Rapid monitoring of bioaerosols in Urban, Agricultural and Industrial Environments
Lead Research Organisation:
CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY
Department Name: School of Water, Energy and Environment
Abstract
The impact of emissions from urban, agricultural and industrial areas on local air quality is a growing concern. However, understanding the identities, distribution and abundance of airborne microorganisms remains in its infancy. Deleterious health effects can arise following exposure to infective bacterial and viral organisms. Indeed, the risk to human exposure from bioaerosols and volatile organic compounds are still difficult to quantify in real time. There is also growing concern about the accidental or deliberate release of biological materials in the environment and the associated impacts on human/animal health and the economy. Thus, rapid bioaerosol detection is an urgent civilian and military requirement. In 2012, the Government instigated a "Blackett Review" to address the question "Which technologies or capabilities will enable rapid, wide-area surveillance of a broad spectrum of biological agents in the next 15 years?" As the risk of exposure is directly linked to the concentration and type of microorganisms, much clearer characterisation, quantification and monitoring methods are needed if the temporal and spatial trends of infectious species are to be evaluated in different environments. Current monitoring methods are labour-time intensive, expensive and inefficient at capturing sufficient amounts of biomaterial for bioaerosol characterisation. Furthermore, there is currently no standardised protocol established which often leads to an underestimation of the diversity and quantity of microbial load. Thus, a more in-depth understanding of bioaerosol material is required. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) has facilitated the characterisation of bioaerosol material at the fine-scale. However, such methods are being used with no guidelines as to the type of filter to be used; sampling flow rate, time period, or extraction methods. Furthermore, simply characterising the aerosol microbiome is only the first step to understanding the microbial processes occurring in bioaerosols in different environments. Metatranscriptomics which provides an understanding of how communities respond to changes in their environment may be more appropriate to analysing complex bioaerosol communities and their interactions with biotic/ abiotic factors in the environment.
The overall aim of this project is to develop a 'bio-toolkit' for high-confidence, wide-area biodetection and biomonitoring of bioaerosols from urban, agricultural and industrial environments. Specifically, the project aims to develop novel techniques for rapid, high-throughput sample capture, concentration and preparation for detecting bioaerosols. The project will utilise a combination of NGS (metagenetic) and chemical marker analysis to characterise the aerosol microbiome across environments. This will provide a robust, cost-effective, sensitive approach to identify, quantify and monitor key pathogens in bioaerosols. We will use metatranscriptomics to identify the functional diversity of the aerosol microbiome and provide insights into the processes supporting bacterial diversity in aerosol samples. We will examine how functional diversity changes across environment type and context and provide additional phylogenetic information on total bacterial diversity. A major project output for end-user beneficiaries will be an optimised network system for the rapid and responsive wide-area real-time monitoring (i.e. detection, characterisation and quantification) of bioaerosols (specifically bacterial pathogens) across urban, agricultural and industrial environments using portable 'in-field' micro-instrumentation. We will produce a database of microbial volatile organic markers for the rapid characterisation of bioaerosols from different sources. The project also provides a better understanding of the impact of bioaerosols from different sources on human exposure which is of direct relevance to the NERC strategy.
The overall aim of this project is to develop a 'bio-toolkit' for high-confidence, wide-area biodetection and biomonitoring of bioaerosols from urban, agricultural and industrial environments. Specifically, the project aims to develop novel techniques for rapid, high-throughput sample capture, concentration and preparation for detecting bioaerosols. The project will utilise a combination of NGS (metagenetic) and chemical marker analysis to characterise the aerosol microbiome across environments. This will provide a robust, cost-effective, sensitive approach to identify, quantify and monitor key pathogens in bioaerosols. We will use metatranscriptomics to identify the functional diversity of the aerosol microbiome and provide insights into the processes supporting bacterial diversity in aerosol samples. We will examine how functional diversity changes across environment type and context and provide additional phylogenetic information on total bacterial diversity. A major project output for end-user beneficiaries will be an optimised network system for the rapid and responsive wide-area real-time monitoring (i.e. detection, characterisation and quantification) of bioaerosols (specifically bacterial pathogens) across urban, agricultural and industrial environments using portable 'in-field' micro-instrumentation. We will produce a database of microbial volatile organic markers for the rapid characterisation of bioaerosols from different sources. The project also provides a better understanding of the impact of bioaerosols from different sources on human exposure which is of direct relevance to the NERC strategy.
