High Dynamic Range: A Step Change in Cinematography

Lead Research Organisation: University of Warwick
Department Name: WMG

Abstract

This proposal will use the making of the world's first ever short film shot in High Dynamic Range (HDR) to begin to assess general public interest in the superior visual images produced by novel HDR capture and display technologies and stimulate wide discussion on the major technological advance in film making that HDR may offer. In doing so, the project will provide valuable public engagement experience for the investigators. To achieve this, this three month project brings together internationally leading expertise in HDR imaging and a unique HDR video technology from the University of Warwick with an innovative professional film maker, Entanglement Productions and a new high-tech company specialising in HDR technology, goHDR, to engage with an extensive network of film clubs and their film loving membership.Together the partners will clearly show the revolution in cinematography that HDR technology will bring about to the general public and investigate with the public what the potential social and economic impact of this new technology is likely to be. Through this interaction the investigators will gain direct experience of engaging with the public, and in particular our target audience of film club members, during the course of the film's production and at a public panel discussion on completion of the project. The investigators will also learn key skills from our partner, Entanglement Productions, into just how to make a compelling documentary which clearly explains to the general public complicated research outcomes.We believe the high novelty of the HDR technology and world first nature of this undertaking should generate considerable interest in this project amongst the general public, and our target film loving audience in particular. Well publicised, this should allow major public engagement to occur through the planned engagement activies the partners will be conducting alongside the film making. Furthermore the public engagement skills gained by the partners in creating an HDR film, providing easy, seamless access to such a film to a wide international audience, and capturing and analysing evaluations of the project, will build capacity and capability amongst the partners to facilitate many similar future activities. Such a future variety of available compelling HDR footage will encourage a groundswell of users who wish to experience this new phenomenon, and who subsequently create a large demand for further HDR content. This should result in many additional applications (and markets) of HDR technology well beyond those proposed here.

Planned Impact

The project will bring to the public's attention, clearly and effectively, the step change in cinematography that emerging High Dynamic Range (HDR) technology will bring about. In doing so the partners will gain significant new skills in public engagement as well as a detailed evaluation as to the success of the public engagement activities undertaken. This will facilitate similar future such endeavours, helping to stimulate world wide interest in this new phenomenon. This should result in many additional applications (and markets) of HDR technology well beyond those proposed here. Our partner, Entanglement Productions provides direct channels to our target audience, film lovers , through their extensive contacts with local film clubs, including Call The Shots in Coventry, Herbert Media, the Producer's Forum in Birmingham. Our other partner, goHDR, offers the means to give access to the film to a wide international audience and a possible route to market for any future potential commercial exploitation, although all possible options for economic and social impact will be kept under consideration, and be informed by the detailed evaluations undertaken with the public. Who and what will benefit from the outcomes of this project and how this will occur can be summarized as follows. This includes those people and companies who may be directly affected by this public engagement activities, and those others who, while not directly participating, will nevertheless benefit from knowledge gained: Film lovers - will have the opportunity to: download and view the film for free from the internet, watch the shooting of the film and ask questions directly to the partners, attend the screening on an HDR display and participate in the panel discussion General public - can download and watch the film from the internet for free, and are not excluded from the other public engagement events (although numbers will be limited and preference given to our target audience) Professional cameramen - will gain key knowledge as to how emerging HDR technology may impact their profession Film makers - will gain valuable knowledge as to how emerging HDR technology may impact their speciality within film making Broadcast media - applications include spontaneous or outside video capture, such as the news, sports events and nature documentaries Training films - capture footage in conditions with large variations of lighting, for example an operating theatre (dark body cavities to bright theatre lights) Security applications - capturing people and events even under widely varying lighting conditions Methods to ensure all these beneficiaries will have the opportunity to benefit from this research include exploiting unique existing ones at Warwick Manufacturing Group, such as: -regular visits by high profile industrial and public policy makers -extensive links with end user organisations -the dedicated Business Development Group, PR Department and Web services -Knowledge Transfer Team -National B2B Centre And new methods: -the extensive contacts of the academic and industrial partners -modern media opportunities -services of a free-lance cartoonist A full evaluation of the success of the public engagement activities will be presented at the end of this project. This will allow the partners to learn valuable lessons for future such endeavours.

Publications

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Bashford-Rogers T (2019) Learning Preferential Perceptual Exposure for HDR Displays in IEEE Access

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Chalmers A (2017) HDR video past, present and future: A perspective in Signal Processing: Image Communication

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Doukakis E (2019) Audio-Visual-Olfactory Resource Allocation for Tri-modal Virtual Environments in IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics

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Gonçalves A (2013) Perceptual images of Conimbriga using High Dynamic Range in Journal of Archaeological Science

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Hatchett J (2019) Displaying detail in bright environments: A 10,000 nit display and its evaluation in Signal Processing: Image Communication

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Mukherjee R (2019) Uniform Color Space-Based High Dynamic Range Video Compression in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology

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Selmanovic E (2014) Enabling stereoscopic high dynamic range video in Signal Processing: Image Communication

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Sinha Debmalya (2018) Temporal incident light fields

 
Title Morgan Lovers 
Description The world's first short film undertaken completely in HDR. The film was shot with a unique HDR video camera, edited and shown entirely in high Dynamic Range. 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2011 
Impact Interest from other film makers. The film has been shown at IBC and MAB - both major international exhibitions. 
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PNVjLdzumA0
 
Description The project showed that significantly more detail could be captured and thus subsequently displayed using HDR technology, than traditional video technology. In particular, there are many in the film and television industry who believe that capturing 16 f-stops, the dynamic range of traditional film, is sufficient to capture real-world lighting. While many real world scenes do indeed contain less than 16 f-stops, this is not the case in scenes with extreme lighting. This project showed conclusively the need for more than 16 f-stops.
Exploitation Route The ability to capture a dynamic range of at least 20 f-stops has applications in any scenes with extreme lighting, including sports events, news, nature documentaries, industrial processes, and security applications. The project provided supporting evidence for the need for HDR imaging technology.
Sectors Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software)

URL http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXXXxV_5EPA
 
Description Bespoke high-fidelity visualsiation of tiling
Amount £137,357 (GBP)
Funding ID 101148 
Organisation Innovate UK 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 06/2012 
End 06/2013
 
Description EU COST Action IC1005
Amount € 600,000 (EUR)
Organisation European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) 
Sector Public
Country Belgium
Start 05/2011 
End 05/2015
 
Description Royal Society Industrial Fellowship
Amount £198,187 (GBP)
Funding ID IF120030 
Organisation The Royal Society 
Sector Charity/Non Profit
Country United Kingdom
Start 09/2012 
End 08/2016
 
Title HDR video data compression devices and methods 
Description The invention relates to a method of compressing a stream of video frame data wherein tone mapping functions are determined for video frames of said stream, said tone mapping functions being different from one another for frames relating to different scenes and wherein it is suggested that the tone mapping functions will be altered for frames of the stream relating to the same scene. 
IP Reference EP2144444 
Protection Patent granted
Year Protection Granted 2010
Licensed Yes
Impact The patent is licensed to the spinout company goHDR and forms the basis for their current Beta product suite.
 
Company Name goHDR Ltd 
Description To provide compression/decompression solutions for HDR video. The company closed in December 2015 
Year Established 2009 
Impact Provided a world first complete HDR capture to display pipeline. Beta products were offered for sale and two research contracts were done with a security client.
 
Description Filming a rocket launch (Kennedy Space Centre) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact I was invited by the Advanced Imaging Lab (AIL) at the Kennedy Space Centre to film a rocket launch with our HDR system to enable them to compare their system and current thinking with ours.

This is one of the first attempts to film a rocket launch with HDR video. The work has attracted a lot of attention and even let to the head of AIL requesting to do a PhD under my supervision at the University of Warwick.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2013
 
Description Public engagement (IBC) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact This is the largest broadcast show in Europe and attracts over 50,000 participants. I was invited to showcase my research in HDR imaging at the Emerging Technologies section of the show in 2011, 2013 and again in 2015.

There was considerable interest - with a large number of requests for future demonstrations and for further information.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2011,2013,2015
URL http://www.ibc.org
 
Description Public engagement (NAB 2014, 2015 and 2016) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Invited to participate in the Future Zone of NAB 2012, 2014, 2015 and 2016 to showcase my research in HDR imaging. This is the world's largest broadcast show attracting over 92,000 participants from over 150 countries.

Large scale interest in the work presented - followed up by request to visit my lab and for further information from a number of companies. I have been invited back to exhibit at NAB 2015 in April 2015.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2012,2014,2015,2016
URL http://www.nabshow.com/