Acts/Crimes of solidarity: an ethnographic study of illegalisation and criminalisation amongst pro-migration activists and other citizens
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Manchester
Department Name: Social Sciences
Abstract
As irregular migration into Europe remains at the centre of heated political debates, 'citizens' (including charity workers, activists, volunteers etc.) who provide help to 'irregular migrants' increasingly face intimidation, repression and prosecution from state authorities. There has been a rise in high-profile cases such as French farmer Herrou sentenced to prison for facilitating irregular entry at the French-Italian border, and Spanish activist Helena Maleno, accused by both Spain and Morocco of smuggling migrants. The activities for which individuals (and organizations) can be prosecuted are diverse and whether such activities are criminal is often contested: giving a lift to migrants, providing food or shelter, preventing a plane used for deportation from taking off, helping migrants to cross borders without documents, rescuing people at sea etc. Activists have coined the term 'crimes of solidarity', arguing that repressive legislations have been deployed not only to sanction criminals (e.g. 'smugglers') who benefit financially, but also to potentially sanction anyone providing help and relief to migrants, in defiance of international norms of human rights.
This study explores these illegalisation and criminalisation processes amongst volunteers, activists, practitioners and other citizens in Morocco and France, where Civil Society Organisations have denounced state repression against migrants trying to cross the sea to continue their journeys and those providing assistance to them. It brings to the fore the shifting boundaries between 'citizens' and 'irregular migrants' and debates over solidarity and illegality. Whilst scholars have increasingly paid attention to the production of illegality amongst migrants, there has been little work on how such processes also affect the political agency and subjectivity of citizens. The study will address this gap by generating qualitative data on how citizens are subjected to and navigate illegalisation and criminalisation processes. It examines these processes in a European country (France) and one of its partners in the Global South (Morocco) for the 'management of migration'. This comparative approach enables to further highlight how hostile migration politics are entangled with a range of connections across Africa and Europe and competing discourses over values such as solidarity. To address the methodological and ethical issues which emerge from researching such politically contentious matters, this ethnographic study will combine participant-observation and interviews with visual methods to generate outputs with transformative power.
Co-designed and co-delivered with civil society partners to ensure cross-sector relevance, the project includes two Knowledge Exchange and Impact events (in France and in Morocco) to bring together practitioners, activists, researchers, artists and policy-makers. These events will foster wider cross-sector collaborations through the sharing of best practice and solutions to the criminalisation of solidarity towards migrants. The KEI events will include the launch of country-specific policy briefs about: the legal framework and risks faced by activists; testimonials and evidence-based policy recommendations on practices and policies. The policy briefs will be aimed to relevant state bodies and decision-makers and other research users in France, Morocco and beyond. The project will also entail one international workshop in Manchester with delegates from across and beyond academia to share findings and responses to the criminalisation of acts of solidarity towards irregular migrants in Europe and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Creative outputs (e.g. photographs, videos) generated through the use of visual methods will result in a touring exhibition organised with a curator to increase awareness and understanding of migration issues and criminalisation processes amongst the general public in Morocco, France and beyond.
This study explores these illegalisation and criminalisation processes amongst volunteers, activists, practitioners and other citizens in Morocco and France, where Civil Society Organisations have denounced state repression against migrants trying to cross the sea to continue their journeys and those providing assistance to them. It brings to the fore the shifting boundaries between 'citizens' and 'irregular migrants' and debates over solidarity and illegality. Whilst scholars have increasingly paid attention to the production of illegality amongst migrants, there has been little work on how such processes also affect the political agency and subjectivity of citizens. The study will address this gap by generating qualitative data on how citizens are subjected to and navigate illegalisation and criminalisation processes. It examines these processes in a European country (France) and one of its partners in the Global South (Morocco) for the 'management of migration'. This comparative approach enables to further highlight how hostile migration politics are entangled with a range of connections across Africa and Europe and competing discourses over values such as solidarity. To address the methodological and ethical issues which emerge from researching such politically contentious matters, this ethnographic study will combine participant-observation and interviews with visual methods to generate outputs with transformative power.
Co-designed and co-delivered with civil society partners to ensure cross-sector relevance, the project includes two Knowledge Exchange and Impact events (in France and in Morocco) to bring together practitioners, activists, researchers, artists and policy-makers. These events will foster wider cross-sector collaborations through the sharing of best practice and solutions to the criminalisation of solidarity towards migrants. The KEI events will include the launch of country-specific policy briefs about: the legal framework and risks faced by activists; testimonials and evidence-based policy recommendations on practices and policies. The policy briefs will be aimed to relevant state bodies and decision-makers and other research users in France, Morocco and beyond. The project will also entail one international workshop in Manchester with delegates from across and beyond academia to share findings and responses to the criminalisation of acts of solidarity towards irregular migrants in Europe and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Creative outputs (e.g. photographs, videos) generated through the use of visual methods will result in a touring exhibition organised with a curator to increase awareness and understanding of migration issues and criminalisation processes amongst the general public in Morocco, France and beyond.
Planned Impact
The project aims to directly impact the lives of activists and other citizens (e.g. volunteers, practitioners) facing repression, intimidation and prosecution for providing assistance to migrants considered illegal by state authorities in Morocco and France. It is also relevant to other contexts of 'crimes of solidarity' across Europe (e.g. Italy, UK) and the MENA region (e.g. Algeria, Tunisia). Co-designed and co-delivered with Project Partners in Morocco and France (GADEM and PSMigrants), the project will impact direct beneficiaries (i.e. individuals and organisations directly involved in the project) and indirect beneficiaries (those not directly involved in the project's activities but who will benefit from outcomes) in France, Morocco and beyond.
1. ACTIVISTS, PRACTITIONERS, VOLUNTEERS AND OTHER CITIZENS PROVIDING SUPPORT TO 'IRREGULAR MIGRANTS'. By providing accessible and multilingual (French, Arabic and English) information about policies and practices, the policy briefs will enhance capacity, knowledge and access to rights amongst those under risks of prosecution for providing assistance to 'irregular' migrants (including local and national organisations such as CIMADE, ATTAC Maroc and activists from beyond France and Morocco such as British citizens around Calais). The touring and online exhibition, linked to other local cultural events about migration (e.g. Migrant'Scène festival in Morocco), will improve awareness and understanding of issues affecting volunteers and activists amongst the general publics in France, Morocco and beyond as irregular migration continues to feature prominently in public debates.
2. CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANISATIONS (INCLUDING RESEARCH PARTNERS) WORKING ON MIGRATION. Project Partner CSOs will benefit directly from the enhancement of their organisational culture and research and advocacy capacity through the co-design and co-delivery of the research project. The study will increase their capacity to support and guide their staff, volunteers and associated professionals in navigating migration policies through the sharing of best practice and knowledge exchange during the two KEI events and the international workshop. More generally, local and national CSOs in Morocco and France (e.g. Caritas, Red Cross, Care4Calais, AMDH, France Terre d' Asile) and in similar contexts in Europe and the MENA region, will benefit in the long-term (beyond the project life-cycle) from enhanced research and advocacy capacity through the dissemination of the policy briefs and the cross-sector special issue via the website, Project Partners' networks across Europe, Africa and the Middle East, and the PI's contacts through other UKRI-GCRF funded research projects on migration in Morocco and the wider Maghreb region.
3. POLICY AND OTHER DECISION-MAKERS. There is a gap in research evidence exploring how migration politics target and affect not just migrants but also citizens. This project's results will benefit relevant policy-makers and state bodies in France and Morocco (i.e. Parliamentary working groups on migration and Ministries of Justice, Interior and of Migration), international institutions with a presence in France and Morocco (e.g. IOM and UNHCR), and institutions beyond the two countries (African Union, European Union Commission, and in the United Kingdom the Foreign & Commonwealth Office, Home Office, and All-Party Parliamentary Group on migration and refugees) will benefit from multilingual, up-to-date, evidence-based research findings (in the form of country-specific policy briefs) to inform changes in practice, policy, and legislation (i.e. on assistance to irregular migration) at local, national, and transnational levels (including in border regions with third-countries such as the French-English border).
1. ACTIVISTS, PRACTITIONERS, VOLUNTEERS AND OTHER CITIZENS PROVIDING SUPPORT TO 'IRREGULAR MIGRANTS'. By providing accessible and multilingual (French, Arabic and English) information about policies and practices, the policy briefs will enhance capacity, knowledge and access to rights amongst those under risks of prosecution for providing assistance to 'irregular' migrants (including local and national organisations such as CIMADE, ATTAC Maroc and activists from beyond France and Morocco such as British citizens around Calais). The touring and online exhibition, linked to other local cultural events about migration (e.g. Migrant'Scène festival in Morocco), will improve awareness and understanding of issues affecting volunteers and activists amongst the general publics in France, Morocco and beyond as irregular migration continues to feature prominently in public debates.
2. CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANISATIONS (INCLUDING RESEARCH PARTNERS) WORKING ON MIGRATION. Project Partner CSOs will benefit directly from the enhancement of their organisational culture and research and advocacy capacity through the co-design and co-delivery of the research project. The study will increase their capacity to support and guide their staff, volunteers and associated professionals in navigating migration policies through the sharing of best practice and knowledge exchange during the two KEI events and the international workshop. More generally, local and national CSOs in Morocco and France (e.g. Caritas, Red Cross, Care4Calais, AMDH, France Terre d' Asile) and in similar contexts in Europe and the MENA region, will benefit in the long-term (beyond the project life-cycle) from enhanced research and advocacy capacity through the dissemination of the policy briefs and the cross-sector special issue via the website, Project Partners' networks across Europe, Africa and the Middle East, and the PI's contacts through other UKRI-GCRF funded research projects on migration in Morocco and the wider Maghreb region.
3. POLICY AND OTHER DECISION-MAKERS. There is a gap in research evidence exploring how migration politics target and affect not just migrants but also citizens. This project's results will benefit relevant policy-makers and state bodies in France and Morocco (i.e. Parliamentary working groups on migration and Ministries of Justice, Interior and of Migration), international institutions with a presence in France and Morocco (e.g. IOM and UNHCR), and institutions beyond the two countries (African Union, European Union Commission, and in the United Kingdom the Foreign & Commonwealth Office, Home Office, and All-Party Parliamentary Group on migration and refugees) will benefit from multilingual, up-to-date, evidence-based research findings (in the form of country-specific policy briefs) to inform changes in practice, policy, and legislation (i.e. on assistance to irregular migration) at local, national, and transnational levels (including in border regions with third-countries such as the French-English border).
Publications

Bachelet S
(2023)
Migration, race, and gender: the policing of subversive solidarity actors in Morocco
in L'Année du Maghreb


Hagan M
(2023)
Insidious Harassment: Criminalisation, Solidarity, and Migration in France and Morocco
in Antipode
Title | Hors-Champ Exhibition |
Description | An exhibition of a series of photographs commissioned from artist Amine Oulmakki held in Tangier (Morocco) |
Type Of Art | Artistic/Creative Exhibition |
Year Produced | 2024 |
Impact | The exhibition was organised in partnership with Morocco-based creative practitioners (a photographer, a designer, a cultural organisation) to raise awareness of the issues affecting solidarity workers and to foster dialogue and exchanges amongst stakeholders and other research users (e.g. Moroccan general public, NGO practitioners, human rights activists etc.) around key social and political issues pertaining to the governance of migration, and the infringement of civil liberties. The exhibition has been opened to the public in a cultural venue in Tangier (Morocco) since 16/12/2023. It will be visible to the public until march. Over 50 people attended the opening night. |
Title | Illustrations |
Description | A series of 10 illustrations by Loup Blaster - a Calais-based artist and activist - on the themes of repression, solidarity, and migration. These were included in the project report "We know who you are". |
Type Of Art | Artwork |
Year Produced | 2023 |
Impact | These illustrations have been widely disseminated along with the report - available in English, French, and Arabic - amongst NGO workers, human rights activists, practitioners from humanitarian organisations, charity workers, journalists in France, Morocco, the UK, and beyond. |
URL | https://sebastienbachelet.com/crimes-of-solidarity |
Title | Photography series |
Description | A series of 11 photographs commissioned from Moroccan visual artist Amine Oulmakki for the project. |
Type Of Art | Artwork |
Year Produced | 2023 |
Impact | The photographs have been used as part of public engagement activities (see exhibition) to raise awareness of the issues affecting solidarity workers and to foster dialogue and exchanges amongst stakeholders and other research users (e.g. Moroccan general public, NGO practitioners, human rights activists etc.) around key social and political issues pertaining to the governance of migration, and the infringement of civil liberties. |
URL | https://sebastienbachelet.com/crimes-of-solidarity |
Title | digital exhibition 'Being (im)mobile in a world of movement: a visual exploration of migratory experiences' |
Description | Along with my colleague Dr Elena Borisova, I curated an exhibition entitled "Being (im)mobile in a world of movement" as part of the ESRC festival of science in 2021 (the exhibition is still available online throughout 2022). Our exhibition showcased together cutting-edge social science research on migration conducted at the University of Manchester by eleven researchers from various disciplines across the faculty of Humanities. Through the visual exploration of migratory experiences and story-telling, we wanted to convey to the wider public a more grounded sense of what it means to be moving or 'staying put' in a world where movement is presented as a universal aspiration. Our exhibition sheds light on how large-scale global economic, political and social processes shape people's everyday experiences of movement and stillness in different corners of the world: from the UK and Europe to the Middle East, the Caribbean, and Central Asia. The exhibition's creative pieces include 11 images accompanied by a short text each. |
Type Of Art | Artistic/Creative Exhibition |
Year Produced | 2021 |
Impact | The website and exhibition were visited by hundreds of online visitors, including academics, students, doctoral researchers, NGO workers, and members of the general public. The website also includes a specific section to provide tools for schools and teachers to discuss migration matters and challenge dominant discourses and representations in class. Visitors are invited to contribute to the exhibition through sharing their own images and texts to reflect upon the intersections between movement and stillness in their own lives or those of their close ones. |
URL | http://www.migrationexperiences.uk |
Description | The project has generated original insights into how hostile migration politics that selectively manage, stop, deter, and control forms of mobility also target individuals and organisations providing forms of support, assistance, aid to migrant people. The project has shed light on how state authorities in France and Morocco deploy indirect, opaque, and insidious forms of harassment to intimidate 'subversive solidarity actors': citizens engaging in acts of solidarity with migrant people who publicly or covertly engage in a critical stance on migration control policies and practices. This research emphasises the importance of taking the policing of solidarity actors into account to understand the policing of migration more broadly, detailing how the racist and gendered policing of migrant people bleeds into the disciplining of those who support them. While attention to citizen solidarity has focused on European countries, the phenomenon is also visible in countries south of the Mediterranean. Spectacular trials have made the headlines. Our research findings shed light on the workings of less spectacular modes of criminalisation that target solidarity workers in the intimacy of their everyday lives, threatening their sense of security through opaque surveillance, attacks on their emotions, employment prospects and family life. We conceptualise this mode of criminalisation as 'insidious harassment', examining the entanglement of geopolitics, emotions, and the intimate at these migration pressure points. Without decentring migrants as the primary targets of violent bordering, it broadens our understanding of these regimes by drawing attention to the ways in which they viscerally target those who work to protect the rights of migrant people. The project's findings highlight how forms of criminalisation range widely, from the explicit and physical to the intimate and psychological; from the formal to the informal, the banal to the spectacular. The findings reveal that states invest considerable resources - money, human resources (official & unofficial) and time - in seeking to inflict a sense of constant surveillance and discomfort on solidarity actors. Many of the people we spoke to suspected that these indirect and opaque forms of state violence represent a way to protect the appearance and reputation of these states as rights-respecting, while in fact they pursue a dedicated campaign of trying to harass migrant people and those who support them into submission. The effects of insidious harassment are multiple: they are financial, administrative, emotional, psychological, physical and sometimes legal. Beyond just impacting practices of solidarity, they work to target solidarity actors on a moral and on practical levels, with repercussions on their work, family and social lives. This constitutes a protracted and everyday pressure that often works to disrupt solidarity actors' sense of safety within and trust of the authorities and nation state. However, achieving an overview and in-depth understanding of these modes of policing and how they play out may contribute to reducing these effects. This research project has also shed light on how in contexts where repression is constantly squeezed and solidarity actors face damaging state practices, their commitment to rectifying social injustices and wrongs is also galvanised. |
Exploitation Route | Outcomes from the project are contributing to ongoing inter-disciplinary, academic discussions about bordering, migration, and the targeting of civil society initiatives. They are also embedded in local and transnational efforts by individuals and organisations to analyse and respond to the criminalisation of solidarity initiatives. The project' significant and original insights include the articulation of the notion of insidious harassment and its gendered and racialised dynamics as explored in academic outputs (2 peer-reviewed articles so far). This contribution will inform and shape further academic discussions on hostile migration politics and how bordering practices and discourses target citizens and civil society organisations. The project has also identified and outlined avenues for further research on arising and shifting processes related to migration, activism, and repression (e.g. online anti-migration campaigns and the circulation of far-right ideas amongst Moroccan citizens targeting migrant people and human-rights organisations) which the PI intends to pursue through subsequent funding-applications. The project has also generated a number of non-academic and creative outputs (report in English, French, and Arabic), blogposts, photographic exhibition which have been deployed for Knowledge Exchange and Impact as well as Public Engagement activities in Morocco, France, and the UK. These tools will continue to be used by civil society organisations and activists to raise awareness amongst the wider public about the issues analysed in this project, foster dialogue and exchanges between organisations and individuals on how to analyse and respond to insidious forms of harassment, and engage with decision-makers within national and international politics of migration. |
Sectors | Communities and Social Services/Policy Government Democracy and Justice |
URL | https://sebastienbachelet.com/crimes-of-solidarity |
Description | The project has fostered spaces for reflections on the criminalisation of solidarity towards migrants in France and Morocco amongst practitioners and activists, notably through workshops organised in both countries with delegates from Morocco and France. These discusssions have influenced reflections and practice amongst participants and their organisations on how best to mitigate and respond to insidious forms of harassment targeting individuals and organisationsin both sites. These reflections, generated by the project and its activities, are still ongoing - there are further activities planned to enhance impact in 2024. The award has not yet terminated and data on impact is still being collected. |
First Year Of Impact | 2022 |
Sector | Government, Democracy and Justice,Other |
Impact Types | Societal |
Description | "Traitors to Morocco": a campaign of harassment and racist abuse targets a human rights association - blogpost |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Blog-post entry (co-authored with Dr Maria Hagan) to disseminate findings and results from the study with a wider audience across and beyond academia (especially third sector organisations and activists involved in migration issues). |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
URL | https://blogs.law.ox.ac.uk/border-criminologies-blog/blog-post/2024/02/traitors-morocco-campaign-har... |
Description | '"Shall we always cry then?" Laughter, suffering, and irregular migration' |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Over 20 people, including established researchers from across social sciences, Postgraduate students, and undergraduate students attended this talk in which I discussed issues pertaining to illegality and migration, generating lively and engaging discussion and debates after the talk - invited by the Glasgow Sociology Department as part of their seminar series. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Acts of Solidarity and Criminalisation Workshop - Rabat |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | I have organised a knowledge-exchange and best practice workshop on 9th May 2022 in Rabat (Morocco) with 15 participants (practitioners, activists, NGO workers ) from humanitarian organisations, advocacy organisations, community groups located across Morocco and two participants from a French organisation. Discussions were centred on the criminalisation of solidarity and advocacy work on migration. The event has provided additional data for research outputs intended for a broader audience (e.g. reports, exhibition) planned for 2023 and 2024. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Blog-post : The Criminalisation of Migrant Solidarity Actors in the British Tabloid Press |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | Blog-post entry (co-authored with Dr Maria Hagan) to disseminate partial results from the study with a wider audience across and beyond academia (especially third sector organisations and activists involved in migration issues). |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
URL | https://blogs.law.ox.ac.uk/border-criminologies-blog/blog-post/2023/05/criminalisation-migrant-solid... |
Description | How solidarity with migrant people is stifled at the France-UK border (Allegra blogpost) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Blog-post entry (co-authored with Dr Maria Hagan) to disseminate findings and results from the study with a wider audience across and beyond academia (especially third sector organisations and activists involved in migration issues). |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
URL | https://allegralaboratory.net/how-solidarity-with-migrant-people-is-stifled-at-the-france-uk-border/ |
Description | KEI workshop and report launch - Calais |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | Monday 30th October Calais 25 people (including study participants, journalists, NGO workers, activists etc.) attended the launch of the project report in Calais. This event was an opportunity for participants to collectively reflect on the issues explored in the project (repression, solidarity, migration) with a focus on both France and Morocco, exchange best practice, share insights, and discuss ways forward for actors active in humanitarian and human-rights organisations supporting migrant people but facing harassment from the authorities. The event sparked rich discussions and participants noted how valuable the report and debate had been - notably to reflect on the similarities between how solidarity workers are targeted by the authorities in France and Morocco, and how they can respond. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
Description | KEI workshop and report launch - Casablanca |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | Tuesday 24th October Casablanca 15 people (including study participants, journalists, NGO workers, activists etc.) attended the launch of the project report in Casablanca. This event was an opportunity for participants to collectively reflect on the issues explored in the project (repression, solidarity, migration) with a focus on both France and Morocco, exchange best practice, share insights, and discuss ways forward for actors active in humanitarian and human-rights organisations supporting migrant people but facing harassment from the authorities. The event sparked rich discussions and participants noted how valuable the report and debate had been - notably to reflect on the similarities between how solidarity workers are targeted by the authorities in France and Morocco, and how they can respond. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
Description | Talk - The insidious harassment of solidarity actors supporting migrant people in France and Morocco |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Over 25 people - researchers, post-graduate students, activists and practitioners - attended a talk about the project and its findings as part of a wider symposium for the launch of the Humanitarian Studies Centre at Erasmus Amsterdam University (31-08-2023). |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
URL | https://www.iss.nl/en/events/launch-humanitarian-studies-centre-2023-08-31 |
Description | Website for digital exhibition - Being (im)mobile in a world of movement |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Digital website for the online exhibition "Being (im)mobile in a world of movement" (Co-curated with Dr Elena Borisova) which reached hundreds of visitors from the general public. A section dedicated to teachers and pre-university students offered teaching materials to contextualise the exhibition and challenge dominant discourses and representations of migration. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021,2022 |
URL | http://www.migrationexperiences.uk |
Description | Website to foster engagement amongst non-academic users with the project |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | This website holds information about the research project and is directed towards activists, practitioners, artists, researchers, policy-makers, informants, and other key actors amongst research users and beneficiaries. The website hosts copies of the creative and visual outputs and links to publications for easy access. Details about the website were shared via social media and other communication channels involving academic and non-academic audiences in the UK, EU, Morocco, and beyond. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
URL | https://sebastienbachelet.com/crimes-of-solidarity |
Description | Workshop on criminalisation and acts of solidarity in Calais |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | I have organised a knowledge-exchange and best practice workshop on 8th November 2022 in Calais (France) with over 15 participants from advocacy groups, relief organisations and churches across northern France, as well as one participant from a Moroccan organisation. Discussions were centred on the criminalisation of solidarity and advocacy work on migration in both countries, with reflections about how to respond to such criminalisation and the sharing of best-practice amongst participants. The two events have provided additional data for research outputs intended for a broader audience (e.g. reports, exhibition) planned for 2023 and 2024. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |