trial in healthy volunteers to be completed successfully. A phase II trial in people with MS is now underway. |
URL | http://www.canbex.co.uk/ |
Title | Novel peptide inhibitors of specific ion channels |
Description | We have adapted the scorpion toxin derived peptide Martentoxin to allow it to be detectable in tissues and cells. Preliminary work with this peptide show that it can stain a particular combination of the ion channel in cell lines and ocular tissue. |
Type Of Material | Technology assay or reagent |
Year Produced | 2016 |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | Not published yet. |
Title | RNAseq data for mouse model of multiple sclerosis |
Description | We have generated a new dataset of RNAseq data for the mouse model of spasticity (EAE) in multiple sclerosis. This dataset shows the changes in gene expression in going from normal to EAE mice and provides insight into the changes that can also go on in the human disease. This raw sequencing data was uploaded to the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) with accession number GSE78996. |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2016 |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | The RNAseq data is rationalised and discussed in the publication. |
URL | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE78996 |
Description | Assays of test materials in sympathetic neurotransmission models. |
Organisation | University of Aberdeen |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Supply of test materials and expertise. |
Collaborator Contribution | Assays of test materials in sympathetic neurotransmission models. |
Impact | Identification of small molecules with potent activity in this assay. |
Start Year | 2014 |
Description | Effects of test drugs on TASK currents from transiently expressed channels. |
Organisation | University of Kent |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Supply of research materials and expertise. |
Collaborator Contribution | Study of the effects of drugs on TASK currents from transiently expressed channels. |
Impact | Too early. |
Start Year | 2014 |
Description | Electrophysiological characterisation of novel neuroprotective ion channel activators. |
Organisation | National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU) |
Department | Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology |
Country | Ukraine |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Design, synthesise and provide new small molecule drug candidates for evaluation as BK channel openers/activators. Also certain highly specific scorpion peptides as inhibitors of the channels. Dr Alexander Bondarenko has recently relocated from the university of Graz in Austria back to the Ukraine, I am providing some limited funds to enable this work to take place as Ukrainian universities have no money. |
Collaborator Contribution | Dr Alexander Bondarenko has recently relocated from the university of Graz in Austria back to the Ukraine. Dr Bondarenko was the first to identify the mechanism of action of our potential drug and is important to our research going forward. In future Dr Bondarenko will characterise the action of our drug on channels as natively expressed in human cell lines. This will enable a thorough characterisation of new drug candidates. |
Impact | Successful application for a National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS) grant in 2016. Successful Fight for Sight grant on glaucoma treatments. |
Start Year | 2018 |
Description | Excitatory or inhibitory transmission at single synapses |
Organisation | University of Reading |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Supply of research materials and expertise. |
Collaborator Contribution | Expert electrophysiology studies on excitatory and inhibitory transmission at single synapses. |
Impact | Too early. |
Start Year | 2014 |
Description | Investigation of T-type calcium channel bioactivity. |
Organisation | National Center for Scientific Research (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS) |
Country | France |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Supply of research materials and expertise. |
Collaborator Contribution | Investigation of T-type calcium channel bioactivity of test compounds. |
Impact | Too early. |
Start Year | 2014 |
Description | Investigation of VSN16R in Fragile X syndrome models, collaboration with FRAXA |
Organisation | FRAXA Research Foundation |
Country | United States |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
PI Contribution | We initiated a collaboration with FRAXA (https://www.fraxa.org/ ) a foundation committed to finding treatments for Fragile X syndrome. Fragile X is the major genetic condition leading to profound learning disabilities in adults. It affects approximately 1 in 4000 males and 1 in 6000 females. We arranged testing of our candidate MS drug VSN16R in genetic models of the disease in their contracting laboratory in Santiago, Chile. The molecule showed highly promising activity giving responses in 4/5 behavioral readouts. |
