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Future Heritage Now: Delivering Creative Research Through Enhanced Scientific Analysis

Lead Research Organisation: National Trust
Department Name: Swindon

Abstract

We will exploit the potential of scientific equipment, portable tools of analysis, and digital data capture technology to significantly enhance the Trust's core functions to understand, look after, and promote our historic collections and sites. It will provide new pathways to innovative cultural and creative research and will provide rich data to better inform the management of material change of heritage assets now and in the future. The development of a mutual learning environment among universities, cultural institutions, and creative enterprises, will encourage a future generation of heritage scientists and practice-led specialists to address the contemporary challenges of managing material change of moveable and immoveable heritage.

The NT is home to a remarkable portfolio of heritage assets across the UK from historic buildings, monuments, landscapes, gardens, archaeological sites, as well as over a million objects in our care. The proposed upgrades and enhancements of scientific facilities, and historic digital data capture will significantly increase existing creative research capability and extend the breadth and geographic reach of our current provision to other organisations and networks. It will build on our reputation for conservation excellence and innovative cross-disciplinary partnerships, significantly increasing our support for others by providing a national-scale resource for collaboration, education, and shared training.

By exploiting the potential of portable tools of analysis we will undertake research to deepen understanding of how objects in our collections were made and used, and the cultural contexts in which they are situated. Crucially, scientific analysis will also help us to document change over time to inform choices of how change is managed now and in the future. Building on the exceptional public engagement programme established at Knole Conservation Studio, we will use augmented reality tools (AR) to enable novel approaches to develop and trial immersive content. This presents a unique opportunity to connect with the public and to share with other heritage organisations the challenges and choices of collection conservation presentation and management.

Enhanced heritage digital data capture tools, for example, geophysical survey equipment, photographometry, and handheld laser scanners will provide digital twin outputs to monitor change and enable research to make better informed choices of how we manage heritage now and in the future. These digital tools will provide new quality, multi-purpose datasets, which will support us and other historic asset managers to devise more effective interventions to maintain and adapt the historic environment to maximise benefits whilst retaining cultural value. This is particularly timely, as climate change is resulting in unprecedented impacts on historic sites.

We will develop relationships with new heritage research partners and stakeholders, especially those in under-served regions of the UK. Given the Trust's geographical reach, uniquely we will provide 'in the wild' state of the art evaluation of heritage assets by taking the tools to the assets, along with management and conservation protocols. This will enable a diverse range of researchers (including Early Career Researchers (ECRs), secondees, interns) to develop interdisciplinary capability, practice-led skills, and carry out knowledge exchange, to catalyse new creative research opportunities.

As an incremental step towards our ambitions to grow our research capacity and capability across the Trust, this project will provide the platform for creating a culture for mutual sharing of equipment and knowledge. This will be achieved through training, workshops, placements, and hosting through existing and new networks. The project will provide new economic opportunities, inform regulatory frameworks, and develop skills to meet heritage challenges now and in the future.

Publications

10 25 50
 
Title Re-display of Portrait of Margaret Greville by Carlous Duran 
Description On completion of conservation of the Margaret Greville Portrait and its return to Polesden Lacey, an exhibition was set up in a room at the property describing the conservation work and use of XRF to identify pigments in the painting and to understand Duran's technique. 
Type Of Art Artistic/Creative Exhibition 
Year Produced 2024 
Impact Enhanced public understanding of painting conservation and role of scientific analysis in conservation. 
 
Description Collections
* Increase in capability for technical analysis of objects undergoing studio conservation, researching and enhancing our understanding of the materiality of objects
* Application of portable 3-d imaging techniques for recording of object condition and interiors in historic houses
* Training of staff in application of XRF and imaging techniques
* Development of XRF into a standard studio tool for material analysis, e.g. identifying metals and pigments used under tortoiseshell decoration on a 17th century Flemish cabinet. This enabled the original 17th century decorative elements to be distinguished from later, 19th century decoration
* Development of a microfading methodology for rollout on National Trust collections to understand light sensitivity of individual high-significance objects and general populations of objects
* Development and application of digital microscopy as a routine tool in textile conservation, to identify construction methods, original colour in textile threads and state of metal threads
* Dissemination of case studies to internal National Trust audience (such as through a continuing professional development conference in January 2024)
* Work is ongoing to build on these achievements and continue embedding the use of the new equipment in conservation research across the organisation

Archaeology
* Significantly enhanced capability for research into Natural Trust historic environment in the outdoors, including identification of previously unrecorded archaeological sites through geophysical survey.
* Equipment has supported Historic Environment Advice Assistant Apprentices within the Trust
* Greater ability to share National Trust historic environment features with wider audiences online through the production of 'digital twins'
* Training of Archaeology staff and volunteers in the use of geophysical survey, photography and laser scan applications
* New equipment becoming embedded as Business as Usual
Exploitation Route During this stage of project, findings are impacting within the National Trust, and starting to be shared more widely with the Heritage Science sector.
Sectors Culture

Heritage

Museums and Collections

 
Description Collections: the CresCa project equipment is enabling significant advances in National Trust conservation practice, in particular through recording object condition by various imaging techniques that will enable 3-d benchmarking of condition and change in place of 2-d photography and technical analysis to understand how items were made. We are also applying predictive techniques such as microfading that enable us to understand rate of change in coloured materials subject to light damage and to project future condition. These findings will not only enable better management of light-sensitive collections, they also lead us to philosophical discussions of the lifetime of collections and how we choose to use the display lifetime of significant collections. Over the last 12 months (2024-25) the application of Cresca project equipment at the National Trust has matured and become embedded in our conservation practice, both in a studio setting and in situ at historic houses. National Trust conservators have become confident users of the equipment, to enhance understanding of objects, their construction and appropriate conservation methods to use. Scientific findings and results of technical analysis on newly conserved objects are being shared across the organisation and are being interpreted and presented at historic houses to help tell the story of the objects. We have overcome a series of technical difficulties with the Microfader and pioneered its use in situ in historic houses in front of the public where it serves as an engagement tool for heritage science as well as a means of understanding light sensitivity in large objects such as tapestries. We are beginning to share results and present our findings in conference and journal papers. Archaeology: the CResCa equipment represents a step-change in the technological capabilities of Archaeology within the National Trust, enabling our staff to deliver more research and engage new audiences. We have made a significant investment to ensure our staff are trained and supported in the use of the new equipment. GPS equipment is now embedded in support of our national Heritage and Archaeology Ranger Team volunteering scheme. Geophysical surveys at historic sites like Ickworth, Mottisfont, Isle of Wight, Scotney Castle, Hinton Ampner and Croft Castle have advanced our knowledge of, and ability to conserve, buried archaeology. At Stourhead geophysical survey using CResCa-funded equipment formed part of the official Council for British Archaeology Festival of Archaeology Youth Day and wider public events, engaging hundreds of visitors with the application of these technologies to archaeological research. Laser scanning and photogrammtery equipment has been used to create and share digital twins of historic sites like the 19th Box Hill Fort near Dorking (https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/box-hill-fort-surrey-hills-daddb85b9ae3465fbf077f2637dca4b9), or the ruins of the Medieval priory at Ankerwycke near Windsor (https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/ankerwycke-ruins-2023-508b3bfca0b344dab09ccf5a29c9787d), providing records for conservation monitoring in addition to providing virtual access for the public to sites which are not otherwise accessible. Contribution to non-academic impacts: * Collections applications are ongoing. Photogrammetry has been used to scan a Roman mosaic floor at Chedworth Roman Villa to understand how the unstable floor and tesserae are changing * Archaeology applications are ongoing. Findings have been used to support visitor engagement and events at properties - such as activities at National Trust places during the annual Festival of Archaeology - and to provide virtual access to historic sites. Identification of buried archaeological remains will be used to inform conservation activity and assessments of significance and archaeological potential.
First Year Of Impact 2023
Sector Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections
Impact Types Cultural

Economic

 
Description Hosting Material Paint History: Developing a cross section of National Trust collection & interiors scientific samples.
Amount £621,962 (GBP)
Funding ID AH/Z506060/1 
Organisation Arts & Humanities Research Council (AHRC) 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 08/2024 
End 09/2026
 
Title Application of Microfading to Conservation Decision-Making in the National Trust 
Description Microfading has been used in gallery and museum settings to assess risk of light damage to sensitive objects during display. For the first time we are applying this method to understand the degree of change that will occur in objects on display in a historic house setting and to develop a methodology by which these results can be used by conservators and curators to make decisions about display of collections. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2024 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact Microfading is enabling us to understand the true light-sensitivity of collections in historic houses, including works on paper, tapestries, photographs and furniture. A notable impact is the debate it is enabling on longevity and cost/benefits of display of National Trust collections. 
 
Title National Trust Microfading Database 
Description Dataset comprises the microfading analyses for National Trust collections analysed so far, with multiple microfading scans per object (up to 20 scans in case of objects with complex colouration). Existing macros have been adapted and extended to process the scans in a standardised way that enables comparison of results both inside the National Trust and with other institutions using microfading. Outputs are then customised for National Trust approach to decision-making on display of light-sensitive objects. 
Type Of Material Data analysis technique 
Year Produced 2024 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact It is enabling general conclusions to be drawn about light-sensitivity of particular object types in National Trust collections and understanding of the current state of specific high-significance objects and how they may change in the future. 
 
Description Bodiam 100 
Organisation University College London
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution NT researchers undertook geophysical surveys utilising CResCa kit to define potential excavation targets and initiate project development. NT teams and volunteers have directly supported excavation and public engagement during fieldwork.
Collaborator Contribution Undertaking through Archaeology South-East 3 weeks of excavation and public engagement and necessary post-excavation and reporting, supported by UCL Institute of Archaeology students. Archaeology South-East is part of UCL Centre for Applied Archaeology (CAA), itself part of UCL Institute of Archaeology.
Impact Reporting forthcoming
Start Year 2024
 
Description Dolaucothi 2024 Festival of Archaeology 
Organisation University of Wales Trinity Saint David
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution NT staff and volunteers conducted geophysical surveys which provided the basis for collaboration, identifying targets for public excavations as part of the Festival of Archaeology. Provision of practical support for excavations, and public engagement.
Collaborator Contribution Running excavation for 7 days as part of the Festival of Archaeology. UWTSD also provided displays of pottery and Roman oil lamps as part of public engagement.
Impact Reporting forthcoming
Start Year 2024
 
Description Study of Barniz de Pasto Casket 
Organisation Victoria and Albert Museum
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution National Trust curators and conservators collaborated on a study of a rare Barniz de Pasto casket from Batemans, Sussex. A 3-d scan was created of the casket using equipment purchased with the AHRC Cresca award, by the Royal Oak Foundation Studio.
Collaborator Contribution The communication of this recent discovery by National Trust curators resulted in a collaborative project with the V&A to access equipment in their conservation science laboratory. Working with V&A scientists and conservators the NT conservators and curators were able to investigate the materials and manufacturing techniques using infrared reflectrometry (IRR), high resolution digital microscopy and scanning X-ray fluorescence. The findings enhance our understanding of the construction of the cabinet and provide information that can be used in future to help identify workshops and date the construction.
Impact Exhibition at Bateman's, Sussex on the casket (2025): https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/visit/sussex/batemans/exhibition-room-at-batemans Joint publication with the V&A conservators and scientists: https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage7030075 Good press coverage: 12 online and print articles including The Times, The Times Ireland, Northern Echo.
Start Year 2023
 
Description CResCa Equipment Workshop 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact 30 practitioners within the National Trust attended two days of workshops focussing on the use and application of geophysical survey equipment, photography/photogrammetry, and handheld laser scanning.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description CresCa Equipment - Workshop Demonstrations 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact National Trust Conservators CPD Conference, Royal Oak Foundation Conservation Studio, Knole, Sevenoaks, Kent, 16-17 Jan 2024
Equipment demonstration workshops on:
3-d Imaging and scanning
Microfading
XRF Analysis
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
 
Description CresCa Research Equipment - facilities and applications presentations 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact National Trust Conservators CPD Conference, Knole, Sevenoaks, Kent, 16-17 Jan 2024
Session on Introduction to CRESCa funded equipment - capabilities and applications.
• 3-d imaging, scanning - facilities and applications, Sarah Mayfield, Senior National Conservator - Stone and Plaster (15 mins)
• CRESCa Laser Scanning and Photogrammetry by Archaeologists, James Brown, Archaeologist (10 mins)
• Case study: Chedworth - Long corridor, Alexandra Radford, Assistant National Conservator - Remedial (10mins)
• Hinimihi - comparative scanning techniques, Emily NisbetHawkins, Regional Conservator (10 mins)
• Microfading, Kristie Short-Traxler, National Conservator - Conservation Science (15 mins)
• Thermography, Lisa O'Hagan, National Conservator - Conservation Science (5mins)
• X-Ray fluorescence analysis, Anna Vesaluoma & Nicola Shreeve, Remedial Conservators, ROF Studio
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
 
Description Geophysical Survey at Croft Castle 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Geophysical survey, using CResCa funded equipment, was undertaken at Croft Castle, identifying buried structures and features associated with the historic development of the mansion. The surveys were undertaken in an area accessible to visitors, and included engagement with visitors to explain the use and application of the equipment.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description Geophysical Survey at Scotney Castle 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Geophysical surveys were undertaken at Scotney Castle in advance of test-pitting to identify archaeological remains in advance of land use changes (garden planting/creation) in the area of the old castle. These were undertaken in an area open to the public, with interpretation provided to explain the use and application of the equipment.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
URL https://the-past.com/news/green-fingered-finds-piecing-together-the-history-of-scotneys-old-castle/
 
Description Hatchlands Geophysical Survey 2024 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Third sector organisations
Results and Impact National Trust staff, volunteers and Surrey Archaeological Society undertook geophysical surveys using CResCa equipment at Hatchlands Park in Surrey, searching for evidence of the lost Tudor mansion
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
URL https://www.facebook.com/reel/1058315445570212
 
Description Hinton Ampner Landscape Recovery Geophysical Survey 2024 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Third sector organisations
Results and Impact National Trust staff and volunteers, along with participants from Liss, Meon and Winchester Archaeological Societies, engaged in a programme of archaeological surveys at Hinton Ampner to inform nature recovery activities. This included geophysical surveys deploying CResCa kit (magnetometry), identifying potential Prehistoric monuments (e.g. https://heritagerecords.nationaltrust.org.uk/HBSMR/MonRecord.aspx?uid=MNA202689) which can now be better managed and preserved, taken into consideration as part of the designs of landscape change for nature recovery (e.g. woodland creation)
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
URL https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/visit/hampshire/hinton-ampner/hinton-ampner-reimagining-a-hampshire...
 
Description Stourhead Festival of Archaeology and Council for British Archaeology Youth Weekend - Geophysical Survey demonstrations and training 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact A programme of archaeological works, including geophysical surveys using equipment acquired through CResCa, was conducted at Stourhead in the search for the buried remains of the Medieval 'Stourton Castle'. Over the course of a two week period this was delivered alongside talks and tours for visitors to the property. In addition, Stourhead hosted the official Youth Weekend as part of the Festival of Archaeology, delivering training in the use of geophysical survey equipment to young archaeologists.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
URL https://www.archaeologyuk.org/get-involved/events-and-activities/event-calendar/stourhead-youth-day....