Performance-driven design of aluminium alloys for additive manufacturing (PAAM)
Lead Research Organisation:
Brunel University London
Department Name: BCAST
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) makes net-shaped, highly precise, and cost-effective components of intricate design with minimum waste. However, the AM industry faces many technical challenges in the production of high-quality parts due to intrinsic defects, e.g. pores, cracks, distortions and anisotropy. These microstructural discontinuities are related to the material properties and solidification behaviour upon the AM processing conditions, i.e. rapid melting and cooling. The current developments of AM focus mostly on the printing processing, mitigating intrinsic material's deficiencies by process control, such as laser power and scan speed, and much less on the material side, with a majority of the alloys being originally designed and tailored to suit other manufacturing routes, e.g. casting. The quality of AM parts is dominated by the properties and characteristics of the alloy feedstocks - vital aspects that are currently largely overlooked. As a consequence, there is a limited number of materials that are designed specifically for manufacturing high-quality AM components.
The synergetic approach in this project is three-fold and aims to (a) develop a new class of hierarchically structured Al-based alloys with fine-tuned structures and compositions at both the nano- and micro-scale, which satisfy the requirements for cracking resistance, structure uniformity, reduced residual stresses and porosity, enabling a unique combination of properties and dimensional precision for AM; (b) test and optimise their performance upon AM using in situ and ex situ high precision characterisation methods; (c) validate the approach by manufacturing AM test parts with enhanced product quality and, hence, with improved properties and performance. Combining these three advances, we will deliver a new class of high-quality AM materials with lightweight, uniform structure and properties, high rigidity, thermal stability, and designed functionality; combining the best processing features of existing diverse alloy groups.
While addressing the challenges of AM through dedicated material development, this proposal has a strong and credible pathway to impact other manufacturing processes, e.g. casting and powder metallurgy using the same alloy design paradigm.
The synergetic approach in this project is three-fold and aims to (a) develop a new class of hierarchically structured Al-based alloys with fine-tuned structures and compositions at both the nano- and micro-scale, which satisfy the requirements for cracking resistance, structure uniformity, reduced residual stresses and porosity, enabling a unique combination of properties and dimensional precision for AM; (b) test and optimise their performance upon AM using in situ and ex situ high precision characterisation methods; (c) validate the approach by manufacturing AM test parts with enhanced product quality and, hence, with improved properties and performance. Combining these three advances, we will deliver a new class of high-quality AM materials with lightweight, uniform structure and properties, high rigidity, thermal stability, and designed functionality; combining the best processing features of existing diverse alloy groups.
While addressing the challenges of AM through dedicated material development, this proposal has a strong and credible pathway to impact other manufacturing processes, e.g. casting and powder metallurgy using the same alloy design paradigm.
Organisations
- Brunel University London (Lead Research Organisation)
- University of Toronto (Collaboration)
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (Collaboration)
- Precision Acoustics Ltd (Collaboration)
- Alloyed (Collaboration)
- University of Glasgow (Collaboration)
- IPG Photonics (UK) Limited (Collaboration)
- Parker Hannifin Corporation (Collaboration)
- National University of Singapore (Collaboration)
- European Space Agency (Collaboration)
- King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (Collaboration)
- University of Sheffield (Project Partner)
- Ford Motor Company (Project Partner)
- AMAZEMET (Project Partner)
- Constellium UK Limited (Project Partner)
- Israel Aerospace Industries (Project Partner)
- Anton Paar TriTec SA (Project Partner)
People |
ORCID iD |
| Dmitry Eskin (Principal Investigator) |
Publications
Bhatt A
(2023)
In situ characterisation of surface roughness and its amplification during multilayer single-track laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing
in Additive Manufacturing
Chankitmunkong S
(2023)
Light Metals 2023
Chankitmunkong S
(2023)
Microstructure, Hardening, and Mechanical Properties of Hypoeutectic Al-Ce-Ni Alloys with Zr and Zr + Sc Additions and the Effect of Ultrasonic Melt Processing
in Advanced Engineering Materials
Chankitmunkong S
(2024)
Precipitation hardening and structure evolution in hypereutectic Al-6 % Fe-Zr alloys subjected to ultrasonic melt processing
in Journal of Alloys and Compounds
Eskin D
(2025)
Light Metals 2025
Fan X
(2023)
Thermoelectric magnetohydrodynamic control of melt pool flow during laser directed energy deposition additive manufacturing
in Additive Manufacturing
Fan X
(2025)
Magnetic modulation of keyhole instability during laser welding and additive manufacturing.
in Science (New York, N.Y.)