Collaborator Contribution | FRAXA is a foundation and is solely committed to finding a cure for fragile X. FRAXA organise resources and funding including testing of candidate drugs in experimental (genetic) models of disease. |
Impact | 1 Testing of one molecule in the genetic (FMRP knockout) model of fragile X. |
Start Year | 2015 |
Description | Investigation of test drugs in glaucoma. |
Organisation | Imperial College London |
Department | Imperial College Trust |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
PI Contribution | Supply of test materials and expertise. |
Collaborator Contribution | Investigation of test drugs in models of glaucoma. |
Impact | Multi-disciplinary. Chemistry. Opthalmology in vivo glaucoma models. Pharmacology ex-vivo outflow models. Immunology, in vivo optic neuritis models. |
Start Year | 2014 |
Description | Investigation of test drugs in glaucoma. |
Organisation | University College London |
Department | Institute of Ophthalmology UCL |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Supply of test materials and expertise. |
Collaborator Contribution | Investigation of test drugs in models of glaucoma. |
Impact | Multi-disciplinary. Chemistry. Opthalmology in vivo glaucoma models. Pharmacology ex-vivo outflow models. Immunology, in vivo optic neuritis models. |
Start Year | 2014 |
Description | Investigation of test materials on functional signalling in mesenteric arteries. |
Organisation | St George's University of London |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Supply of research materials and expertise. |
Collaborator Contribution | Functional studies on potassium channel signalling in mesenteric arteries. |
Impact | Too early. |
Start Year | 2014 |
Description | Patch clamp studies on endothelial cell ion channel signalling. |
Organisation | Medical University of Graz |
Country | Austria |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Supplied research tools and expertise. |
Collaborator Contribution | Dr Alexander Bondarenko, Provided expertise in patch clamp electrophysiology on endothelial cell systems. |
Impact | Provided pivotal data in the identification of the mode of action of our new Multiple sclerosis drug. This outcome later confirmed by many additional studies. The mode of action identification was key in enabling the licensing of this drug to the Ipsen Pharmaceutical company. |
Start Year | 2014 |
Title | BENZAMIDE DERIVATIVES USEFUL IN THE TREATMENT OF MUSCULAR DISORDERSAND PAIN AND FOR CONTROLLING SPASTICITY AND TREMORS |
Description | The present invention relates to a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof : (I) wherein: n is 0 or 1; R1 is selected from H, alkyl and aralkyl, wherein said alkyl and aralkyl groups may be optionally substituted by one or more OH groups; X is a group selected from -C=C-(CH2)p-; -C(R5)=C(R6)-(CH2)q-; and -C(R5)(R6)C(R7)(R8)-(CH2)r-; where each of R5, R6, R7 and R8 is independently H or alkyl, and each of p, q and r is independently 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; Y is a group selected from: CN; COOR2; CONR3R4; SO2NR9R10; NR12COR13; NR14SO2R15; and a heterocyclic group selected from oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, iso- thiazolyl, oxazolyl, iso-oxazolyl, pyrazolyl and imidazolyl; where each of R2, R3 and R4 is independently H or alkyl; or R3 and R4 are linked, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, to form a 5 or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl group, said heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl group optionally containing one or more further groups selected from O, N, CO and S, and where each of R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14 and R15 is independently H or alkyl. Further aspects of the invention relate to the use of such compounds in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a muscular disorder, pain, or for controlling spasticity or tremors, for example, spasticity in MS. |
IP Reference | WO2015082938 |
Protection | Patent application published |
Year Protection Granted | 2015 |
Licensed | No |
Impact | Too early. |
Title | BKCA CHANNEL ACTIVATOR FOR TREATING MUSCULAR DISORDER |
Description | The present invention relates to BKCa activators for use in the treatment of a muscular disorder, or for controlling spasticity or tremors, for example, spasticity in MS. |
IP Reference | US2018021303 |
Protection | Patent application published |
Year Protection Granted | 2018 |
Licensed | Yes |
Impact | Not applicable yet. |
Title | BKCA CHANNEL ACTIVATOR FOR TREATING MUSCULAR DISORDER |
Description | The present invention relates to BKCa activators for use in the treatment of a muscular disorder, or for controlling spasticity or tremors, for example, spasticity in MS. |
IP Reference | WO2016128772 |
Protection | Patent application published |
Year Protection Granted | 2016 |
Licensed | Yes |
Impact | None so far. |
Title | COMPOUNDS FOR TREATING DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH BK CHANNEL MODULATION |
Description | The present invention relates to a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, wherein: Z is OR16 or NR17R18; R16 is H or alkyl; R17 is H or alkyl; R18 is alkyl or cycloalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from OH, halogen and COOR11; X is a group selected from -C=C- |
IP Reference | WO2016128771 |
Protection | Patent application published |
Year Protection Granted | 2016 |
Licensed | Yes |
Impact | None yet. |
Title | CRYSTALLINE FORM OF VSN16 |
Description | The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I) in crystalline form, wherein said compound is in the form of the free base or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate of the free base or salt form thereof.The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition containing said crystalline form as an active ingredient, and use thereof in the prevention or treatment of disease. The invention further relates to a process for preparing the crystalline form. |
IP Reference | WO2014111720 |
Protection | Patent application published |
Year Protection Granted | 2014 |
Licensed | Commercial In Confidence |
Impact | Enabled phase I study conducted in the UK. |
Title | MODULATORS OF CANNABINOID RECEPTORS |
Description | The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z is OR<1> or NR<1>R<2> wherein each of R<1> and R<2> is independently H, or a hydrocarbyl group; X is an alkylene, alkenylene, or alkynylene group, each of which may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from alkyl, COOH, CO2-alkyl, alkenyl, CN, NH2, hydroxy, halo, alkoxy, CF3 and nitro; Y is a polar functional group selected from OH, NO2, CN, COR<3>, COOR<3>, NR<3>R<4>, CONR<3>R<4>, SO3H, SO2-R<3>, SO2NR<3>R<4> and CF3, where each of R<3> and R<4> is independently H or a hydrocarbyl group; A is an aryl or heteroaryl group, each of which may be optionally substituted; and B is (CH2)n where n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; with the proviso that: (i) when A is phenyl, n is 0, and Z is OH, X-Y is other than meta-C=-C-(CH2)2CO2H, meta-C=-C-(CH2)2OH, meta-C=C-(CH2)2CO2Me, meta-(CH2)4CO2H, ortho-CH2CO2H, ortho-(CH2)2CO2H and ortho-(CH2)4CO2H; and (ii) when A is phenyl, n is 0, and Z is OMe, X-Y is other than meta-C=C-(CH2)4OH. Further aspects of the invention relate to the use of such compounds in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a muscular disorder, a gastrointestinal disorder, or for controlling spasticity or tremors. |
IP Reference | WO2005080316 |
Protection | Patent granted |
Year Protection Granted | 2005 |
Licensed | Commercial In Confidence |
Impact | Phase I clinical study in the UK completed. phase II clinical study in the UK ongoing, expected to complete Q4 2016. |
Title | PROCESS FOR PREPARING CARBOXYLIC ACID AMIDES USEFUL IN THE TREATMENT OF MUSCULAR DISORDERS |
Description | The present invention relates to a process for preparing a compound of formula wherein: R2 is cycloalkyl or alkyl, each of which may be optionally substituted; Y is -CONR3R4, -CN or CO2R5; R3, R4 and R5 are each independently H or alkyl; n is 1 to 6; wherein said process comprising the steps of : (i) treating a compound of formula (IV), where R1 is alkyl, with a compound of formula (V) and forming a compound of formula (IIIb); (ii) treating said compound of formula (IIIb) with a compound of formula (Il) to form a compound of formula (I). |
IP Reference | WO2010116116 |
Protection | Patent granted |
Year Protection Granted | 2010 |
Licensed | Commercial In Confidence |
Impact | Phase I and II clinical trials conducted in the UK. |
Title | VSN16R |
Description | New investigational drug for MS related spasticity. Phase II study. |
Type | Therapeutic Intervention - Drug |
Current Stage Of Development | Early clinical assessment |
Year Development Stage Completed | 2017 |
Development Status | Under active development/distribution |
Clinical Trial? | Yes |
Impact | Trial output published in abstract form. Failed to meet defined clinical endpoints but some evidence of efficacy. https://onlinelibrary.ectrims-congress.eu/ectrims/2018/ectrims-2018/231591/rachel.farrell.results.from.a.phase.ii.proof.of.concept.trial.of.vsn16r.to.html?f=menu=14*media=3*speaker=440728*browseby=8 |
URL | https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02542787?term=VSN16R&rank=1 |
Title | VSN16R |
Description | We have invented a new treatment for spasticity in multiple sclerosis and have recently (June 2014) completed the phase I studies and reproductive toxicology for this drug. This drug has the potential to become the standard of care for the treatment of muscle spasticity in MS with fewer and less severe side effects for patients than current drugs. In particular earlier treatment should be achievable, countering the onset of disability and allowing a normal life to be sustained for longer. We are now actively seeking additional funds to enable the clinical proof of concept phase IIa study in MS patients. This study will be conducted in the University College Hospital (UCH), London, with first recruitment expected in 2015. This drug is now ready for a phase II clinical study. The most recent principle source of funding for this development was the TSB grant (this project submission). |
Type | Therapeutic Intervention - Drug |
Current Stage Of Development | Early clinical assessment |
Year Development Stage Completed | 2014 |
Development Status | Under active development/distribution |
Clinical Trial? | Yes |
UKCRN/ISCTN Identifier | QLON-2013-VSN16R-001 |
Impact | Wide use of mostly UK based clinical and pre-clinical contract research organisations, direct spend of the grant money in these organisations stimulating economic activity. Building research expertise in UK universities. Building clinical expertise in the treatment of MS. |
URL | http://www.canbex.co.uk/ |
Company Name | Canbex Therapeutics |
Description | Canbex Therapeutics is developing treatments for multiple sclerosis. |
Year Established | 2004 |
Impact | Canbex is building on years of work by pioneering scientists and leading clinicians, who set out to address a medical need in multiple sclerosis that is poorly served by existing therapies. Spasticity is among the most painful, damaging and debilitating symptoms of MS. Spasticity is characterized by sudden and uncontrollable movements of limb and torso musculature. Current drug treatments have a high level of undesirable side effects, and many patients are treated with palliative measures alone, such as pads or slings, or confined to a wheelchair. The company's lead compound VSN16R, discovered in the labs of its scientific founders, is a novel orally active small molecule compound that was designed to be substantially more tolerable than existing anti-spastic agents. In tests to date, VSN16R does not cause the flaccidity, sedation or other side-effects that are major disadvantages of other agents. A phase II study in patients failed to meet its endpoints and the company was wound up in 2020. |
Website | http://www.canbex.co.uk |
Description | BLOG |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | There are up to 250,000 visits to the site each month and about 7,000-9,000 a day. The audience is clinicians , basic scientists, pharmaceutical industry, charities, people with disease, regulators We got first line drug approval for an MS drug. Did our campaign on the blog contribute, who knows? We got clinical trials funded for a number of MS drugs. Did our campaign and post influence this, who knows? We champion elimination of bad laboratory practice in relation to animal experimentation in MS. Does this influence practice who knows? Hard to tell |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017 |
URL | http://multiple-sclerosis-research.blogspot.co.uk/ |
Description | Cafe Scientific Lecture |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Gave a lecture in a Cafe Scientific format for the Fight for Sight charity detailing some of our work on glaucoma. This was held in the Silver Cup pub in Harpenden. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
URL | https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/new-drugs-for-glaucoma-its-all-about-the-electricity-tickets-28833426... |
Description | Research Day |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
Part Of Official Scheme? | Yes |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Participants in your research and patient groups |
Results and Impact | Full day of interaction with people with MS and their families. The talk has been uploaded to Youtube ejs6r95NZhA linked from our Research Website.. (http://multiple-sclerosis-research.blogspot.com/2014/09/ms-day-whats-new-in-lab.html). http://www.MS-res.org. This site for people with MS attracts 1 60,000 visits a month. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013,2014 |
URL | http://multiple-sclerosis-research.blogspot.com/2014/09/ms-day-whats-new-in-lab.html |
Description | School visit by year 12 pupils |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | This was an event for y12 science students at a local school in Hertfordshire (Stanborough Academy). The objective was to give the students exposure to practical methods in chemistry, biology and physics. The students crystallised a protein in the lab and then conducted an X-ray experiment to show how protein structures are determined. Feedback from this day was very positive. This event was repeated in 2017. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016,2017 |
URL | http://www.stanborough.herts.sch.uk/news_and_events_post16_chemistry_day_at_ucl_jan2016_.html |