Planned Impact
Who will benefit? This project will develop a 'bio-toolkit' for high-confidence, wide-area biodetection and biomonitoring of bioaerosols from urban, agricultural and industrial environments. There are several end-user beneficiaries in both private & public sectors e.g. Environment Agency (EA), Defra, Dstl, Department of Health (DoH), Public Health England, Local Hospital/ Healthcare Authorities, composting/biowaste processing companies, Local Authorities, agricultural & farming sectors. Development of novel techniques for rapid, high-throughput sample capture, concentration and preparation and a robust, cost-effective, sensitive approach to identify, quantify and monitor bioaerosols will enable these organisations to save resources by targeting their actions on specific aspects of bioaerosol exposure (e.g. pathogen mitigation) that have the greatest environmental and human health impact. The project also benefits academics and the public.
How will they benefit? The project enhances quality of life, health & environment as follows:
1. Data on a high throughput air sampling methods and equipment for wide-area biodetection will inform EA, Defra, Dstl and Public Health England on bioaerosol exposure and monitoring.
2. Data on the composition and dynamics of bioaerosols (including pathogens) from different environmental sources will inform composting/biowaste processing industry and agriculture on operational best-practice for the management of biowaste and human exposures.
3. Data from the project will inform how climate change affects pathogens in air (e.g. through extreme weather conditions) in different environments.
4. Data from the project will produce a network integration system for use with portable micro-instrumentation to monitor and track bioaerosols in real time across urban, agricultural and industrial environments. This will benefit Dstl's policy on wide-area surveillance of broad spectrum of biological agents for civilian and military benefit.
The project increases the effectiveness of public services & policy as follows:
1. The project will generate a comprehensive dataset on sources, emission rates, source apportionment methodologies, mechanisms and concentration characteristics of bioaerosols from different environmental sources. This will provide a better understanding of the impact of bioaerosols from different environments on human exposure (especially on agricultural scenarios) enabling improved mitigation strategies to be developed for reducing bioaerosol emissions and improve environmental air quality (EU Air Quality Directive).
2. Characterization of aerosolised material of biological origin (including pathogens) from different environmental sources will inform Local Healthcare Authorities and DoH's policy for pathogen mitigation.
3. Data on how climate change affects the pathogens in air can be used by Defra and Public Health England to more accurately predict potential bioaerosol exposures under future climate scenarios, helping Local Health Authorities adapt to climate change.
4. Data obtained will inform EA policy of the regulation of composting/biowaste sites and inform Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations.
5. Data will help to meet the Government's goals for management of UK's recycling strategies.
How will they benefit? The project enhances quality of life, health & environment as follows:
1. Data on a high throughput air sampling methods and equipment for wide-area biodetection will inform EA, Defra, Dstl and Public Health England on bioaerosol exposure and monitoring.
2. Data on the composition and dynamics of bioaerosols (including pathogens) from different environmental sources will inform composting/biowaste processing industry and agriculture on operational best-practice for the management of biowaste and human exposures.
3. Data from the project will inform how climate change affects pathogens in air (e.g. through extreme weather conditions) in different environments.
4. Data from the project will produce a network integration system for use with portable micro-instrumentation to monitor and track bioaerosols in real time across urban, agricultural and industrial environments. This will benefit Dstl's policy on wide-area surveillance of broad spectrum of biological agents for civilian and military benefit.
The project increases the effectiveness of public services & policy as follows:
1. The project will generate a comprehensive dataset on sources, emission rates, source apportionment methodologies, mechanisms and concentration characteristics of bioaerosols from different environmental sources. This will provide a better understanding of the impact of bioaerosols from different environments on human exposure (especially on agricultural scenarios) enabling improved mitigation strategies to be developed for reducing bioaerosol emissions and improve environmental air quality (EU Air Quality Directive).
2. Characterization of aerosolised material of biological origin (including pathogens) from different environmental sources will inform Local Healthcare Authorities and DoH's policy for pathogen mitigation.
3. Data on how climate change affects the pathogens in air can be used by Defra and Public Health England to more accurately predict potential bioaerosol exposures under future climate scenarios, helping Local Health Authorities adapt to climate change.
4. Data obtained will inform EA policy of the regulation of composting/biowaste sites and inform Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations.
5. Data will help to meet the Government's goals for management of UK's recycling strategies.
Publications
Garcia S.
(2017)
SAMPLING MICROBIAL VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS: OPTIMISATION OF FLOW RATE AND SAMPLING TIME
in WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment
Coulon F
(2017)
RAMBIE, Rapid monitoring of bioaerosols in Urban, Agricultural and Industrial Environments, NERC
in Impact
Shuaib Kamza Mahmud
(2017)
apid Characterization Of Bioaerosols From Rural, Industrial and Agricultural Environments
Garcia-Alcega S
(2017)
Fingerprinting outdoor air environment using microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) - A review
in TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry
Nasir Z
(2018)
A Controlled Study on the Characterisation of Bioaerosols Emissions from Compost
in Atmosphere
Garcia-Alcega S.
(2018)
Volatiles Metabolomics And Artificial Olfactory Systems For Biomedical Diagnosis Applications
Garcia-Alcega S
(2018)
Can chemical and molecular biomarkers help discriminate between industrial, rural and urban environments?
in The Science of the total environment
Nasir ZA
(2019)
Scoping studies to establish the capability and utility of a real-time bioaerosol sensor to characterise emissions from environmental sources.
in The Science of the total environment
Description | We developed robust and rapid monitoring methods for bioaerosols in urban, agricultural, and industrial sites via: ? High-throughput sampling ? Next generation sequencing technologies ? Chemical marker analysis ? Statistical design ? Network systems ? A database including the concentrations of MVOCs, VOCs and PLFAs present at each site in winter and summer has been created. Some of the data can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.17862/cranfield.rd.5593474 The methods have been validated through an extensive analysis of samples collected from the sampling campaigns of the project |
Exploitation Route | We have been training Master and PhD students on the sample collection and data analysis of MVOCs and these methods are being now applied routinely in our laboratory. We have shared and discussed the methodological approaches with the Environment Agency and Dstl and currently discussing how we could integrate the findings into new guidance for bioaerosol monitoring at sites. |
Sectors | Aerospace Defence and Marine Agriculture Food and Drink Environment Healthcare Government Democracy and Justice |
URL | https://www.cranfield.ac.uk/research-projects/rambie |
Description | Project findings have attracted attention from Airborne Allergy Action which contributed to further engage with Catherine Sutton and the National Aspergillosis Centre at Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust. The findings of RAMBIE are also providing a strong basis for setting up stakeholders context for BioAirNet and engaging with schools and air quality via the TAPAS network. RAMBIE findings are also providing evidence for the Environment Agency on the benefits of advanced monitoring and detection tools for biowaste sites and this is being pursue through BioAirNet where there is interest for method standardisation. |
First Year Of Impact | 2021 |
Sector | Agriculture, Food and Drink,Education,Environment |
Impact Types | Societal Policy & public services |
Description | Science to policy working group set up as part of NERC EM&HH Programme Integration Group work package |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Membership of a guideline committee |
Description | Future Biodetection Technologies Hub - Expanding Excellence in England fund, Research England |
Amount | £13,500,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | University of Hertfordshire |
Sector | Academic/University |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 07/2024 |
End | 07/2029 |
Description | Indoor/outdoor Bioaerosols Interface and Relationships Network - BioAirNet |
Amount | £507,471 (GBP) |
Funding ID | NE/V002171/1 |
Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 08/2020 |
End | 08/2024 |
Description | State Scholarship Council Visiting Scholar |
Amount | £15,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | CSC 201806415009 |
Organisation | University of Leeds |
Department | China Scholarship Council |
Sector | Academic/University |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 09/2018 |
End | 10/2019 |
Description | small research grants |
Amount | £3,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | The Aerosol Society |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 05/2017 |
End | 12/2017 |
Title | OpenChrom® - The open source alternative |
Description | OpenChrom® is an open source software for chromatography and mass spectrometry based on the Eclipse Rich Client Platform (RCP). Its focus is on handling mass spectrometry data files natively. Hence, mass spectrometric data generated, for example, by GC/MS, LC/MS, HPLC-MS, ICP-MS or MALDI-MS may be imported directly, without prior conversion, for subsequent visualization and evaluation. Aside from the support of various vendor data formats, data may also be imported in common formats such as NetCDF, csv or mzXML. All data format converters are provided as separate plug-ins which are not open source but free to use. Moreover, OpenChrom® offers a nicely adaptable graphical user interface and is available for various operating systems, e.g. Windows, Linux, Solaris and Mac OS X. |
