Dissipative nonlinear structures for digital photonic technologies

Lead Research Organisation: Aston University
Department Name: Sch of Engineering and Applied Science

Abstract

The global growth of the Internet and multimedia applications with its corresponding great impact on educational, commercial and social activities, leads to a constant increase in the amount of information that needs to be transmitted, stored and retrieved. Nowadays, there is a serious disproportion in global information traffic between the high speed at which tremendous amounts of digital data travel in ultra-long haul fibre-optic links connecting different continents and the comparatively lower rates at which information is processed electronically, either at the network nodes or at the end-user's personal computer. It has been well recognized for many years that, notwithstanding tremendous developments in electronics, ultimately only photonics has the required processing speed to satisfy future demands. However, in spite of the heroic efforts of the past decades, all-optical signal processing technologies capable of resolving the bottleneck imposed by electronic components are still to come. It is likely that a solution to this problem cannot be found through an incremental development of existing technologies and truly novel breakthrough in ideas and methodologies are required to achieve real progress in all-optical switching, processing and computing. A change of paradigm requires the combined efforts of a broad spectrum of specialists from mathematics to material science. One of the fundamental concepts of nonlinear photonics is to use solitons -stable optical pulses resulting from the interplay between material nonlinearity and dispersion- as the information carriers (elementary bits) to transmit and process digital signals at very high speeds. New mathematical nonlinear theories have emerged recently generalizing the basic soliton paradigm to systems with gain and dissipation. The aim of this project is to introduce fundamentally new nonlinear approaches into the realm of digital optics and to develop the concept of dissipative solitons for all-optical digital signal processing. The present approaches used to implement all-optical data processing in communication systems are mainly drawn on conservative (based on the energy conservation, at least on average) nonlinear processes. Since their stationary solutions typically form families, meaning that for a particular system the asymptotic state depends on the input parameters, conservative systems exhibit a continuous family of output states, which is fundamentally different from what one needs for digital signal processing: a discrete number (two in a binary coding) of possible output states. A theoretical concept that might help to resolve this fundamental issue is the engineering of systems with stable attractors, a dynamical feature that can be realized in dissipative nonlinear systems when signal attenuation is balanced by gain. In such systems, the soliton family degenerates into a single isolated solution, completely determined by the preset system parameters. In this project, we propose to develop the concept of nonlinear optical devices based on dissipative solitons. Such devices will exploit the fundamental properties of dissipative solitons to achieve truly digital signal processing functions. Ultimately our research is aimed at providing fundamental information on the feasibility of using dissipative solitons in all-optical digital data processing and exploring the potential of this concept for optical computing. We concentrate our research efforts on two photonic media where the dissipative soliton concept can be implemented: active fibre systems and a novel artificial nonlinear medium (dissipative photonic crystal) formed by periodic patterns of semiconductor optical amplifiers and saturable absorbers. To foster the rapid emergence of new paradigms and nonlinear photonic devices using dissipative solitons, it is important to transfer fundamental theories of nonlinear science into the field of optical engineering, and this is the main target of this project.
 
Description The following is a snapshot of the major achievements within the project.
The combination of pulse prechirping and nonlinear propagation in normally dispersive (ND) fibre was introduced and experimentally demonstrated as a method for passive nonlinear pulse shaping, which provides a simple way of generating various advanced field distributions including parabolic, flat-top and triangular profiled pulses with a linear frequency chirp. Novel techniques using cross-phase modulation with triangular pump pulses in a nonlinear Kerr medium were introduced toachieve the spectral and temporal doubling of optical pulses as well as to realize time-to-frequency mapping of multiplexed signals in high-speed fibre communication systems. We revisited recent results obtained by us and our collaborators on the use of fibre nonlinearities for the generation and shaping of optical pulses and on the applications of advanced pulse shapes in all-optical signal processing. In particular, we discussed ultrahigh repetition rate pulse sources, the generation of parabolic-shaped pulses in active and passive fibres, the generation of pulses with triangular temporal profiles, and coherent supercontinuum sources. The signal processing applications spanned optical regeneration, linear distortion compensation, optical decision at the receiver in optical communication systems, signal doubling and frequency conversion. We extended nonlinear pulse shaping to fibre systems with periodic boundary conditions and dissipative effects, and introduced the concept of intermediate asymptotic states in finite nonlinear systems using a fibre laser as an example. We showed that intermediate asymptotics of nonlinear equations can be used in applications similar to those of truly stable asymptotic solutions such as solitons or dissipative nonlinear waves. Applying this general idea to a practically important physical system, we demonstrated a novel type of nonlinear pulse shaping regime in a mode-locked fiber laser leading to the generation of linearly chirped pulses with a triangular intensity profile. We extended the theory of dispersion- managed (DM) solitons to dissipative systems with a focus on mode-locked fibre lasers. Families of dissipative DM solitons in a mode-locked fibre laser were described using a distributed DM Ginzburg-Landau type equation. The different types of pulse evolution observed experimentally were obtained and completely classified with a reduced system of ordinary differential equations. A theoretical model was developed which characterizes the intracavity pulse evolutions in high-power fibre lasers. The theory gave a simple geometrical description of the intracavity dynamics and possible operation modes of the laser cavity, and provided an efficient method for optimizing the performance of complex multiparametric laser systems. We developed a perturbation analysis that describes the effects of third-order dispersion on the similariton pulse solution of the nonlinear Schro¨dinger equation in a fibre gain medium. We introduced a new method for the generation of both triangular-shaped optical pulses and flat-top, coherent supercontinuum spectra using the effect of fourth-order dispersion on parabolic pulses in a passive, ND highly nonlinear fibre. We performed a theoretical and experimental characterization of the transition process of an initial Gaussian pulse to the asymptotic similariton solution in ND optical fibre amplifiers.
Exploitation Route Dissipative nonlinear structures-based technology holds one of the keys to the development of the all-optical functionality of future high-speed communication networks and data processing devices.
Sectors Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software)

 
Description Alliance: Franco-British Research Partnership Programme
Amount £4,400 (GBP)
Funding ID 10.002 
Organisation British Council 
Sector Charity/Non Profit
Country United Kingdom
Start 01/2010 
End 12/2011
 
Description British-Italian Partnership Programme for Early Career Researchers
Amount £3,000 (GBP)
Funding ID PP10/15 
Organisation British Council 
Sector Charity/Non Profit
Country United Kingdom
Start 01/2010 
End 12/2010
 
Description Leverhulme Trust Research Project Grant
Amount £221,415 (GBP)
Funding ID RPG-278 
Organisation The Leverhulme Trust 
Sector Charity/Non Profit
Country United Kingdom
Start 09/2011 
End 09/2015
 
Description Fibre effect on parabolic optical pulses 
Form Of Engagement Activity A magazine, newsletter or online publication
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact A fundamental process in nonlinear optics of recent interest
is the self-similar dynamical effects in nonlinear pulse
propagation in optical fibres with gain and normal group velocity
dispersion. Recent results have demonstrated a
fundamentally new operating regime where nonlinear propagation
is exploited to generate a particular class of pulses
with a parabolic intensity profile and a linear frequency
chirp (phase characteristic) that evolve self-similarly. Such
pulses occur in high-power femto-second lasers, spectral

broadening and super-continuum generation and have a
variety of photonic applications. However, many experimental
settings show that it is important to consider the
impact of higher-order dispersion on the pulse evolution.In this work, we develop a perturbation analysis that describes
the effect of third-order dispersion (TOD) on the
self-similar parabolic pulse solution of the propagation
equation in a gain fibre.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2010