Intelligent Designing of PV Systems to deal with Partial Shading Effects.

The immense use of electronic appliances in this era, rapid consumption of fossil fuels, atmospheric issues, and energy crisis have attracted wide attention toward the usage and exploration of renewable energy (RE). Photovoltaic (PV) energy is an abundantly available source among RE sources because it is universal, freely available, and eco-friendly. Also, it has fewer operational and maintenance costs and is economically attractive for a longer duration of time with several other benefits. PV systems have been in high demand over the past decade with their total global installation amount of more than 500 GW. Clean electrical energy can be obtained from solar energy using PV arrays. PV arrays are made by making parallel and series combinations of PV modules that make a basic part of PV systems. The PV array has a high nonlinear relation between output current and voltage and it depends mainly on atmospheric conditions like temperature and irradiance. Furthermore, there are many internal and external factors affecting the output efficiency of PV systems such as solar irradiance, series, and parallel resistance, internal temperature, diode factor, load, PV array surface, shadow, dirt, etc., The uniform and non-uniform distribution of irradiance over the PV arrays gives rise to conditions called uniform shading condition (USC) and partial shading condition (PSC) respectively. The partial shading can occur due to several objects i.e., clouds, trees, buildings, a flying plane, a flying bird, etc. In this research work, a detailed investigation will be carried out to mitigate the partial shading effects through MPP tracking, Array reconfiguration, and system modeling. The simulations will be carried out on Matlab/Simulink and hardware implementation will be carried out to validate the results. The proposed work will be compared with recent works in literature to prove its effectiveness.