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ICF: Socially Assistive Walker To Promote The Health And Well-being In Older Adults

Lead Research Organisation: University of the West of England
Department Name: Faculty of Environment and Technology

Abstract

This proposal is based on robust evidence around the need for physical and social care during ageing. Assistance and monitoring are required to secure better health and wellbeing for individuals as they age. As isolation and reduced access to health services are critical issues for older adults, we need to develop a robotic assistive tool that will push the boundaries of existing physical assistive devices by integrating the functionalities of a social agent to address isolation, loneliness, and diminished independence. This project will develop a multimodal robotic platform to assist and monitor people with neurodegenerative conditions associated with typical and atypical ageing and the potential development of mental health conditions.
Mobility and balance are commonly compromised in older adults, with the costs associated with falls estimated at £2.3 billion/year. Despite efforts to develop assistive robots to support older adults during the last 20 years, such as exoskeletons, smart walkers, and social robots, they are far from actual user adoption due to lack of wearability, robustness, and cost issues. This project will embed affordable and tangible robotic technology on the walker frames already adopted by mid-fragile older adults to generate a novel co-designed robot with physical and social interaction capabilities interconnected with carers and families to present a promising solution to empower our healthcare system.
With ten years of research in gait assistance and rehabilitation and human-robot interaction, the PI and his multidisciplinary team are ideally placed to explore this research opportunity. The group, composed of biorobotics and healthcare experts along with the NHS and ageing private organisations, will work for 24 months to address the needs of older adults with the help of healthcare technology.
SAW-Health includes (1) Activities of Daily Living (ADL) assistance and autonomy: The robot provides path planning, navigation, localisation, and guidance in multiple scenarios to enable autonomy and independence. (2) Gait assistance and physical activity monitoring: To assist patients with motor disabilities and induce physical activity. A wearable sensor architecture will gather biomechanical and physiological information from the user to estimate gait quality and the overall user's health state. (3) Social interaction: The robot will integrate the functionalities of a social agent to provide companionship to the users with cutting-edge technology. The final goal is to compare the usability of the implemented robotic system with a traditional walker in healthy older adults in care homes and independent houses.

Technical Summary

This proposal is grounded in compelling evidence of ageing individuals' physical and social care needs. As neurodegenerative conditions associated with typical and atypical ageing pose significant challenges, assistance and monitoring are critical to promoting health and wellbeing in older people. With isolation and limited access to healthcare services being prevalent issues among older adults, this project aims to develop a multimodal robotic platform that embeds affordable technology onto the frames of walkers that mid-fragile older adults commonly use.
The novel co-designed robot will be interconnected with carers and families, promising to empower healthcare systems. The team, comprising bio-robotics and healthcare experts, as well as the NHS and ageing private organisations, will work to address the needs of older people by applying cutting-edge technologies. A multisource semantic processing pipeline will gather data from the user and the environment to apply techniques involving machine learning, natural language processing, kinematic control loops, a navigation stack, and a computer vision engine. This will be deployed in a central server workstation that handles rapid and safe communication protocols.
SAW-Health includes several core components to meet the specific needs of ageing individuals. Firstly, Activities of Daily Living (ADL) assistance and autonomy, enabled by human-robot-environment interaction strategies in multiple scenarios, will promote independence and autonomy. Secondly, gait assistance and physical activity monitoring will assist patients with motor disabilities and encourage physical activity through a wearable sensor architecture that gathers biomechanical and physiological information to estimate gait quality and overall user health. Finally, social interaction will be integrated into the robot's functionalities to provide companionship to users, using cutting-edge social interaction theories.
 
Description Application of people-centred design methods to understand healthcare user needs for a sock-based wearable device (SmartSocks) supporting the recognition and management of distress in people living with dementia
Amount £78,851 (GBP)
Funding ID 10131668 
Organisation Innovate UK 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 11/2024 
End 04/2025
 
Description The VIVO Hub for Enhanced Independent Living, Research and partnership hubs for health technologies
Amount £13,400,000 (GBP)
Organisation Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 12/2024 
End 11/2030
 
Title Characteristics of a Socially Assistive Robot for Older Adults: Inputs from Healthcare Staff and Users 
Description This dataset offers insights into the perspectives on Socially Assistive Robots (SARs) among 25 older adults and 15 clinicians/carers. Part A provides demographic information, daily activity profiles, and technology proficiency assessments using the Technology Experience Profile and Mobile Device Proficiency Questionnaire. Part B includes attitudinal assessments via adapted scales like the Negative Attitudes towards Robots Scale (NARS) and Technology-Specific Expectation Scale (TSES), along with custom queries, to address research objectives regarding SARs' acceptance and expectations among participants. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2024 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact This dataset provides valuable insights into the acceptance, expectations, and concerns regarding Socially Assistive Robots (SARs) among older adults and healthcare professionals. By integrating demographic profiles, daily activity patterns, and technology proficiency assessments, it offers an understanding of user readiness for SAR adoption. Additionally, attitudinal evaluations using validated scales, such as NARS and TSES, allow for a quantitative assessment of biases, concerns, and expectations surrounding SARs. These findings contribute to evidence-based development of assistive robotics, ensuring that future SAR designs align with user needs and foster greater acceptance in real-world care settings. 
URL https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Characteristics_of_a_Socially_Assistive_Robot_for_Older_Adults...
 
Description Collaboration with Horton House Residential Care Home 
Organisation Aalborg University Hospital
Department Research House
Country Denmark 
Sector Hospitals 
PI Contribution Our research team collaborated with Horton House Residential Care Home through a series of co-design workshops involving both residents and caregivers. These workshops facilitated a user-centered approach to understanding the specific needs and challenges faced by older adults in assisted living environments. By engaging directly with the residents and caregivers, we gathered insights that informed the development and refinement of assistive technologies aimed at enhancing mobility, safety, and overall well-being. This participatory process ensured that the solutions we designed were practical, meaningful, and aligned with the real-world experiences of those who would benefit from them.
Collaborator Contribution Horton House Residential Care Home played a crucial role in this collaboration by actively engaging their residents and caregivers in the co-design process. They provided valuable insights into the daily challenges faced by older adults in assisted living settings, helping to shape the design and functionality of assistive technologies. Their staff facilitated workshop sessions, ensuring that residents could comfortably participate and share their experiences. Additionally, their willingness to collaborate fostered a supportive environment for user-centered innovation, ensuring that the solutions developed were practical, relevant, and tailored to the real needs of older adults and their caregivers.
Impact Conducted interactive sessions with residents and caregivers to identify needs and challenges in mobility, safety, and well-being. Gathered qualitative insights that informed the development of assistive technology solutions. Iterative design improvements based on direct user feedback from co-design sessions. Enhanced usability and accessibility of the assistive technologies tested. Strengthened understanding of assistive technology adoption in residential care settings. Fostered collaboration between researchers, care home staff, and residents to bridge the gap between research and real-world application. This partnership was multi-disciplinary, involving expertise from various fields: Gerontology and Healthcare, Human-Centered Design, Engineering & Assistive Robotics, Cognitive.
Start Year 2024
 
Description Collaboration with Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal 
Organisation Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal
Country Canada 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution We are assisting this institution in understanding the potential use of robotics in the care of older adults.
Collaborator Contribution We are receiving support for geriatrics research. The support team has experience in implementing technology and assessing its usefulness in care scenarios. They provide significant advice for applying user-centered design in the project.
Impact We collaborated to develop a study aimed at understanding the perception of using social robotics for care applications. We are preparing a publication with this goal.
Start Year 2023
 
Description Collaboration with St Monica Trust 
Organisation ST Monica Trust
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution Our research team collaborated with St Monica Trust by conducting a demonstration visit where we showcased the technologies developed as part of our project to both their staff and residents. This visit provided an opportunity to introduce the assistive technologies, explain their functionalities, and gather initial feedback from potential users. Engaging directly with staff and residents allowed us to assess the practicality and usability of our solutions in real-world care home settings. Additionally, the visit facilitated knowledge exchange, helping to bridge the gap between research and its application in residential care environments.
Collaborator Contribution St Monica Trust contributed to this collaboration by providing valuable feedback on the technologies demonstrated during our visit. Their staff and residents shared insights on usability, practicality, and potential areas for improvement, helping to refine our assistive solutions. Additionally, they offered spaces for validation, allowing us to assess the real-world applicability of our technologies in a residential care setting. Their willingness to engage in this process played a key role in ensuring that our innovations align with the needs and expectations of older adults and caregivers.
Impact Technology Demonstration and Feedback Validation Opportunities Knowledge Exchange This collaboration was multi-disciplinary, involving: Gerontology and Healthcare, Human-Centered Design, Engineering and Assistive Robotics.
Start Year 2025
 
Description Collaboration with Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo 
Organisation Federal University of Espírito Santo
Country Brazil 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution We conducted comparative analyses with existing physiological monitoring technologies, including Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG)-based sensors and commercial electrocardiogram (ECG) devices, to evaluate their potential integration into assistive devices for older adults. This approach aimed to enhance real-time stress monitoring and well-being assessment, ensuring that wearable solutions remain effective, comfortable, and practical for everyday use in ageing populations.
Collaborator Contribution Our collaborators, including María Gaitán-Padilla, Maria José Pontes, Marcelo Eduardo Vieira Segatto, and Camilo A. R. Diaz, provided expertise in physiological sensing, optical fiber technology, and biomedical signal processing. They contributed to sensor fabrication, experimental design, and data collection using the Trial Social Stress Test (TSST) method for stress induction. Additionally, their work in reducing the optical interrogation system size helped enhance the feasibility of the POF sensor for wearable stress monitoring applications. This collaboration ensured a multidisciplinary approach, integrating knowledge from biomedical engineering, AI-based classification, and physiological monitoring to develop an innovative, low-cost solution for stress detection.
Impact Journal Article at IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL: Development of a Polymeric Optical Fiber Sensor for Stress Estimation: A Comparative Analysis between Physiological Sensors 10.1109/JSEN.2024.3435399
Start Year 2023
 
Description Collaboration with University of Bologna 
Organisation University of Bologna
Country Italy 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Our research team collaborated with the University of Bologna by supervising and mentoring two interns from their Electrical Engineering Department, focusing on fall detection and navigation assistance for walkers. We provided technical guidance, research direction, and access to datasets and experimental setups, enabling the interns to develop and test algorithms in real-world scenarios. Additionally, we facilitated knowledge exchange on AI-driven mobility solutions, ensuring their work aligned with the broader goals of assistive robotics for older adults.
Collaborator Contribution Professors Luca Palmerini and Silvia Orlandi, along with their team from the University of Bologna, contributed by providing interns in biomedical engineering and signal processing. They supported the interns with theoretical foundations and technical expertise, ensuring they had the necessary skills to contribute effectively. Their collaboration helped bridge the gap between academic research and implementation, enhancing the development of advanced fall detection and navigation assistance technologies for smart walkers.
Impact Two Scientific Publications were presented in: ICNR 2024 (International Conference on Neurorehabilitation): A Multimodal Feedback Interface for Assisted Navigation with a Smart Walker BIOROB 2024 (IEEE International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics): Towards Safer Mobility: Developing and Evaluating a Fall Detection System for a Smart Walker This collaboration was multi-disciplinary, involving: Electrical Engineering, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Healthcare and Rehabilitation
Start Year 2024
 
Description 1st Workshop in Empowering Ageing Care with Robotic Solutions 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact The 1st Workshop in Empowering Ageing Care with Robotic Solutions for Enhanced Wellbeing took place on June 28, 2024, at the Bristol Business School, UWE Bristol. This event brought together experts from human-robot interaction, social robotics, geriatrics, paramedic science, and rehabilitation medicine to discuss innovative robotic solutions aimed at improving autonomy, independence, and quality of life for older adults. The workshop included demonstrations, poster presentations, and keynote talk. More than 50 participants attended the workshop.

The workshop featured keynote speakers from international institutions and included discussions on socially assistive robotics, ethical considerations, emergency care, and co-design processes. A key outcome was the knowledge exchange among researchers, healthcare professionals, and stakeholders, fostering new collaborations and ideas for the development and integration of robotic solutions in ageing care. The workshop also included demonstrations and poster presentations. More than 50 participants attended the workshop.

Post with speakers: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/carlosacifuentes_ageingcare-robotics-wearables-activity-7222288613235949568-J8Dk?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop&rcm=ACoAACB7oWkB_BvjmgxE_NFJemVdwuQWTP1jkUg
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
URL https://www.linkedin.com/posts/carlosacifuentes_we-are-excited-to-invite-you-to-the-1st-workshop-act...
 
Description BioRob 2024 Workshop - Revolutionising Ageing: The Role of Robotics and Wearable Tech for Older Adults, 1st September 2024, Heidelberg, Germany 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact We presented "Posture Classification and Feedback for Walker-Assisted Gait" at a BIROBOB workshop, aiming to showcase advancements in assistive robotics and AI-driven posture analysis for mobility support in older adults. The presentation covered machine learning-based posture classification, real-time feedback mechanisms, and their implications for fall prevention and rehabilitation.

The session engaged researchers, clinicians, and assistive technology developers, leading to active discussions on integration into care settings. Attendees provided valuable feedback on potential clinical applications, and some expressed interest in future collaborations for testing and validation. This presentation contributed to raising awareness of AI-driven mobility solutions and fostering multidisciplinary dialogue on enhancing walker-assisted gait support.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
URL https://sites.google.com/view/revolutionizing-aging-biorob24
 
Description BioRob 2024 Workshop - Revolutionising Ageing: The Role of Robotics and Wearable Tech for Older Adults, 1st September 2024, Heidelberg, Germany (2nd presentation) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact We presented "SmartSocks Fusion: Multimodal Fall Classification in Adults" at a BIOROB workshop, focusing on the integration of sensor-based technology and AI for detecting and classifying falls in adults. The presentation highlighted the multimodal data fusion approach, combining pressure sensors, inertial measurements, and machine learning algorithms to enhance fall detection accuracy.

The session attracted researchers, clinicians, and assistive technology developers, leading to discussions on real-world implementation and clinical validation. Attendees provided insights on potential applications in healthcare and rehabilitation, and some expressed interest in collaborative research and pilot studies. This activity contributed to raising awareness of wearable AI-driven fall detection solutions and fostering interdisciplinary engagement in assistive technology research.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
URL https://sites.google.com/view/revolutionizing-aging-biorob24
 
Description Co-Creation Session at Age UK Gloucestershire 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Patients, carers and/or patient groups
Results and Impact On October 17th, we conducted a focus group in Gloucester to gather insights from older adults, caregivers, and healthcare professionals on the design of a Socially Assistive Walker. The purpose of this session was to explore how a walker could not only provide physical support but also enhance social connections and overall well-being.

Participants engaged in discussions with researchers from the University of the West of England, sharing their experiences, needs, and preferences. The session generated valuable user-driven insights, which are now being incorporated into the walker's design to ensure it aligns with real-world needs.

The event also sparked interest among attendees in assistive technology and fostered engagement between researchers and potential end-users. The feedback collected will directly inform the next stages of prototyping and testing, improving the walker's usability and effectiveness.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
 
Description Co-Creation Session at ExtraCare 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Patients, carers and/or patient groups
Results and Impact On June 21st, 2024, we held a co-creation session at ExtraCare in Bristol, bringing together older adults, caregivers, and healthcare professionals to contribute to the development of a Socially Assistive Walker. The purpose of this session was to gather user insights and collaboratively shape the design of a mobility aid that enhances both physical support and social engagement.
Participants discussed their experiences, needs, and expectations with the research team, providing valuable feedback on design features, usability, and potential benefits. This session helped refine key aspects of the walker's functionality, ensuring it aligns with real-world user needs.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
 
Description Co-Creation Session with Minority Groups 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Patients, carers and/or patient groups
Results and Impact On Nov 5th, we conducted a co-creation session at 58th Scout Hall, Gadshill Road, BS5 6LJ, in collaboration with the Pakistani Women Organisation, Bristol, to engage minority groups in the development of a Socially Assistive Walker. The goal was to ensure that the walker design reflects the diverse needs, preferences, and cultural considerations of different communities.

Participants, including older adults and caregivers from minority backgrounds, shared their experiences, challenges, and expectations regarding mobility support and social interaction. Their feedback provided unique perspectives on accessibility, usability, and potential cultural adaptations for assistive technologies.

This session broadened the inclusivity of the project, ensuring that the walker's design accommodates the needs of a diverse ageing population.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
 
Description Focus Group in Collaboration with Caafi Health 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Patients, carers and/or patient groups
Results and Impact On March 5, 2025, we conducted a focus group at the Beehive Centre, Bristol, exploring attitudes toward Socially Assistive Robots (SARs) for people with memory problems. The session engaged 5 pairs of people (MCI patients, and their family carers), aiming to gather insights on acceptance, usability, and potential applications of robotic assistance in daily life.

Participants engaged in guided discussions, film-based reflections, and hands-on demonstrations of assistive robots, including Pepper and Temi. They shared their perceptions, concerns, and expectations, particularly regarding privacy, functionality, and emotional engagement with robots.

Key outcomes included rich qualitative data on user needs, increased awareness of SARs among caregivers and individuals with memory challenges, and a better understanding of barriers to adoption. The feedback gathered will inform future research and development, ensuring that assistive robotics align with the real-world needs of those experiencing cognitive decline.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2025
 
Description IROS Workshop 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact On October 14th, 2024, we co-organized the "Interactive Robots and AI for Healthcare" workshop at the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) 2024. This workshop brought together leading researchers, clinicians, and engineers to explore the role of AI-driven interactive robots in healthcare applications.

As part of the event, we presented our contribution, "A SAR-Based Approach to Dementia Intervention Through Physical and Cognitive Interaction," showcasing how Socially Assistive Robots (SARs) can support individuals with dementia through engaging physical and cognitive activities.

The workshop facilitated multidisciplinary discussions, leading to new collaborations and knowledge exchange among experts in robotics, healthcare, and AI. It also helped raise awareness of SARs' potential in dementia care, sparking interest in further clinical trials and real-world implementations of assistive robotics for cognitive and physical well-being.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
URL https://sites.google.com/view/iraih/home
 
Description Smart Walker Demonstration at RCPA Conference 2024 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Patients, carers and/or patient groups
Results and Impact On November 12, 2024, we presented a live demonstration of the Smart Walker at the RCPA Conference 2024, showcasing its assistive mobility and social engagement features to an audience of healthcare professionals, researchers, and industry stakeholders. The purpose of this demonstration was to highlight the walker's capabilities in supporting older adults' mobility, safety, and well-being, while also encouraging discussions on its potential integration into care settings.

Attendees engaged in interactive discussions, providing valuable feedback on usability and real-world applications. The event increased awareness of assistive robotic technologies, strengthened collaborations with healthcare professionals, and generated interest in future testing and implementation. Insights from the session are now contributing to further refinements of the Smart Walker to enhance its effectiveness in real-world care environments.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
URL https://rcpa.org.uk/events/save-the-date-rcpa-annual-conference-tuesday-12th-november/
 
Description Workshop at WCP & BSWCSP conference "Care in a Digital Age" in Swindon 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Industry/Business
Results and Impact We presented the ongoing research project to around 50 participants in two workshops, including representatives from several care homes, NHS, and care providers. During the presentation, we demonstrated the robotics applications developed in the project, which garnered a lot of attention. Many attendees expressed interest in being involved in the project and exploring the potential applications of the products in care settings.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
URL https://www.wiltshirecarepartnership.org.uk/events/wcp-and-bswcsp-care-in-a-digital-age-conference/