Screen Lives: What the experiences of documentary contributors tell us about the media
Lead Research Organisation:
King's College London
Department Name: Culture Media and Creative Industries
Abstract
The overall aim of this fellowship is to have a positive impact upon the wellbeing of the ordinary people
who take part in media productions and the ways they are represented, by influencing working
practices, policy, and public debates. This will be achieved through a programme of activities designed
to make the findings of my research accessible to influential audiences - including academics, industry
bodies, and the general public.
From the public discourse, we might surmise that contributing to the media is an ambivalent
proposition at best. Contributors are derided as fame-hungry, greedy and narcissistic on the one hand,
and naive victims of the other (Winston, 1988; De Benedictis et al., 2017). Yet despite the increasing
centrality of media participation in everyday life, surprisingly little sociological interest has been paid to
the actual people involved. Their dual status, as both insiders and outsiders, both subject and object,
affords them a unique perspective; but furthermore, means that their experiences can reveal a great
deal about the politics of the media.
A key finding of my research is that the wellbeing of media contributors is inextricably tied to the
production environment, which has been fundamentally reshaped by the deregulation of the industry.
Until the 1980s, a comfortable duopoly of the BBC and ITV broadcast to a captive audience, reaching
tens of millions of viewers every night. Since then, the launch of the independent production sector,
multi-channel television, the Internet, TV on demand, and streaming services are among a multitude of
developments which have led to the creation of a hyper-competitive media environment and a
fragmented audience (Hesmondhalgh, 2018). Media research to date has tended to focus upon the
experiences of workers in the creative industries, but the consequences of political-economic
reorganisation ripple out far beyond the paid workforce, to everyone who participates.
The impact of structural changes upon ordinary people has scarcely figured within policy debates and
the public discourse, which typically revolve around vulnerable participants and the effects of social
media trolling upon their mental health. The industry has made considerable investments in
psychological screening and aftercare, but my findings suggest these measures are unlikely to address
many of the fundamental causes of contributor distress (Coleman, 2023).
The purpose of this fellowship is to contribute to a growing debate about duty of care and how it is
conceptualised within the creative industries, encouraging policy-makers to look beyond quick-fix
solutions and make the workplace a fairer and safer environment. As a former TV producer, I will use
my professional contacts to publicise my research amongst the industry, circulating my findings to
executives at broadcasters and production companies, in order to reshape the conversation
surrounding duty of care, and make an impact upon future policy directions.
To develop the field of research within academia, I plan to turn my thesis into a monograph,
making my findings accessible to future researchers, and raising the profile of these important issues.
As the first book-length publication to examine the media industries from the perspective of its
subjects, this monograph has the potential to make a significant impact upon the wider scholarship.
These activities will be supported through regular mentoring sessions with Dr Christina Scharff, who is
a leading international scholar in the field of creative work and the cultural industries, with shared
interests in subjectivity, social justice, and qualitative research. In these sessions, I will be able to
discuss my work in progress and receive feedback on my manuscript. The fellowship will give me the opportunity to maximise the value of my research, and develop the core skills I need to support my transition into academia.
who take part in media productions and the ways they are represented, by influencing working
practices, policy, and public debates. This will be achieved through a programme of activities designed
to make the findings of my research accessible to influential audiences - including academics, industry
bodies, and the general public.
From the public discourse, we might surmise that contributing to the media is an ambivalent
proposition at best. Contributors are derided as fame-hungry, greedy and narcissistic on the one hand,
and naive victims of the other (Winston, 1988; De Benedictis et al., 2017). Yet despite the increasing
centrality of media participation in everyday life, surprisingly little sociological interest has been paid to
the actual people involved. Their dual status, as both insiders and outsiders, both subject and object,
affords them a unique perspective; but furthermore, means that their experiences can reveal a great
deal about the politics of the media.
A key finding of my research is that the wellbeing of media contributors is inextricably tied to the
production environment, which has been fundamentally reshaped by the deregulation of the industry.
Until the 1980s, a comfortable duopoly of the BBC and ITV broadcast to a captive audience, reaching
tens of millions of viewers every night. Since then, the launch of the independent production sector,
multi-channel television, the Internet, TV on demand, and streaming services are among a multitude of
developments which have led to the creation of a hyper-competitive media environment and a
fragmented audience (Hesmondhalgh, 2018). Media research to date has tended to focus upon the
experiences of workers in the creative industries, but the consequences of political-economic
reorganisation ripple out far beyond the paid workforce, to everyone who participates.
The impact of structural changes upon ordinary people has scarcely figured within policy debates and
the public discourse, which typically revolve around vulnerable participants and the effects of social
media trolling upon their mental health. The industry has made considerable investments in
psychological screening and aftercare, but my findings suggest these measures are unlikely to address
many of the fundamental causes of contributor distress (Coleman, 2023).
The purpose of this fellowship is to contribute to a growing debate about duty of care and how it is
conceptualised within the creative industries, encouraging policy-makers to look beyond quick-fix
solutions and make the workplace a fairer and safer environment. As a former TV producer, I will use
my professional contacts to publicise my research amongst the industry, circulating my findings to
executives at broadcasters and production companies, in order to reshape the conversation
surrounding duty of care, and make an impact upon future policy directions.
To develop the field of research within academia, I plan to turn my thesis into a monograph,
making my findings accessible to future researchers, and raising the profile of these important issues.
As the first book-length publication to examine the media industries from the perspective of its
subjects, this monograph has the potential to make a significant impact upon the wider scholarship.
These activities will be supported through regular mentoring sessions with Dr Christina Scharff, who is
a leading international scholar in the field of creative work and the cultural industries, with shared
interests in subjectivity, social justice, and qualitative research. In these sessions, I will be able to
discuss my work in progress and receive feedback on my manuscript. The fellowship will give me the opportunity to maximise the value of my research, and develop the core skills I need to support my transition into academia.
Organisations
Publications
Coleman E
(2023)
The wellbeing of ordinary people in factual television production
in Media, Culture & Society
Coleman E
(2023)
The work of documentary relationships
in European Journal of Cultural Studies
Coleman, E.R.
(2025)
Improving Duty of Care in Factual Film & TV
Coleman, E.R.
(2025)
The Ethics of Documentary Film
Coleman, E.R.
The People We Watch
| Description | This research is the first systematic study to explore the perspective of media participants, and how their experiences are shaped by working practices in the cultural industries. It emphasises the profound interconnection between the wellbeing of participants, producers, and the structural organisation of the media, suggesting that current duty of care practices must broaden their focus in order to meet people's needs. |
| Exploitation Route | This research provides empirical data about the use of participants in the media, which can play a foundational role in further scholarship about ethics and duty of care. |
| Sectors | Creative Economy Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software) Culture Heritage Museums and Collections |
| Description | My findings have been used by industry stakeholders such as the Film & TV Charity, media psychologists and welfare producers to lobby for improvements to duty of care practices in the media. I have been incited to join the Advisory Board of a further research project, investigating duty of care in reality TV, which has created partnerships between broadcasters and policy-makers, such as the Department for Culture, Media & Sport. Within academic communities, I was recently invited to give a keynote speech at a European documentary conference which centred on one of the main themes of my research - the nature of relationships between filmmakers and their subjects. I'm developing further research projects with the partners I have met through my Fellowship, with a view to developing professional frameworks for documentary makers and establishing ethical norms for the industry. |
| First Year Of Impact | 2022 |
| Sector | Creative Economy,Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software),Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections |
| Impact Types | Cultural Societal Policy & public services |
| Description | Participation in an advisory committee |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to new or improved professional practice |
| Impact | The project aims to influence working practices and policy in the media industries, and create partnerships between academics and stakeholders such as BECTU, Equity and the Department for Culture, Media & Sport. |
| URL | https://www.aston.ac.uk/research/bss/reality-television-working-practices-and-duties-care-recare-tv |
| Description | Training for postgraduate researchers |
| Geographic Reach | Local/Municipal/Regional |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Impact | The workshops received extremely positive feedback, with students describing it as 'the best training programme I've ever attended' and 'an inspiring course.' |
| Description | Article for online newspaper |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I wrote an article about duty of care for The Conversation - an online news website, where academics share their research with the public. The article has reached 1,942 people (as of 29/11/2024). |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| URL | https://theconversation.com/strictly-scandal-how-gaps-and-confusion-in-duty-of-care-plague-the-telev... |
| Description | Invitation to give a conference keynote |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I was invited to give a keynote speech to an audience of 250 people at a documentary conference in Zurich, after the organisers read a research paper about filmmaker-subject relationships I published last year. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2025 |
| URL | https://blog.zhdk.ch/zdok/25-intro_english/ |
| Description | Presentation at an international conference |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | I gave a presentation at an international conference in Melbourne, Australia, to an audience of around 50 academics and filmmakers, which sparked questions and discussion, and helped me to connect with a community of scholars who share my research interests. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