Guo D
(2024)
Correlative spatter and vapour depression dynamics during laser powder bed fusion of an Al-Fe-Zr alloy
in International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing
Guo L
(2023)
Quantifying the effects of gap on the molten pool and porosity formation in laser butt welding
in International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
Hocine S
(2025)
Physical twin of an industrial quad-laser powder bed fusion machine for high-speed multi-modal sensing measurements
in Materials & Design
| Description | Two alloying systems were identified as promising i.e. Al-Ce-Ni-Mn and Al-Ni-Mn-Fe. Alloys of both systems were produced at different cooling rates and upon additive manufacturing conditions. The structure, phase composition, and mechanical properties were investigated. Each system produced two optimum alloys that were further scrutinised through structure/phase analysis, solidification behaviour, and mechanical testing at room and elevated temperatures. The design principles were validated, i.e the alloys exhibited low hot cracking susceptibility, formed very fine heterogeneous structures and showed good possibility upon additive manufacturing. Mechanical properties showed the advantage of these alloys over Al-10% Si and similar level to much more expensive Sc-containing alloys. The alloys were also very thermally stable, losing less than 30% of the yield strength at 300 °C. Fundamental studies were done on revealing the mechanisms of ultrasonic atomisation of powders, which is an advanced and clean process of making feedstock for additive manufacturing. In collaboration with KMUTT/KMITL (Thailand) a new phenomenon of precipitation hardening caused by Fe-containing phases has been discovered. Further investigation into this, potentially, groundbreaking phenomenon, is being pursued through a PhD project co-financed by EPSRC and Constellium. |
| Exploitation Route | After further optimisation and examination, the developed alloys could be used in many applications that require thermal stability, and good level of mechanical properties. Moreover the design principles developed in this project can be expanded to other alloying systems. |
| Sectors | Aerospace Defence and Marine Electronics Manufacturing including Industrial Biotechology Transport |
| Description | CLA Leung - Senior Fellowship: 'Synchrotron-calibratEd lAser pRocessing teCHnologies (SEARCH)' |
| Amount | £206,795 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | RCSRF2324-18-71 |
| Organisation | Royal Academy of Engineering |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 03/2024 |
| End | 02/2029 |
| Description | CLA Leung - start-up fund FROM Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks Corporation |
| Amount | HK$100,000 (HKD) |
| Organisation | Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks Corporation |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| Country | China |
| Start | 01/2024 |
| End | 12/2024 |
| Description | EQUIPMENT ACCESS SCHEME: Arc Melter |
| Amount | £1,313 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | SHEF-YR9-105_SREAS25/001 |
| Organisation | Henry Royce Institute |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 02/2025 |
| End | 03/2025 |
| Description | EQUIPMENT ACCESS SCHEME: Dilatometer |
| Amount | £2,153 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | MAN-YR9-113 |
| Organisation | Henry Royce Institute |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 02/2025 |
| End | 04/2025 |
| Description | IAA: Enhanced feedstock For additive manufacturing copper components (EFFICIENT) |
| Amount | £99,994 (GBP) |
| Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 08/2024 |
| End | 08/2025 |
| Description | IPG: X-ray Imaging Of Process Dynamics During EV Welding |
| Amount | $300,000 (USD) |
| Organisation | IPG Photonics (UK) Limited |
| Sector | Private |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 03/2024 |
| End | 02/2029 |
| Description | Novel Manufacturing-led Structures for Electrical Machines under Extreme Working Environments |
| Amount | £91,571 (GBP) |
| Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 02/2024 |
| End | 02/2025 |
| Description | Precipitation hardening by Fe-containing phases in recycled aluminium alloys |
| Amount | £140,000 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | iCase voucher 240052 |
| Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 09/2024 |
| End | 09/2028 |
| Description | Proposal No MG34549 "Performance-driven design of Aluminum alloys during DED Additive Manufacturing" |
| Amount | £80,000 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | MG34549 |
| Organisation | Diamond Light Source |
| Sector | Private |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 11/2023 |
| End | 12/2023 |
| Description | Calibration, data acquisition, testing of hydrophones for detection of shock waves in collaboration with Precision Acoustics Ltd |
| Organisation | Precision Acoustics Ltd |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | We tested the calibrated hydrophones under cavitation conditions, captured and analysed shock waves |
| Collaborator Contribution | PA provided assistance in calibration of a range of fiber optics to needle hydrophones as well as solving issues with data acquisition. This enhances their expertise in measuring acoustic signals during the propagation of shock waves by bubbles implosion. . |
| Impact | We used an advanced strategy/approach and combined efforts with PA to capture and analyse bands of shock waves from implosion of cavitation bubbles. We deployed advanced audio-visual methods (high speed camera up to 1 million frames per second and calibrated hydrophone sensors) that also included unique synchronisation techniques of acoustic emissions with video recordings. PA's contribution was essential to this exercise as they provide guidance on data analysis and insightful thoughts on the development of a manuscript that was eventually published in the Journal of Fluid Mechanics (JFM) in 2021 and is gaining traction. This in-depth understanding of shock waves allowed us to publish a series of other papers in the following journals: Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, Carbon, Tribology International, Physics of Fluids, JOM - Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. Furthermore, the calibrated sensors enabled us to monitor pressure fields within the novel dual-frequency reactor developed for this project. This real-time monitoring facilitated the optimization of the reactor and control of cavitation dynamics, ultimately leading to advancements in the exfoliation process of 2D nanomaterials. On-going extends into atomization where synchronised acoustic measurements and high speed video recordings allowed us to resolve and capture shock wave events occured during atomization that led to two more publications (Ultrasonics Sonochemistry and Additive Manufacturing). The results contribute to a deeper understanding of metallic powder development in collaboration with our industrial partner, Amzamet. |
| Start Year | 2021 |
| Description | Colaboration with Thailand |
| Organisation | King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang |
| Country | Thailand |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | As an extension of previous collaboration, we advised a research team in two universities in Thailand, KMUTL and KMUTT, on the development of eutectic and hypereutectic alloys that may in future be relevant to the topic of this project. Importantly, this is a complementary activity not directly covered by the programme of this project. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Research groups (mostly undergraduate and graduate students) performed a number of experiments on the structure and properties of Al-Fe, Al-Ni and Al-Ce alloys with and without ultrasonic melt processing. Joint papers resulted from this research. |
| Impact | Joint papers have been published as listed in outcomes. |
| Start Year | 2023 |
| Description | UCL and Anna Paradowska, University of Sydney/ANSTO collaboration |
| Organisation | Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation |
| Country | Australia |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | Joint project - Solid-State Additive Manufacturing For Recycled Aluminium Alloys |
| Collaborator Contribution | Joint project - Solid-State Additive Manufacturing For Recycled Aluminium Alloys |
| Impact | Paper submitted |
| Start Year | 2023 |
| Description | UCL and Cameron Breheny, Tom Halhead from Parker Aerospace collaboration |
| Organisation | Parker Hannifin Corporation |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Joint project - Study of powder degradation and processing strategies on laser powder bed fusion of CP1 |
| Collaborator Contribution | Joint project - Study of powder degradation and processing strategies on laser powder bed fusion of CP1 |
| Impact | No output yet. |
| Start Year | 2025 |
| Description | UCL and Michael Mallon, Gian Lorenzo Casini and Miguel Yagues Palazon from European Space Agency collaboration |
| Organisation | European Space Agency |
| Department | Harwell Centre |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | Joint project - Enable active control of surface roughness during advanced manufacturing using laser pulse shaping technologies |
| Collaborator Contribution | Joint project - Enable active control of surface roughness during advanced manufacturing using laser pulse shaping technologies |
| Impact | Joint PDRA Anastassia Milleret hired. |
| Start Year | 2024 |
| Description | UCL and Rhys Jones from Alloyed Ltd collaboration |
| Organisation | Alloyed |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Joint project - Impact of powder recyclability on process dynamics during laser powder bed fusion process |
| Collaborator Contribution | Joint project - Impact of powder recyclability on process dynamics during laser powder bed fusion process |
| Impact | Grant proposal for a MSCA Doctoral Network submitted |
| Start Year | 2024 |
| Description | UCL and Tristan Fleming, David Goodwin, Aleksandr Oreshkin, Iurii Markushov, Andrey Gorskiy from IPG Photonics collaboration |
| Organisation | IPG Photonics (UK) Limited |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Joint project - X-ray Imaging Of Process Dynamics During EV Welding |
| Collaborator Contribution | Joint project - X-ray Imaging Of Process Dynamics During EV Welding |
| Impact | Joint beamtime experiment at European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. Chu Lun Alex Leung's Senior Fellowship at RAEng. |
| Start Year | 2024 |
| Description | UCL and Wentao Yan, National University of Singapore collaboration |
| Organisation | National University of Singapore |
| Country | Singapore |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Provide expertise on AM experiment and data analytics. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Provide expertise on AM modelling. |
| Impact | No output yet. |
| Start Year | 2023 |
| Description | UCL and Xiao Shang, University of Toronto collaboration |
| Organisation | University of Toronto |
| Country | Canada |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Provision of beamtime experiment, expertise in AM machines, data analysis. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Participation in beamtime experiment, expertise in data analysis and AM |
| Impact | No output yet. |
| Start Year | 2023 |
| Description | Ultra-high speed camera observations |
| Organisation | University of Glasgow |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | We have experimentally identify for the first time the prime responsible mechanism (shock waves from collapsing bubbles) for the fragmentation of metallic crystals in a sonicated environment as well as the importance of shock waves on atomization of liquid droplets and exfoliation of 2D nanomaterials |
| Collaborator Contribution | Allowed us to use their state of the art laser-induced bubble facility providing knowledge and expertise |
| Impact | Collaboration with Glasgow University led to the publications of numerous journal papers in prestigious journals like Journals of Fluid Mechanics, Additive Manufacturing and Ultrasonics Sonochemistry while joint conference papers have been included in the relevant proceedings. This is a fruitful collaboration with a decent number of outcomes that further advanced the existing knowledge on the field of shock waves as well as elucidate the mechanisms of bubble dynamics and their interaction with solid and liquid phases. |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Title | Additive manufacturing tool |
| Description | Additive manufacturing tool |
| IP Reference | |
| Protection | Patent / Patent application |
| Year Protection Granted | 2024 |
| Licensed | No |
| Title | Modulated power additive manufacturing technology to minimise porosity |
| Description | Modulated power description: Porosity formation during directed energy deposition additive manufacturing is significant reduced through the application of modulated laser. |
| IP Reference | |
| Protection | Patent / Patent application |
| Year Protection Granted | 2024 |
| Licensed | No |
| Description | 'Invited industrial visit CLA Leung, PD Lee - Carpenter Additive, Widnes, 22nd May 2023 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | 'Invited industrial visit CLA Leung, PD Lee - Carpenter Additive, Widnes, 22nd May 2023 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | Abhinav Priyadarshi talk/poster at ESS18 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | Abhinav Priyadarshi talk/poster at ESS18 "Quantify the role of cavitation induced shock waves in ultrasonic atomization", Belgium |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| URL | https://ess18.org/ |
| Description | C Zhu talk at ICAA19 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | C Zhu talk at ICAA19 "A new approach to the design of aluminum alloys for additive manufacturing", USA |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| URL | https://icaa19.org/ |
| Description | C.L.A. Leung hosted the 'IOM3 Road to Professional Membership and Chartership event' with UKRI RCaH, IOM3, and Renishaw plc. |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | I co-host the upcoming event: 'Road to professional membership and chartership' with the Research Complex at Harwell, IOM3 (Institute of Materials, Minerals & Mining), UCL, and Renishaw. If you want to find answers to any of the following questions, please come along to our in person event at Harwell campus (29th Nov 2023). We have got an excellent line-up of speakers, e.g. Ms Sarah Boad, Dr. Sarah Glanvill, and Prof. Mark Miodownik. The goal is to showcase professional practitioners to learn more about the following areas: ? Are you interested in joining a professional body or the benefits of being a member of one? ? Do you want to join the Institute of Materials, Minerals, and Mining (IOM3)? ? Do you know how being chartered could benefit your career? ? Do you know the process for becoming chartered? ? Do you even know what chartership is? |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.rc-harwell.ac.uk/events/road-professional-membership-and-chartership |
| Description | CLA Leung Invited talk at Renishaw plc. lunch time seminar |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | CLA Leung Invited talk at Renishaw plc. lunch time seminar 'New Insights into the laser powder bed fusion process using advanced sensing technologies' |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | CLA Leung featured on ESRF Tech Talk article |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | CLA Leung featured on ESRF Tech Talk article, contributed to the ESRF Tech Talk article, "Deep learning model boosts additive manufacturing X-ray analysis", France |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| URL | https://www.esrf.fr/home/news/tech-talk/content-news/tech-talk/techtalk22.html |
| Description | CLA Leung hosted IPG Photonics visit to Harwell. |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | CLA Leung hosted IPG Photonics visit to Harwell, UK. Visitors include Gary Broadhead (Sales Manager), Iurii Markushov (VP, Global Applications), David Goodwin (Managing Director), Andrey Gorsky (R&D), Tristan Fleming (Research Specialist). |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2025 |
| Description | CLA Leung interview podcast Tech and Science Daily |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | CLA Leung interview podcast Tech and Science Daily - How researchers are using X-Ray vision to improve Formula 1. We're joined by Dr. Chu Lun Alex Leung an Associate Professor in Advanced Manufacturing at UCL. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2025 |
| URL | https://shows.acast.com/tech-science-daily/episodes/breast-cancer-deaths-to-rise-dramatically-by-205... |
| Description | CLA Leung invited talk at Microstructure control in metal additive manufacturing workshop |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | CLA Leung invited talk at Microstructure control in metal additive manufacturing conference at Imperial College London, London, UK |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2025 |
| URL | https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/microstructure-control-in-metal-additive-manufacturing-tickets-124591... |
| Description | CLA Leung invited to join the proposal review panel for A*STAR programme |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | CLA Leung joined Proposal review panel for A*STAR programme, Singapore |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | CLA Leung invited to join the proposal review panel for Dutch Research Council |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | CLA Leung invited to join the proposal review panel for Dutch Research Council, Netherlands |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2025 |
| Description | CLA Leung talk at AMRC |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | C L A Leung talk at AMRC (University of Sheffield Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre) "Progress towards intelligent manufacturing", UK |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | CLA Leung talk at Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (CAIR) Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | C L A Leung talk at Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (CAIR) Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Hong Kong |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | CLA Leung talk at TMS 2024 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | CLA Leung talk at TMS 2024 "Seeing inside additive manufacturing with the extremely brilliant source", USA |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| URL | https://www.tms.org/TMS2024/Home/TMS2024/Default.aspx?hkey=54504ea7-8339-4a6d-855c-30ecc0bfe027&gcli... |
| Description | CLA Leung, invited talk Centre for Additive Manufacture - Metal, CAM² |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | CLA Leung, invited talk Centre for Additive Manufacture - Metal, CAM², "Seeing inside metal additive manufacturing with extremely brilliant source", Sweden |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | CLA Leung, invited talk at Knowledge Exchange Workshop |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | CLA Leung, invited talk at Knowledge Exchange Workshop, "X-ray imaging capabilities at UCL", online. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2025 |
| Description | CLA Leung, invited talk at Stuttgart Laser Technology Forum (SLT) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | CLA Leung, invited talk at Stuttgart Laser Technology Forum (SLT), "Seeing Inside Additive Manufacturing with the Extremely Brilliant Source", Stuttgart, Germany |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | CLA Leung, participation in the UK Metal Additive Manufacturing Roundtable discussion |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | CLA Leung, participation in the UK Metal Additive Manufacturing Roundtable discussion, The University of Birmingham, UK |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | CLAL Leung invited to join the interview panel for UELA studentship for UCL Faculty of Engineering |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | CLAL Leung invited to join the interview panel for UELA studentship for UCL Faculty of Engineering, London, UK |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2025 |
| Description | Course of lectures and workshops |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Prof. D.G. Eskin was invited to give 3 lectures and participate in a number of workshops in King Mongkut's University Thonbury (KMUTT) in Thailand. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | D Guo talk at TMS 2024 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | Da Guo talk at TMS 2024 "Correlation of keyhole geometry with spatters and droplets during laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing of aluminium", USA |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| URL | https://www.tms.org/TMS2024/Home/TMS2024/Default.aspx?hkey=54504ea7-8339-4a6d-855c-30ecc0bfe027&gcli... |
| Description | D Guo's research featured on Techxplore.com |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | D Guo's research featured on Techxplore.com for article "Seeing the invisible: How X-ray reveals spatter behavior during 3D printing". |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| URL | https://techxplore.com/news/2024-08-invisible-ray-reveals-spatter-behavior.html |
| Description | F Arzilli talk at EGU 2024 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | F Arzilli talk at EGU 2024 "Quantifying dendritic crystallization in hydrous basaltic magmas through 4D experiments with in situ view: implications for magma mobility within the Earths crust" Austria |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| URL | https://www.egu24.eu/ |
| Description | Invited talk in the 184th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | An invited talk in the annual event of the Acoustical Society of America (Chicago, 8-12 May 2023). |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| Description | K Zhang talk at FEMS EUROMAT 2023 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | K Zhang talk at FEMS EUROMAT 2023, "Pore evolution during directed energy deposition additive manufacturing", Frankfurt Germany |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | K Zhang talk at TMS 2024 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | K Zhang talk at TMS 2024 "Investigation of deformation behaviours and microstructure evolution with advanced characterization" USA |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| URL | https://www.tms.org/TMS2024/Home/TMS2024/Default.aspx?hkey=54504ea7-8339-4a6d-855c-30ecc0bfe027&gcli... |
| Description | K Zhang talk at TMS 2024 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | K Zhang talk at TMS 2024 "Controlling bubble dynamics mechanisms during directed energy deposition additive manufacturing", USA |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| URL | https://www.tms.org/TMS2024/Home/TMS2024/Default.aspx?hkey=54504ea7-8339-4a6d-855c-30ecc0bfe027&gcli... |
| Description | MSMaH team volunteering at Harwell Open Week |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Over 30 members of MSMaH team volunteered at the Harwell Open Week on 28 and 29 June 2024, including running a stand of using 3D pen to repair damaged turbine blades, demonstraion of 3D printing equipment, using a machine build with Lego to show concept of X-ray tomography, and presenting 3D printed organs. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| URL | https://www.harwellcampus.com/discover/stories/open-day-2024/ |
| Description | MSMaH team volunteering at UCL Festival of Engineering |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Over 30 members of MSMaH team volunteered at the UCL Festival of Engineering on 18-20 July 2024, including running a stand of using 3D pen to repair damaged turbine blades and presenting 3D printed human organ atlas. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| URL | https://www.eventbrite.com/cc/ucl-festival-of-engineering-friday-3185929 |
| Description | PD Lee & CLA Leung featured in ESRF article |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | PD Lee & CLA Leung featured in ESRF article, "Researchers find a mechanism of large pore formation in additive manufacturing" |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| URL | https://www.rc-harwell.ac.uk/news/new-deep-learning-model-boosts-additive-manufacturing-x-ray-analys... |
| Description | PD Lee & CLA Leung featured in Industrial Equipment News |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | PD Lee & CLA Leung featured in Industrial Equipment News, "Massive X-Ray Facility Shows How Magnets Can Reduce Flaws in 3D Printed Parts" |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2025 |
| URL | https://www.ien.com/additive-manufacturing/news/22934025/massive-xray-facility-shows-how-magnets-can... |
| Description | PD Lee & CLA Leung featured in Technology Networks |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | PD Lee & CLA Leung featured in Technology Networks, "Magnets Could Reduce Flaws in 3D-Printed Components" |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2025 |
| URL | https://www.technologynetworks.com/tn/news/magnets-could-reduce-flaws-in-3d-printed-components-39646... |
| Description | PD Lee & CLA Leung featured in Voxel Matters |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | PD Lee & CLA Leung featured in Voxel Matters, "Researchers reduce flaws in 3D printed components using magnets" |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2025 |
| URL | https://www.voxelmatters.com/researchers-reduce-flaws-in-3d-printed-components-using-magnets/ |
| Description | PD Lee & CLA Leung featured on Harwell News online |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | PD Lee & CLA Leung featured on Harwell News online, "New deep learning model boosts additive manufacturing X-ray analysis", UK |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| URL | https://www.rc-harwell.ac.uk/news/new-deep-learning-model-boosts-additive-manufacturing-x-ray-analys... |
| Description | PD Lee & CLA Leung hosted Junji Shinjo from Shimane University at Research Complex at Harwell. |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | PD Lee & CLA Leung hosted Junji Shinjo from Shimane University at Research Complex at Harwell. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | PD Lee & CLA Leung participated at the Rolls-Royce University Technology Conference |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | CLAL Leung invited to join the interview panel for UELA studentship for UCL Faculty of Engineering, London, UK |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2025 |
| Description | PD Lee and CLA Leung hosted a Parker Aerospace visit to Harwell |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | PD Lee and CLA Leung hosted a Parker Aerospace visit to Harwell. Visitors include Diane Zanca (Director of Central Engineering), Chad Seaborn (Analytical Sciences Manager), Shane Nicholson (Senior Principal Engineer), Tom Halhead (Technical Director), Cameron Breheny (Senior Materials and Applications Engineer). |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | PD Lee attended ESA/ESTEEC Meeting |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | PDL attended ESA/ESTEEC Meeting - Physical Sciences Working Group, The Netherlands |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | PD Lee hosted visits from RAEng panel at Research Complex at Harwell |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | PD Lee hosted a visit from RAEng panel at Research Complex at Harwell. Visitors include Professor Trevor Cross FREng, Dr Caroline Hargrove CBE FREng, Mr Ian Ritchie CBE FREng FRSE, Professor Rachel Williams FREng, Dr Cath Thums RAEng Programme Manager, Fjolla Krasniqi RAEng Programme Officer. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | PD Lee on organising panel for TMS 2024 Symposium Defects and Properties of Cast Metals. |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | PD Lee on organising panel for TMS 2024 Symposium Defects and Properties of Cast Metals. Full Panel: Lang Yuan, University of South Carolina; Andrew Kao, University of Greenwich; Brian G. Thomas, Colorado School of Mines; Peter D. Lee, University College London; Mark Roderic Jolly, Cranfield University Alex J. Plotkowski, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Kyle Fezi, Fort Wayne Metals |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| URL | https://www.programmaster.org/PM/PM.nsf/UpcomingSymposia/D913BF93115EAF8085258947007FC71C?OpenDocume... |
| Description | PD Lee talk at Queen Mary University of London departmental meeting |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | PD Lee talk at Queen Mary University of London departmental meeting, "Seeing Inside Additive Manufacturing to Intact Human Organs with Micron Resolution", London, UK |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | PD Lee talk at TMS2023 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | PD Lee, Invited talk, "Imaging Intact Human Organs across the scales using Hierarchical Phase-Contrast Tomography ", at TMS 2023 Annual Meeting & Exhibition, California USA, March 2023. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | PD Lee talk at XFEL Town Hall |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | PD Lee talk at XFEL Town Hall, "Is XFEL needed to image additive manufacturing processes in real and reciprocal space?", Wales |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | S Bhagavath Invited talk at IIT Bombay |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | S Bhagavath Invited talk at IIT Bombay, "Synchrotron imaging of manufacturing processes- Insights and mechanisms", India |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | Science Bazaar at Oxford Brookes University |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Schools |
| Results and Impact | We has showcased our research activities to a diverse audience, including schoolchildren, families, young scientists, and the general public over the Science Bazaar annual event, attracting more than 7,000 visitors from all backgrounds and offers a free, hands-on exploration of science in its broadest sense. We demonstrated our work on materials, including nanomaterials and alloys, highlighting their potential to shape the future. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024,2025 |
| URL | https://www.brookes.ac.uk/science-bazaar |
| Description | X Fan talk at Rolls-Royce Service's Technology Student Conference |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | X Fan talk at Rolls-Royce Service's Technology Student Conference, Derby, UK |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |