LBNF/DUNE PIP-II Cryomodules

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The UK's leadership within the global DUNE/LBNF research project in the US will provide a broad array of impacts for a wide range of stakeholders, both during and post-project. These include:

[UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), and the UK academic base]
- Take a major stake and leadership role in the DUNE detector construction and secure access to the best physics for future UK exploitation;
- Significantly advance our understanding of the origin and structure of the universe, including study of the behaviour of neutrino particles and their antimatter counterparts, antineutrinos;
- Play a leading role in the LBNF beam line and associated PIP-II accelerator development at FNAL to exploit and build on the UK's world-leading expertise;
- Support research excellence through investment in the next generation of detectors - DUNE/LBNF is the new flagship global particle physics project;
- Nurture scientific talent: strong UK participation will provide unique and exciting training opportunities for PhD students in the UK, including application of cutting-edge deep learning and machine learning techniques.

[UK Government]
- Secure a strong economic return on the UK's capital investment;
- Enable the science base and industry to build core capability and capacity in key technologies;
- De-risk future capital expenditure in large-scale national research infrastructure through broadened UK fabrication base and enhanced expertise. Will give more freedom in future facility design choices, ensuring best use of UK research budget;
- Build a strong strategic UK-US partnership in science and innovation and help secure the UK's international reputation as partner of choice.

[UK industry]
- Accessible from publish access route. Accelerate product development. Procurement of advanced solutions. Driver for technological innovation. Benefit from lean production and industry best practise;
- Invest in knowledge exchange and innovation: key detector components will be manufactured in UK industry, leveraging the existing connections with industry from the ATLAS and experiments at CERN and SKA;
- Potential to access high value SRF manufacturing opportunities for the global research facility market, and to transfer technology to societal applications in healthcare, security and hand-held devices.

[General public}
- Stimulate public interest in fundamental physics, and help answer some of the big questions significantly advance our understanding of the origin and structure of the universe. This could provide insight as to why we live in a matter-dominated universe and inform the debate on why the universe survived the Big Bang;
- Develop cutting-edge skills in science and engineering and help inspire future uptake of STEM subjects in schools and universities;
- Increased global competiveness of UK industry, providing increased employment opportunities and apprenticeships;
- Transfer knowledge and technology advances to application areas in healthcare, security and semiconductor devices, for example, with significant societal impact potential in the longer term.

[STFC National Laboratories]
- Invest in the UK's scientific infrastructure - building manufacturing capacity and enhancing the existing skill base at the STFC Rutherford Appleton and Daresbury laboratories.

The mechanisms for optimising the economic and societal impacts generated by the PIP-II project are further detailed in the attached Pathways to Impact document.