WLP+ (Whole Life Performance Plus)
Lead Research Organisation:
Oxford Brookes University
Department Name: Faculty of Tech, Design and Environment
Abstract
Studies from academic literature have demonstrated that staff productivity can be increased by up to 20% by improving
Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) such as temperature control, lighting and indoor air quality. The Whole Life
Performance Plus (WLP+) project will deliver a proven methodology for defining and measuring worker productivity, a
statistically proven model of IEQ for improving worker productivity, a means of identifying poor office environments, a
methodology for reconfiguring poor office environments to make them more productive and a control system for optimising
IEQ in offices in real time. Our approach will also allow performance data from many buildings to be collected from our
control system which will sit over and integrate with existing building management and control systems.
The goal of the WLP+ project consortium is to enable commercial building owners to increase staff productivity by 10%
while reducing energy use by 30%; targets that we believe are achievable and realistic, based on existing evidence. Since
expenditure on staff is at least 40 times higher than expenditure on energy, this offers a strong business case for the WLP+
user. The WLP+ project will develop and demonstrate empirically a link between IEQ and staff productivity in contact (call)
centres and professional business services buildings where large volumes of staff utilisation, productivity and absenteeism
data are available. The project will then resolve how the IEQ model can be used to monitor and control building
management and other building control systems to deliver these optimised IEQ conditions over the course of a working day
for minimum energy input. The WLP+ software solution will dynamically control commercial buildings and identify
interventions that are required for clients to optimise their working environments and minimise their building energy use.
Our target market consists of three customers: end user owners, organisations that own and use their buildings, landlords
& developers, who build, manage and rent space to tenants and tenants who rent and use space from landlords. Each
market segment is different because of their economic drivers and ability to change or reconfigure their space.
The outcome of the project will be the creation of commercial software tool and consultancy offering, creating a business
for improving staff productivity.
The project consortium is led by an SME (LCMB), working in partnership with a major building occupier/owners (Kings
College and clients of Emcor FM), dissemination partners (British Council for Offices and Constructing Excellence), and a
University (Oxford Brookes University (OBU)). The project team brings together highly qualified and specialised individuals
with progressive end users to combine cutting edge academic knowledge, data management skills and business
intelligence that goes beyond the benefits each individual partner could achieve in isolation.
The project will include seven work packages (WPs):
- WP1: Project management and reporting
- WP2: Technical definition of the IEQ parameters, staff productivity and energy metrics using available datasets
- WP3: Baseline data capture on IEQ, productivity and energy use.
- WP4: Deploy improvement interventions to modify IEQ for enhancing productivity and reducing energy use in the test-bed
are.
- WP5: Software development of WLP+ protocol interface for deployment in building control and management systems of
future projects.
- WP6: Testing, validation and refinement of software tool by deploying in a case study commercial office building.
- WP7: Dissemination and knowledge exchange.
Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) such as temperature control, lighting and indoor air quality. The Whole Life
Performance Plus (WLP+) project will deliver a proven methodology for defining and measuring worker productivity, a
statistically proven model of IEQ for improving worker productivity, a means of identifying poor office environments, a
methodology for reconfiguring poor office environments to make them more productive and a control system for optimising
IEQ in offices in real time. Our approach will also allow performance data from many buildings to be collected from our
control system which will sit over and integrate with existing building management and control systems.
The goal of the WLP+ project consortium is to enable commercial building owners to increase staff productivity by 10%
while reducing energy use by 30%; targets that we believe are achievable and realistic, based on existing evidence. Since
expenditure on staff is at least 40 times higher than expenditure on energy, this offers a strong business case for the WLP+
user. The WLP+ project will develop and demonstrate empirically a link between IEQ and staff productivity in contact (call)
centres and professional business services buildings where large volumes of staff utilisation, productivity and absenteeism
data are available. The project will then resolve how the IEQ model can be used to monitor and control building
management and other building control systems to deliver these optimised IEQ conditions over the course of a working day
for minimum energy input. The WLP+ software solution will dynamically control commercial buildings and identify
interventions that are required for clients to optimise their working environments and minimise their building energy use.
Our target market consists of three customers: end user owners, organisations that own and use their buildings, landlords
& developers, who build, manage and rent space to tenants and tenants who rent and use space from landlords. Each
market segment is different because of their economic drivers and ability to change or reconfigure their space.
The outcome of the project will be the creation of commercial software tool and consultancy offering, creating a business
for improving staff productivity.
The project consortium is led by an SME (LCMB), working in partnership with a major building occupier/owners (Kings
College and clients of Emcor FM), dissemination partners (British Council for Offices and Constructing Excellence), and a
University (Oxford Brookes University (OBU)). The project team brings together highly qualified and specialised individuals
with progressive end users to combine cutting edge academic knowledge, data management skills and business
intelligence that goes beyond the benefits each individual partner could achieve in isolation.
The project will include seven work packages (WPs):
- WP1: Project management and reporting
- WP2: Technical definition of the IEQ parameters, staff productivity and energy metrics using available datasets
- WP3: Baseline data capture on IEQ, productivity and energy use.
- WP4: Deploy improvement interventions to modify IEQ for enhancing productivity and reducing energy use in the test-bed
are.
- WP5: Software development of WLP+ protocol interface for deployment in building control and management systems of
future projects.
- WP6: Testing, validation and refinement of software tool by deploying in a case study commercial office building.
- WP7: Dissemination and knowledge exchange.
Planned Impact
There are a number of different users and beneficiaries of the outputs of this research. We will ensure effective
engagement with each group as follows:
LANDLORDS AND OWNER-OCCUPIERS OF COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS will benefit from buildings with improved
capability to monitor and fine tune the indoor environment to increase productivity and reduce energy use. When this can
be demonstrated, it can become a valuable selling point for landlords, when marketing space for lease or sale.
OFFICE BASED BUSINESS (and THEIR OCCUPANTS): to identify one office based business the WLP+ project is
focussing on, there are approximately 166,000 contact centres companies across Europe. Employees of office based
businesses will directly benefit from more comfortable and enjoyable work places. The business owners are expected to
increase profitability from increased productivity.
BUILDING INDUSTRY: beneficiaries in the building industry include architects, designers, engineers, and building controls
suppliers. All of the above would benefit from the results regarding design and construction of buildings with better spatial
configurations which promote greater health, wellbeing and productivity, including integration of environmental controls
which respond to user needs.
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT, ITS AGENCIES and NON-GOVERNMENT AGENCIES: Government is expected to use WLP+
outputs to inform policy, impact assessments, and analyse industry's response to change. The Department for Work and
Pensions and the Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service (ACAS) will likely benefit from data collected and findings
regarding health and wellbeing of individuals working in office environments. As an example, the Department for Work and
Pensions has developed a tool to help employers calculate costs of poor employee health to their organisation and create a
business case for taking action. This tool and the background information used to develop it are expected to be improved
by the findings of WLP+.
ACADEMIC AND RESEARCH COMMUNITIES: We propose to share research results within the research community
through conferences and journal papers in the usual way. Oxford Brookes University (OBU) and British Council for Offices
would present the findings at relevant international academic conferences (PLEA 2016, Sustainable Building 2017),
industry events (Retroexpo, Ecobuild, CIBSE Research Symposium), and policy workshops (with DECC and DCLG).
LCMB team would disseminate the project outcomes through our memberships and task group work within Constructing
Excellence and BIFM. Publications will be made through academic journal articles and policy-relevant papers and an endof-
project workshop will be organised to communicate the findings to a wider audience. More detail is provided in
'Academic Beneficiaries'. For OBU specifically, the project would expand knowledge base into productivity metrics. IUK
funding will also allow research work to be demonstrated in real case study buildings owned and operated by King College
and clients of Emcor FM.
BROADER DISSEMINATION: In addition to those dissemination efforts detailed above, we will ensure an 'external'
presence throughout via press releases, web presence and promotion of the project by project partners and attendance of
conferences. The project team will actively consult the Modern Built Environment: Knowledge Transfer Network on
appropriate dissemination routes for different built environment audiences. Although our work will be disseminated
throughout the project, a workshop will be held at the end of the project to communicate the findings to a wider audience.
engagement with each group as follows:
LANDLORDS AND OWNER-OCCUPIERS OF COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS will benefit from buildings with improved
capability to monitor and fine tune the indoor environment to increase productivity and reduce energy use. When this can
be demonstrated, it can become a valuable selling point for landlords, when marketing space for lease or sale.
OFFICE BASED BUSINESS (and THEIR OCCUPANTS): to identify one office based business the WLP+ project is
focussing on, there are approximately 166,000 contact centres companies across Europe. Employees of office based
businesses will directly benefit from more comfortable and enjoyable work places. The business owners are expected to
increase profitability from increased productivity.
BUILDING INDUSTRY: beneficiaries in the building industry include architects, designers, engineers, and building controls
suppliers. All of the above would benefit from the results regarding design and construction of buildings with better spatial
configurations which promote greater health, wellbeing and productivity, including integration of environmental controls
which respond to user needs.
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT, ITS AGENCIES and NON-GOVERNMENT AGENCIES: Government is expected to use WLP+
outputs to inform policy, impact assessments, and analyse industry's response to change. The Department for Work and
Pensions and the Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service (ACAS) will likely benefit from data collected and findings
regarding health and wellbeing of individuals working in office environments. As an example, the Department for Work and
Pensions has developed a tool to help employers calculate costs of poor employee health to their organisation and create a
business case for taking action. This tool and the background information used to develop it are expected to be improved
by the findings of WLP+.
ACADEMIC AND RESEARCH COMMUNITIES: We propose to share research results within the research community
through conferences and journal papers in the usual way. Oxford Brookes University (OBU) and British Council for Offices
would present the findings at relevant international academic conferences (PLEA 2016, Sustainable Building 2017),
industry events (Retroexpo, Ecobuild, CIBSE Research Symposium), and policy workshops (with DECC and DCLG).
LCMB team would disseminate the project outcomes through our memberships and task group work within Constructing
Excellence and BIFM. Publications will be made through academic journal articles and policy-relevant papers and an endof-
project workshop will be organised to communicate the findings to a wider audience. More detail is provided in
'Academic Beneficiaries'. For OBU specifically, the project would expand knowledge base into productivity metrics. IUK
funding will also allow research work to be demonstrated in real case study buildings owned and operated by King College
and clients of Emcor FM.
BROADER DISSEMINATION: In addition to those dissemination efforts detailed above, we will ensure an 'external'
presence throughout via press releases, web presence and promotion of the project by project partners and attendance of
conferences. The project team will actively consult the Modern Built Environment: Knowledge Transfer Network on
appropriate dissemination routes for different built environment audiences. Although our work will be disseminated
throughout the project, a workshop will be held at the end of the project to communicate the findings to a wider audience.
Organisations
People |
ORCID iD |
Rajat Gupta (Principal Investigator) |
Publications
Cudmore T
(2017)
Clear for take-off
in CIBSE Journal
Gu N
(2020)
Special double edition: socio-technological approaches to understanding and measuring building performance
in Architectural Science Review
Gupta R
(2019)
Investigating the relationship between indoor environment and workplace productivity in naturally and mechanically ventilated office environments
in Building Services Engineering Research and Technology
Gupta R
(2020)
Defining the link between indoor environment and workplace productivity in a modern UK office building
in Architectural Science Review
Gupta R
An empirical investigation of the link between indoor environment and workplace productivity in a UK office building
in Building and Environment
Gupta R
(2020)
Comparative evaluation of measured and perceived indoor environmental conditions in naturally and mechanically ventilated office environments
in Building Simulation
Description | We all instinctively know that poor Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) leads to dissatisfied, unproductive and unwell building occupants. However, till now the relationship between IEQ and productivity has not been measured, or even defined outside the laboratory. The main objective of the Whole Life Performance Plus (WLP+) project was to gain an empirical, evidence-based understanding how to optimise working conditions and improve the building user experience, performance and productivity in the real world. The project demonstrated that optimising indoor environmental quality will allow workers to perform at increased cognitive capability, speed and accuracy of work and output. Harnessed in the right way, it is up to businesses to convert this increased output into company-wide productivity, competitiveness, resource utilisation (both human and real estate assets), return on investment and improved bottom lines. Combine this conclusion with the fact that every building we reviewed could be optimised, there is a strong investment case for organisations to review and improve IEQ in all existing buildings and for optimising them in new or refurbished workplaces. A summary of our main findings are listed here: - Workplace performance is both positively and negatively impacted by IEQ, particularly temperature and CO2. By optimising indoor environmental quality, we see improvements in staff cognitive capability, speed and accuracy of work and output. From this we conclude that optimising IEQ in both existing and new buildings will enhance workplace performance and productivity. - Existing Building Management Systems (BMS) and Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) solutions are typically not sufficiently flexible or granular to optimise workplace IEQ performance. - Examining Indoor Environmental Quality at a more granular level than typical standard building zoning identifies IEQ issues within the workplace. We also uncovered hidden performance issues within the HVAC, BMS and mechanical and electrical infrastructure of the case study buildings. - Perceived overall comfort has a positive correlation with perceived change in productivity, and an occupant's willingness to tolerate certain indoor environmental conditions appears to be influenced by their workplace experience and expectation. This means occupants can become more accepting of IEQ conditions which are sub-optimal for their performance where people have grown used to sub-optimal conditions over time. Analysing existing workplace IEQ will help identify this untapped potential for performance improvement. - Organisations struggle to define, measure and track productivity. Interestingly, the organisations that improve workplace environments also find ways to measure productivity. The end result is that these organisations benefit from empirically improved worker engagement and productivity which we believe will lead to improved organisational business performance. - The project consortium members have developed an approach and methodology for optimising IEQ and workplace performance. This methodology can now be used to support the business case for implementing improvements in existing and new buildings based on the learning from this project. We summarise the basis for this approach in the report. |
Exploitation Route | The project findings are being used by British Council for Offices (BCO) to provide guidance to industry about optimising the indoor environment to improve work place productivity. BCO has published the project report, summary of findings, convened the final project event and also held intermediary events. Businesses such as Emcor (Facilty Management company) and LCMB (Building performance consultancy) are using the findings of the study to provide expert advice to their clients to improve their indoor environment and work place productivity. Owners of large estate such as Kings College and National Air Traffic Service (NATS) are utilising the learning from the project to improve their own office stock. Constructing Excellence has disseminated the findings of the project to their members interested in design, construction and operation of buildings nationally. The impact of the project is evident from tweets made by various organisations following the launch of the project findings on 29 November 2018 - https://twitter.com/hashtag/TheProductiveOffice?src=hash?=en?=en |
Sectors | Construction Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software) Environment |
URL | https://wlpplus.com/ |
Description | The project has given deeper insights into the link between indoor environment and workplace productivity. The new knowledge has led to several publications in national and international conferences (see dissemination section). The research results have been endorsed by organisations such as British Council for Offices (BCO) which has helped in generating impact from the research. We launched the final report of the WLP+ project - Improving productivity in the work place: lessons learnt and insights from the Whole Life Performance Plus project on 29 November 2018 in London (https://twitter.com/hashtag/TheProductiveOffice?src=hash?=en?=en). The report was published by the British Council for Offices who also organised the launch event that was attended by over 100 delegates from industry, academia and policy-making. A summary of findings was also published and shared with the delegates. Internationally the project findings have been presented at six conferences in USA, Hong Kong and UK. We presented early findings of our project on linking indoor environment and workplace productivity at the British Council for Offices (BCO) event in London in November 2017. The event was attended by 200 delegates from construction, facilities management, energy management and property owners. At the BCO event, we also launched a briefing from our project which is available from the BCO website - http://www.bco.org.uk/Research/Publications/Whole_Life_Performance_Plus.aspx We also presented the findings of the project to Constructing Excellence Asset Management Group in 2016. This is a national group (chaired by project's industry partner - LCMB) responsible for identifying how built assets can be more effectively procured and operated to help organisations deliver their vision, strategy and objectives. We have also produced an article on the project in the trade journal of Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers that goes out to all the building services engineers. Locally we have presented the early findings to Oxford based property related organisations at an Oxford Futures Seminar in January 2017. Since the project partners include Argent, Emcor and Kings College Facility Management department, they are gaining from regular meetings and engagement with the academic team. |
First Year Of Impact | 2015 |
Sector | Construction,Education,Environment |
Impact Types | Societal |
Description | British Council for Offices Briefing: Whole life performance plus - defining the relationship between indoor environmental quality and workplace productivity |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Implementation circular/rapid advice/letter to e.g. Ministry of Health |
Impact | The briefing has informed facilities management teams and property portfolio owners on the link between optimising indoor environment and improving workplace productivity. |
URL | http://www.bco.org.uk/Research/Publications/Whole_Life_Performance_Plus.aspx |
Description | Gupta, R. (2016) Whole Life Performance plus (WLP+): INVITED LECTURE. Constructing Excellence Asset Management Event, 25 May 2016, LONDON. |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | INVITED LECTURE. Constructing Excellence Asset Management Event, 25 May 2016, LONDON. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Gupta, R., (2017) Whole Life performance plus research: Investigating the relationship between IEQ and productivity in workspaces. Oxford Futures Seminar, 26 January 2017, OXFORD. |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Conference presentation at Oxford Futures Seminar, 26 January 2017, OXFORD. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | Gupta, R., Cudmore, T. and Bruce-Konuah, A. (2016) Enhancing occupant productivity through improvement of indoor environmental conditions. UK Indoor Environments Group 2016 Conference, 15 June 2016, COVENTRY. |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Conference presentation at UK Indoor Environments Group 2016 Conference, 15 June 2016, COVENTRY. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | R Gupta (2016) "Whole Life Performance Plus overview" - CE Asset Management event |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Event presentation which led to Q&A and discussion afterwards |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | R Gupta (2017) "Workplace optimisation: how do you measure productivity and indoor environmental conditions?" - IFM magazine article. |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Magazine article describing the methodology of the project. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | R Gupta + project partners (2018) "New UK research shows high CO2 concentrations in offices are decreasing people's cognitive capability" - Press release |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | Press release agreed on by all project partners summarising the key findings from the project, to be distributed to industry, academic and professional audiences. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | R Gupta and A Bruce: "Meta-study on assessing the relationship between IEQ and productivity in office buildings" - presentation at UKIEG 2017 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Presentation. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | R Gupta and A Howard (2018) "A real-world empirical investigation of indoor environment and workplace productivity in a naturally-ventilated office environment" - Windsor Conference 2018 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Conference presentation, which led to questions and discussion afterwards. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | R Gupta and A Howard (2018) "An empirical investigation of the link between indoor environment and workplace productivity in an UK office building" - PLEA conference, Hong Kong |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Presentation which led to discussion afterwards. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | R Gupta and A Howard (2018) "Coincidental measurement of indoor environment and workplace productivity in a modern UK office building" - UKIEG conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Presentation which led to Q&A and discussion afterwards |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | R Gupta and A Howard (2018) "Improving productivity in the workplace: Lessons learnt and insights from the Whole Life Performance Plus project" (BCO booklet) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | BCO published booklet with contributions from all project partners, distributed at BCO Breakfast Seminar event (Nov 2018) and available to BCO members (free) and others on request. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | R Gupta and A Howard (2018) "Investigating the link between indoor environment and workplace productivity in an office environment" - Indoor Air conference, Philadelphia USA |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Presentation and discussion, which led to discussion and questions afterwards. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | R Gupta and T Cudmore (2017) "Clear for take-off" - CIBSE journal article |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Magazine article in CIBSE journal introducing the project and its aims. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | R Gupta, "The Productive Office" - BCO Breakfast Seminar @ Wedlake Bell, Mansion House, London |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | End-of-project presentation featuring all project partners, hosted by British Council of Offices (BCO), with members of BCO invited. Presented results, key findings and learning outcomes from the project. Included Q&A session at the end. Much interest and engagement from the audience. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | R Gupta, A Bruce and J Ahmed (2017) "Meta-study of energy use, occupant satisfaction and productivity in low energy education and office buildings" - TEDDINET-Ctech symposium, London |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Conference presentation which led to discussion afterwards. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | R Gupta, M Gregg and A Howard (2018) "Comparative evaluation of actual energy use, occupant satisfaction and productivity in nine low energy office buildings" - poster at CIBSE London event |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Poster presentation which led to questions and discussion with symposium attendees. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | R Gupta, T Cudmore and A Bruce (2016) "Desktop investigation to examine the relationship between indoor environmental conditions and productivity in work spaces" - SEEDS 2016 conference presentation |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Conference presentation and conference paper. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |