Constraining models of the early universe using gravitational waves

The Nanograv experiment recently found evidence for low-frequency stochastic gravitational waves, leading to a flurry of research focusing primarily on Super Massive Black Holes as their potential origin. Additionally, there has been exploration into cosmic superstrings as another possible source. However, these studies often adopted a simplified approach to cosmic superstring dynamics. Recognizing the complexity, Copeland, Avgoustidis, and Moss have proposed more accurate evolutionary equations that consider the diversity of possible string formations. It is crucial that these more intricate dynamics be factored into our understanding of cosmic superstrings to accurately define their limits.

Another critical aspect of the research aims to innovate in the models and detection of gravitational wave signals emanating not only from cosmic strings and superstrings but also from a broader range of compact field theory sources, including axion stars, boson stars, and various topological and non-topological structures. In addition to analytical work and theoretical improvements to early universe models, the strategy involves leveraging artificial intelligence to refine detection techniques. By initially training AI networks on known field theory sources, the project hopes to harness this learned insight to sift through data from Nanograv, LIGO, and simulated LISA observations, identifying distinctive signals.