Transport and Reactions in Complex Heterogeneous Multiphase Systems
Lead Research Organisation:
Heriot-Watt University
Department Name: S of Mathematical and Computer Sciences
Abstract
The goal of this project is to develop a reliable, theoretical, and computational framework for transport and
reactions in complex heterogeneous multiphase systems based on mathematical, physical, and thermodynamic principles.
The project consists of two main themes with cross-linking throughout:
1. Modelling and analysis of novel, effective macroscopic transport formulations for catalysts in fuel cells that allow
for reliable, efficient, and low dimensional computational schemes in contrast to models fully resolving the microscale.
2. Developing a novel computational multiscale framework for transport and reactions in complex heterogeneous multiphase systems.
The project applies rigorous, mathematical and physical modelling with state-of-the-art methodologies such as
variational, physical, and thermodynamic analysis based on calculus of variations, gradient flows, statistical mechanics
and thermodynamics as well as novel computational approaches allowing for the reliable and efficient discretisation
of complex heterogeneous multiphase systems.
The ultimate aim is the systematic and predictive theoretical and computational analysis as well as the optimization
of complex heterogeneous multiphase systems with the goal of reducing material costs and of increasing longevity
by a novel and general computational multiscale framework. As a consequence, the results from the proposed work
shall guide experiments for gaining fundamental understanding of the underlying chemical, physical, and thermodynamic
processes but shall ultimately recommend new design rules, materials, geometries, processes and operation strategies,
as well as novel measurement techniques. Finally, this project builds the fundamental basis for the subsequent theoretical
and computational investigation of random complex heterogeneous multiphase systems which naturally occur in many
applications.
reactions in complex heterogeneous multiphase systems based on mathematical, physical, and thermodynamic principles.
The project consists of two main themes with cross-linking throughout:
1. Modelling and analysis of novel, effective macroscopic transport formulations for catalysts in fuel cells that allow
for reliable, efficient, and low dimensional computational schemes in contrast to models fully resolving the microscale.
2. Developing a novel computational multiscale framework for transport and reactions in complex heterogeneous multiphase systems.
The project applies rigorous, mathematical and physical modelling with state-of-the-art methodologies such as
variational, physical, and thermodynamic analysis based on calculus of variations, gradient flows, statistical mechanics
and thermodynamics as well as novel computational approaches allowing for the reliable and efficient discretisation
of complex heterogeneous multiphase systems.
The ultimate aim is the systematic and predictive theoretical and computational analysis as well as the optimization
of complex heterogeneous multiphase systems with the goal of reducing material costs and of increasing longevity
by a novel and general computational multiscale framework. As a consequence, the results from the proposed work
shall guide experiments for gaining fundamental understanding of the underlying chemical, physical, and thermodynamic
processes but shall ultimately recommend new design rules, materials, geometries, processes and operation strategies,
as well as novel measurement techniques. Finally, this project builds the fundamental basis for the subsequent theoretical
and computational investigation of random complex heterogeneous multiphase systems which naturally occur in many
applications.
Planned Impact
This research project aims to elucidate both physical and mathematical insight in how the microscale, i.e.,
pore geometry, affects transport and reactions on the macroscale of complex heterogeneous multiphase systems,
such as porous media or catalysts. The computational framework itself shall build a reliable basis for appropriate
future modelling and serve as a predictive tool for complex heterogeneous systems.
The proposed computational framework is of great interest to researchers and engineers whose research involves
coupled transport and reaction processes in complex heterogeneous multiphase systems and hence will enable
them to tackle classes of problems that have hitherto been inaccessible. Also the commercial/private sector
with interests in the development of predictive models for transport in complex heterogeneous systems will benefit
from this research. In terms of applications, these are quite extensive from batteries, fuel cells, carbon capture,
fuel production such as hydrogen, solar cells, and super capacitors.
The outlined research will lead to state-of-the-art rigorous numerical methodologies with the capability of
providing accurate and reliable multiscale simulations of three-dimensional transport and reactions in porous
media/catalysts. At present, there do not exist codes/software for the efficient computation of such complex multiscale
problems. The resulting computational tools will be of benefit to the control and optimisation of fuel cells/batteries
and general devices that exploit microscale transport such as flows of species and charges by allowing for rapid
design of novel efficient catalysis systems for instance. High-quality software is a key driver to economic impact
and an invaluable platform to interact with end users, even at the basic research stage and with limited support.
INDUSTRIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACT/INTERACTION WITH INDUSTRY
In order to stimulate interaction with Industry, we will organise an interdisciplinary workshop at the International Centre for
Mathematical Sciences in Edinburgh. This will provide a valuable platform for leading experts from academia and industry
to identify promising interdisciplinary collaborations for advancing energy storage systems for the general benefit (e.g. affordability, longer life times, faster charging times) as further motivated by the economic relevance of catalysis systems below.
The impact of Catalysis Research on the UK (and global) economy generates in excess of 50 billion pounds per annum.
The UK CATALYSIS HUB aims to promote and advance the UK catalysis research portfolio with four main themes
of research: Catalyst Design, Catalysis for Chemical Transformation, Catalysis for Energy, and Environmental Catalysis.
An energy related research program is the Hydrogen and Fuel Cell (H2FC) SUPERGEN Hub, which aims to bring together
UK's FC research community from academia over industry to government of which the Scottish Government and Scottish
Enterprise are part of. This research will provide novel and reliable computational multiscale methodologies in synergy
with these existing Research Hubs and open up new mathematical and physical research directions as well as promising
predictive industrial modelling avenues.
pore geometry, affects transport and reactions on the macroscale of complex heterogeneous multiphase systems,
such as porous media or catalysts. The computational framework itself shall build a reliable basis for appropriate
future modelling and serve as a predictive tool for complex heterogeneous systems.
The proposed computational framework is of great interest to researchers and engineers whose research involves
coupled transport and reaction processes in complex heterogeneous multiphase systems and hence will enable
them to tackle classes of problems that have hitherto been inaccessible. Also the commercial/private sector
with interests in the development of predictive models for transport in complex heterogeneous systems will benefit
from this research. In terms of applications, these are quite extensive from batteries, fuel cells, carbon capture,
fuel production such as hydrogen, solar cells, and super capacitors.
The outlined research will lead to state-of-the-art rigorous numerical methodologies with the capability of
providing accurate and reliable multiscale simulations of three-dimensional transport and reactions in porous
media/catalysts. At present, there do not exist codes/software for the efficient computation of such complex multiscale
problems. The resulting computational tools will be of benefit to the control and optimisation of fuel cells/batteries
and general devices that exploit microscale transport such as flows of species and charges by allowing for rapid
design of novel efficient catalysis systems for instance. High-quality software is a key driver to economic impact
and an invaluable platform to interact with end users, even at the basic research stage and with limited support.
INDUSTRIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACT/INTERACTION WITH INDUSTRY
In order to stimulate interaction with Industry, we will organise an interdisciplinary workshop at the International Centre for
Mathematical Sciences in Edinburgh. This will provide a valuable platform for leading experts from academia and industry
to identify promising interdisciplinary collaborations for advancing energy storage systems for the general benefit (e.g. affordability, longer life times, faster charging times) as further motivated by the economic relevance of catalysis systems below.
The impact of Catalysis Research on the UK (and global) economy generates in excess of 50 billion pounds per annum.
The UK CATALYSIS HUB aims to promote and advance the UK catalysis research portfolio with four main themes
of research: Catalyst Design, Catalysis for Chemical Transformation, Catalysis for Energy, and Environmental Catalysis.
An energy related research program is the Hydrogen and Fuel Cell (H2FC) SUPERGEN Hub, which aims to bring together
UK's FC research community from academia over industry to government of which the Scottish Government and Scottish
Enterprise are part of. This research will provide novel and reliable computational multiscale methodologies in synergy
with these existing Research Hubs and open up new mathematical and physical research directions as well as promising
predictive industrial modelling avenues.
People |
ORCID iD |
Markus Schmuck (Principal Investigator) |
Publications
Molla J
(2019)
Basic and extendable framework for effective charge transport in electrochemical systems
in Applied Mathematics Letters
Schmuck M
(2017)
Rate of Convergence of General Phase Field Equations in Strongly Heterogeneous Media Toward Their Homogenized Limit
in SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics
Schmuck M
(2017)
Upscaling of Solid-electrolyte Composite Intercalation Cathodes for Energy Storage Systems
in Applied Mathematics Research eXpress
Schmuck M
(2019)
Recent advances in the evolution of interfaces: thermodynamics, upscaling, and universality
in Computational Materials Science
Ververis A
(2017)
Computational investigation of porous media phase field formulations: Microscopic, effective macroscopic, and Langevin equations
in Journal of Computational Physics
Description | The research supported by this grant has allowed us to rigorously derive novel, simple, and computationally low-dimensional framework to reliably describe interfacial transport in Complex Heterogeneous Systems such as porous media and batteries. |
Exploitation Route | This novel and rigorously validated theory serves as a promising tool for the predictive modelling in a wide range of scientific and industrial applications due to the well-known versatility of phase field formulations. |
Sectors | Aerospace, Defence and Marine,Agriculture, Food and Drink,Chemicals,Construction,Energy,Environment,Manufacturing, including Industrial Biotechology,Pharmaceuticals and Medical Biotechnology,Other |
URL | http://epubs.siam.org/doi/abs/10.1137/16M1079646 |
Title | New and systematically derived effective macroscopic charge transport equations for lithium batteries |
Description | This novel battery formulation allows to systematically analyse the influence of geometric properties of battery designs on the characteristics such as current-voltage curves. Additionally, this novel upscaled formulation have the additional advantage of providing characteristic dimensionless numbers which give a direct indication of how to improve battery designs in order to improve performance. At the same time, this novel upscaled equations allow for low-dimensional computations based on numerical methods known for homogeneous domains. |
Type Of Material | Improvements to research infrastructure |
Year Produced | 2017 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Increased the interaction with internationally leading researchers in the area of electrochemistry and batteries, e.g. M.Z. Bazant (MIT) and P. Berg (Alberta). An increased visibility of this new research group emerging thanks to this Research Grant. |
URL | https://academic.oup.com/amrx/article/2017/2/402/3739795 |
Description | 4 talks at the APS-DFD conference on fluid dynamics in Denver, USA |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | The Complex Heterogeneous Systems (CHeSS) research group presented four talks at these internationally well-renown fluid dynamics conference. We managed to draw attention to our new, detailed, and fundamental approach to understanding and refining charge transport in Lithium batteries. We presented also the novel computational observation that coarsening dynamics in porous media shows a universal behaviour, i.e., we recover the same coarsening rate in the porous media setting as for homogeneous environments. In this context, we presented also the first rigorous error estimates for a novel and thermodynamic formulation to describe multiphase flow in porous media. Finally, I have also contributed to a talk on the computational modelling of this novel multiphase flow formulation. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | http://meetings.aps.org/Meeting/DFD17/Content/3384 |
Description | Interdisciplinary workshop on Complex Heterogeneous Systems with well-renown international speakers |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | This workshop will take place from June 25 to 27 this year (2018). We have already the confirmed attendance of internationally well-renown speakers such as T. Ala-Nissila (Aalto University), M.Z. Bazant (MIT), P. Berg (Alberta), A. Gorban (Leicester), S. Kalliadasis (Imperial College, London), B. Leimkuhler (Edinburgh), G. Lord (Heriot-Watt), H.C. Oettinger (ETH Zurich), and J. Venneste (Edinburgh). |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
URL | https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/workshop-on-complex-heterogeneous-systems-chess-tickets-40832932400 |