Quantum Computing for Neutrino Scattering

This PhD project addresses the complexities inherent in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) bound states, which are essential to High Energy Physics (HEP). Due to the computational challenges of QCD, simulation of its dynamics on a quantum computer is proposed as a solution. Current limitations include a limited number of qubits, high qubit connectivity requirements in field theory, and the presence of noisy gates. Additionally, the need to convert QCD into a spin model restricts the QCD models that can be examined. The introduction of qudit-based systems, an N-level extension of the 2-level qubit, presents an opportunity for advanced simulations, especially with the progression in circuit QED (cQED). This system offers benefits in simulating bosonic systems and forming quantum gates with enhanced effective connectivity. The project aims to explore quantum encoding in qudits through amplitude-based methods or other schemes using coherent states of light. A primary aspect of the research is the examination of the relationship between entanglement entropy and the confinement and bound states in QCD. By understanding the representation of "fermions" in qudit systems using specific amplitude configurations of Fock states, the project will observe the quantum time evolution of fermion scattering. By contrasting qubit and qudit-based processors, potential advantages of the qudit approach will be identified. The research will focus on (1) understanding entanglement entropy using qubit-based systems, (2) investigating entanglement entropy in qudit-based systems from both a theoretical perspective and in terms of potential hardware advancements, and (3) analyzing fermion scattering, connecting quantum simulations to overarching physics goals in experiments such as DUNE.