Type Of Material | Improvements to research infrastructure |
Year Produced | 2016 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | OpenChrom® is tailored for data analysis purposes including processing, visualization and reporting. The implemented batch-processing features allow high-throughput evaluation of data acquired across our different gas chromatography systems in one unique environment - it further allows us to undertake multivariate analysis and chemical fingerprint comparison using the same platform. We are actively collaborating with the Dr. Philip Wenig the Founder, to expand the database and filter analysis for volatile organic compounds and hydrocarbons. |
URL | https://www.openchrom.net/ |
Description | Dstl |
Organisation | Defence Science & Technology Laboratory (DSTL) |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | Meeting at Dstl to discuss project and finalise secondment. Second meeting with Dstl to discuss progress to date |
Collaborator Contribution | Information on pathogen levels and sampling techniques |
Impact | None |
Start Year | 2015 |
Description | Environmental Agency |
Organisation | Environment Agency |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | Sampling methodology |
Collaborator Contribution | pathogen levels |
Impact | No |
Start Year | 2015 |
Description | Public Health |
Organisation | Public Health England |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | Discuss on pathogens |
Collaborator Contribution | Discussion about pathogens |
Impact | None |
Start Year | 2015 |
Description | UCL |
Organisation | University College London |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Generation of aerosols |
Collaborator Contribution | Use of environmental chamber at the Healthy Infrastructure Research Group |
Impact | None |
Start Year | 2015 |
Description | University of Essex pollution study to include county school children |
Organisation | University of Essex |
Department | School of Biological Sciences |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | As a contributor to an EU project, Bioairnet's role involved facilitating workshops and linking key partners to shape the project's direction. Through our efforts, we helped to foster collaboration among diverse stakeholders and promote a shared understanding of the project's objectives. One notable achievement was securing the participation of a BioairNet member (Essex University Prof Corinne Whitby and Dr Rob Ferguson) in the project's consortium. Their individual's expertise and contributions were integral to the project's success. Overall, my contribution was instrumental in creating a supportive and collaborative environment that allowed the project to achieve its goals and being successful. |
Collaborator Contribution | Essex University will lead the bioaerosol sampling of schools across the research country partners and will lead the DNA analysis for the project - this is related to previous NERC project RAMBIE work outputs (NE/M010813/1 and NE/M010961/1). |
Impact | Project just starting - Bioairnet will be providing a platform for dissemination and wider outreach across the UK and beyond taking advantage of the stakeholders of the network. I've also been appointed as member of the Advisory board of the InchildHealth project |
Start Year | 2022 |
Description | 64th GASG Colloquium |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Sensing and analysis of any airborne substances, including gases, volatiles and particles, including technology and applications. Work showcase and networking. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Aerosol Society Bioaerosol Conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | An Aerosol Society focus group meeting on Bioaerosol held at the University of Bristol 8th of June 2017 |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | https://aerosol-soc.com/events/bioaerosols-focus-meeting-10/ |
Description | Bioaerosols from composting research discussion day |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Introduction on RAMBIE and ENDOTOX II projects to EA, PHE, Imperial College and discussion on the research progress made and opportunities on the application of molecular methods, Exposure monitoring, occupational studies and epidemiology; discussion on how to broaden further the two NERC projects and consideration for EU funded project call |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
Description | Cranfield Science for Circular Economy |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Talk entitled "Using chemical and molecular markers for characterising aerosols from contrasting outdoor environments" |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | https://www.cranfield.ac.uk/events/events-2017/cranfield-science-for-a-circular-economy |
Description | European Aerosol Conference, Zurich 2017 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Talk entitled "he bioaerosol bacterial microbiome at urban, agricultural, and industrial sites: Exposure, size fraction and composition" |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | http://www.gaef.de/EAC2017/EAC2017abstracts/T402/T402N06f.pdf |
Description | European Aerosol Conference, Zurich 2017 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Poster entitled "Can chemical biomarkers help discriminating environmental microbial species?" |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | http://www.gaef.de/EAC2017/EAC2017abstracts/T310/T310N37b.pdf |
Description | Molecular Microbial Ecology Group (MMEG) meeting 2018 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Poster at Molecular Microbial Ecology Group (MMEG) meeting 2018, Swansea |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | NERC EMHH Program Integrator Group |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Update of the 4 projects founded by NERC, 2 in bioaerosols and 2 in water |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | NERC Environmental Microbiology and Human Health Programme Annual Conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | In the annual programme conference we invited policymakers and practitioners to present and discuss the need for environmental microbiology research, the share latest findings and to help to develop the forward research agenda. Held in September 2017 in Birmingham. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | NERC Environmental Microbiology and Human Health Programme, First Annual Programme Conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Update of the 4 projects founded by NERC, 2 in bioaerosols and 2 in water |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | NERC Environmental Microbiology and Human Health Programme, Second Annual Programme Conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Update of the 4 projects founded by NERC, 2 in bioaerosols and 2 in water |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | NERC Environmental Microbiology and Human Health Programme, Third Annual Programme Conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Overveiw of Rambie findings |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | One day meeting on bioaerosols to present new work |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Talk entitled "Combining Chemical And Molecular Markers For Monitoring Bioaerosols From Outdoor Environments " |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | https://aerosol-soc.com/events/bioaerosols-focus-meeting-10/programme/ |
Description | RAMBIE project update meeting with the Project Management Group |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Overview on the different sampling campaign and regimes tested across urban, rural and industrial sites and challenges in sampling bioaerosols on representative sites - discussion with representatives of the EA, Dstl on what to focus on and how to plan and organise next sampling campaign - All agreed to identify a site for deploying all battery of monitoring and sampling equipment (Coriolis, impeger, SIBS and WIBS) |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | RIVM-PHE Meeting |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | RIVM & PHE have a formal link. Resulting from their joint interest in bioaerosols and public health a meeting was organised to share UK / NL recent research. Held in Bilthoven in April 2017. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | Research Impact Showcase |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Impact showcase about the research done in Cranfield. We presented a poster showing the imortance of the rapid characterization of bioaerosols. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Science for the Green Economy - Advanced rapid monitoring of bioaerosols in Urban, Agricultural and Industrial Environments |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | The first national debate in Science for the Green Economy explored technology and management issues, including the disruptive innovations and the policy and regulatory environment in which new technologies might thrive. As the world works towards the goals agreed at COP21 in Paris, these discussions are more important than ever. The debate was chaired by Cranfield University's Professor Paul Leinster CBE (former Environment Agency CEO) and included contributions from Hayden Morgan (UK Green Investment Bank), Ben Ritchie (Aberdeen Asset Management), Alison Carter (ENDS Report), Julian Richardson (Parhelion Underwriting Ltd) as well as experts in law, the circular economy, corporate responsibility, and emissions reducing energy technology. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
URL | http://www.cranfield.ac.uk/s4ge |
Description | Symposium on bioaerosol, microbiome and lung disease, RIVM, The Netherlands |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Symposium organized as part of a mutual interest of PHE and RIVM in bioaerosols. It aims to strengthen the capacity and knowledge to service science based policies and regulations. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | http://hieh.hpru.nihr.ac.uk/sites/default/files/private/secure/Symposium%2018%20may%20Bioaerosol%20a... |
Description | WP8 -Enhanced understanding of bioaerosol emissions and models |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Update on Rambie at the WP8 PIG meeting on Enhanced understanding of bioaerosol emissions and models |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | one day meeting on bioaerosols, Bristol, June 2017 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | The purpose of this meeting is to bring together this mix of researchers to present exciting new work and discuss the challenges that still exist in bioaerosol research. Over 60 attendees |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | https://aerosol-soc.com/events/bioaerosols-focus-meeting-10/ |
Description | talk at the one day meeting on bioaerosols |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | talk entitled "Novel insights into the size distribution of bacterial bioaerosols at composting sites" |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |