Simulation of Confinement Dynamics on a Quantum Computer

Confinement is a phenomenon that occurs when the attraction between two particles grows with their distance, most prominently found in quantum chromo-dynamics between quarks. In condensed matter physics similar physics occurs in quantum spin chains, for example in the one dimensional transverse field ldIsing model with an additional longitudinal field or as measured in experiments on CoNb2O6 (cobalt niobate) [1]. Most prominently, the effects of confinement can be seen after a quantum quench, a sudden change in the Hamiltonian describing the system [2]. These effects have been shown to occur on short chains as well as in short time periods. This makes confinement an ideal quantum effect to test the capabilities of quantum computers, since large errors are still present in current quantum simulations of sizable systems over long time periods. In this project, the underlying physics of confinement will be explored in relation to quantum simulation on state-of the art quantum computers. The goal is to benchmark the optimal initial conditions, parameters and signature(s) of confinement to be found that maximise the clarity of simulations. Using these results, simulations on a real IBM superconducting quantum device will be performed and results compared to classical simulations. Quantum confinement is a non-perturbative interaction effect and its quantum simulation opens the possibilities to explore new quantum phenomena beyond the capabilities of classical computers.

The main impact of the proposed Hub will be in training quantum engineers with a skillset to understand cutting-edge quantum research and a mindset toward developing this innovation, and the entrepreneurial skills to lead the market. This will grow the UK capacity in quantum technology. Through our programme, we nurture the best possible work force who can start new business in quantum technology. Our programme will provide multi-level skills training in quantum engineering in order to enhance the UK quantum technologies landscape at several stages. Through the training we will produce quantum engineers with training in innovation and entrepreneurship who will go into industry or quantum technology research positions with an understanding of innovation in quantum technology, and will bridge the gap between the quantum physicist and the classical engineer to accelerate quantum technology research and development. Our graduates will have to be entrepreneurial to start new business in quantum technology. By providing late-stage training for current researchers and engineers in industry, we will enhance the current landscape of the quantum technology industry. After the initial training composed of advanced course works, placements and short projects, our students will act as a catalyzer for collaboration among quantum technology researchers, which will accelerate the development of quantum technology in the UK. Our model actively encourages collaboration and partnerships between Imperial and national quantum tehcnology centres and we will continue to maintain the strong ties we have developed through the Centre for Doctoral Training in order to enhance our on-going training provisions. The Hub will also have an emphasis on industrial involvement. Through our new partnerships students will be exposed to a broad spectrum of non-academic research opportunities. An important impact of the Hub is in the research performed by the young researchers, PhD students and junior fellows. They will greatly enhance the research capacity in quantum technology. Imperial College has many leading engineers and quantum scientists. One of the important outcomes we expect through this Hub programme is for these academics to work together to translate the revolutionary ideas in quantum science to engineering and the market place. We also aim to influence industry and policy makers through our outreach programme in order to improve their awareness of this disruptive technology.