Datamining medieval medical texts for modern medicines
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Warwick
Department Name: School of Life Sciences
Abstract
Medieval manuscripts contain numerous remedies for the treatment of microbial infections, and these often involve complex preparations of several ingredients. These combinations of natural compounds could be the result of empirical work by premodern physicians to produce efficacious remedies. However, quantitative analyses of how medieval physicians used the materials available to them to create remedies, and empirical tests of the antimicrobial activity of whole remedies, are almost non-existent. The datamining of medieval medical texts using the tools of network analysis is a new way to evaluate combinations of antimicrobial ingredients in medieval recipes, and to identify significant ingredient combinations from an antimicrobial perspective. This is a novel route to developing new antimicrobial therapeutics in a time of increasing antimicrobial resistance.
This study raises questions relevant to medieval studies, digital humanities, and modern scientific research. Medieval studies might ask: Did medieval physicians follow a predictable rational method? Where we see contingencies of different remedies for a condition, what conclusions can be drawn about the methodology of medieval practitioners? Digital humanities might ask: How can the latest technological tools enhance our discovery and understanding of novel compounds in premodern medical texts? Finally contemporary medicine might ask: Do 'ancientbiotic' combinations hold the key to discovering new natural compounds, or cocktails of compounds, that could form the basis of novel treatments for infection? Thus far research has been concentrated around single specific recipes from select medieval texts. But we can use digital technologies, specifically community detection and network analysis, to conduct a larger-scale survey of ingredients from multiple medieval texts. This may provide a foundation to begin to build evidenced answers to such questions.
One of my key research endeavours is to investigate how the medieval past can inform modern understandings of science and the arts. Previous studies, in collaboration with a specialist in complex networks, developed an analytical pipeline for transforming medieval texts into electronic databases for analysis with complex network algorithms. The objective is to develop a new direction of collaborative research in which the knowledge of the past may prove to be relevant for modern research. This may lay the foundation for future collaborations between the arts and sciences in the quest to find new approaches to the need for new antimicrobials.
The data that are available from medieval remedies are based on multi-component ingredients, which have the potential to activate novel compounds, react synergistically with other ingredients, or attack bacteria in different ways. There is an urgent need to investigate the effects of multi-component remedies against polymicrobial wounds. The proposed research specifically targets the multi-component nature of medieval remedies in a systematic, mathematically-quantified methodology. The research from this project will form a foundation to support a broad programme of research into the use of different materia medica and for a re-examination of the ethnopharmacology of Western Europe.
This study raises questions relevant to medieval studies, digital humanities, and modern scientific research. Medieval studies might ask: Did medieval physicians follow a predictable rational method? Where we see contingencies of different remedies for a condition, what conclusions can be drawn about the methodology of medieval practitioners? Digital humanities might ask: How can the latest technological tools enhance our discovery and understanding of novel compounds in premodern medical texts? Finally contemporary medicine might ask: Do 'ancientbiotic' combinations hold the key to discovering new natural compounds, or cocktails of compounds, that could form the basis of novel treatments for infection? Thus far research has been concentrated around single specific recipes from select medieval texts. But we can use digital technologies, specifically community detection and network analysis, to conduct a larger-scale survey of ingredients from multiple medieval texts. This may provide a foundation to begin to build evidenced answers to such questions.
One of my key research endeavours is to investigate how the medieval past can inform modern understandings of science and the arts. Previous studies, in collaboration with a specialist in complex networks, developed an analytical pipeline for transforming medieval texts into electronic databases for analysis with complex network algorithms. The objective is to develop a new direction of collaborative research in which the knowledge of the past may prove to be relevant for modern research. This may lay the foundation for future collaborations between the arts and sciences in the quest to find new approaches to the need for new antimicrobials.
The data that are available from medieval remedies are based on multi-component ingredients, which have the potential to activate novel compounds, react synergistically with other ingredients, or attack bacteria in different ways. There is an urgent need to investigate the effects of multi-component remedies against polymicrobial wounds. The proposed research specifically targets the multi-component nature of medieval remedies in a systematic, mathematically-quantified methodology. The research from this project will form a foundation to support a broad programme of research into the use of different materia medica and for a re-examination of the ethnopharmacology of Western Europe.
Planned Impact
We anticipate the proposed research to have economic and societal impact by identifying significant medicinal ingredient combinations which may inform future antimicrobial development. This is important because of the increasing threat of AMR across all sectors of society and the lack of new antimicrobials currently in development. This research into new compounds, potential new future treatment options, and new approaches to identifying antimicrobials from the corpus of plant knowledge using a novel methodology of analysis is of interest to all those involved in drug development (including pharmaceutical partners and regulatory agencies), medical and clinical researchers, medical practitioners, and patients.
The planned testing and output of a consumer product connects with current public and business interests in developing viable consumer products derived from natural sources. Public engagement activities in sharing this research will show how researchers are working to answer pressing questions that have a great impact on individual lives across society. The topic is immediately relatable and engaging to non-specialist audiences who have heard about AMR across news outlets or have a personal connection. It also appeals to those members of the public with interest in microbiology, medieval medicine and manuscripts, data management, and the relevance of medieval studies for modern research questions.
The planned testing and output of a consumer product connects with current public and business interests in developing viable consumer products derived from natural sources. Public engagement activities in sharing this research will show how researchers are working to answer pressing questions that have a great impact on individual lives across society. The topic is immediately relatable and engaging to non-specialist audiences who have heard about AMR across news outlets or have a personal connection. It also appeals to those members of the public with interest in microbiology, medieval medicine and manuscripts, data management, and the relevance of medieval studies for modern research questions.
Publications
Boccaletti S
(2023)
The structure and dynamics of networks with higher order interactions
in Physics Reports
Connelly E
(2022)
A case study of the Ancientbiotics collaboration.
in Patterns (New York, N.Y.)
Connelly, E
(2021)
Zerobabel Endecott's Synopsis Medicinae: Exploring a Colonial Remedy Book
Connelly, E
(2022)
Nettles and Networks: New Methods for Wound Infections
Connelly, E
(2021)
Transcription Today: A Case Study of Transcribing the Lylye of Medicynes
Connelly, E
(2021)
Climates of Fear
Connelly, E
(2021)
MedievAltAc: Thriving as a Non-Traditional/Contingent/Independent Scholar
Connelly, EC
(2023)
Visualising Historical Medical Ingredients
| Title | Cultures of Belonging: The Politics of Inclusion, Exclusion and Reparation Connecting Cultures Global Research Priority Annual Event |
| Description | Cultures of Belonging: The Politics of Inclusion, Exclusion and Reparation Discussion and Art Showcase. The poems by the SLS Poet in Residence based on my input and research were featured at this event |
| Type Of Art | Artistic/Creative Exhibition |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Impact | This was a public event to explore the important question: When cultures come together, who is included and who is excluded? via academic discussion and an art showcase in order to promote inclusion and feature women in science from SLS. The poet in residence, Sujatha Menon, exhibited her poetry installation that has been one of the outputs of her writing residency at the School of Life Sciences where she is helping to promote women in science. |
| URL | https://warwick.ac.uk/research/priorities/connecting-cultures/events/culturesofbelonging/ |
| Title | Herbarium Nottinghamiense |
| Description | Digitisation of a significant herbarium from the collection of Bromley House Library made open access in the digital repository archive.org for the first time |
| Type Of Art | Artefact (including digital) |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Impact | - significant work made freely available for the first time - widened public access - foundation for further publication and collaboration with a wider team performing novel digitisation of library resources - preservation of a fragile historical text - Skill development for team members |
| URL | https://archive.org/search?query=herbarium+nottinghamiense |
| Title | Science on the Hill: 'The Magical World of Microscopy' |
| Description | 12 poems under 12 dissection microscopes at the University of Warwick. The poems were inspired by conversations the SLS Poet in Residence, Sujatha Menon, had with female researchers across the School of Life Sciences (including Erin Connelly).The installation aimed to promote women in science by presenting poems based on our research in new and unusual ways. |
| Type Of Art | Artistic/Creative Exhibition |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Impact | The installation promoted women in science by presenting poems in new and unusual ways based on the research and conversations with researchers in SLS |
| URL | https://www.sujathamenon.com/micropoems |
| Description | The initial phase of the fellowship identified certain combinations of historical ingredients repeatedly used to treat infections in general via dataset and textual analysis along with laboratory tests on select ingredients, including assays on single ingredients and ingredients in combinations. The initial proposal was formed in response to the call to investigate the effects of multi-component remedies against polymicrobial wounds in light of the increasing threat of AMR across all sectors of society and the lack of new antimicrobials currently in development. As set out in the original proposal, we analysed a set of recipes in a survey of ingredients from select surgical and medical texts used to treat infections, and identified communities of ingredients that are commonly used to treat symptoms of microbial infection. Laboratory tests were performed on the following ingredients in single and combination assays: breast milk, nettles combined with fats/oils and vinegar, multiple analyses (HPLC, systematic reviews, laboratory tests) of vinegars from different botanical origins, and oxymel (medical honeys+acetic acid or whole vinegars). This work is proposed to be taken forward specifically to design further tests for the development of a clinical trial of the tested ingredients (i.e. oxymel is identified as having clinical potential) from the analyses completed during the initial fellowship period. A selection of recipes based in nettle remedies were prepared and visualised using the proposed methodology for structuring and analysing medieval datasets; Application of the technique included 4 languages, datasets are available on the public-facing team website. Delivery of significant ingredients (and combinations) for antimicrobial testing: breast milk, nettles combined with fats/oils and vinegar, and oxymel; visualisation of infection remedies. Over 50 manuscript sources have been consulted (not all data have been entered yet). The final output and methodology will be hosted on our open access website as specified in the original fellowship objectives which will extend beyond the life of the grant (along with forthcoming publications). The testing of antimicrobial ingredients identified in the historical datasets of the original FLF period has opened two pathways to extend and build on these outputs. The first objective is design of an application for a Phase 1 trial toward development of an improved advanced wound dressing in collaboration with clinicians. The second objective is further exploration of the mechanisms of ingredients, specifically pomegranate vinegar, along with other natural product (NP) candidates identified in our analyses. In our survey of premodern recipes, we identified a pattern of combining honey and vinegar (as a pairwise combination and with other medicinal plants) to wash or dress wounds and swellings, and we focused on this combination in our microbiological analysis. We completed the first comprehensive exploration of how the mixture could be applied to improve treatments for wound infections by investigating how honey and vinegar interact with biofilms of bacteria grown in the laboratory. We investigated the effects of combinations of two medical-grade honey ointments with natural vinegar or acetic acid to determine how effective the treatment is at killing microbes, and whether whole vinegar is more antibacterial than acetic acid alone. We applied a low dose of honey, which alone did not kill the bacteria, and a low dose of acetic acid that also could not kill the bacteria alone. These doses are lower than those that wound care nurses currently use on patients. When we combined these low doses, we saw significant killing activity. To expand this work to clinical significance, we need to investigate whether combining these substances could help patients who are not responding to either substance used alone. We also found that some natural vinegars had a greater ability to kill bacteria than an equivalent dose of pure acetic acid. In particular, pomegranate vinegars are interesting candidates for further study (supported by our dataset analysis as well); these had strong antibacterial activity and, like acetic acid, had activity when combined with honey. This research into new compounds, potential new future treatment options, and new approaches to identifying antimicrobials from the corpus of plant knowledge using a novel methodology of analysis is of interest to industry partners and regulatory agencies, medical and clinical collaborators, medical practitioners, and patients. Should the clinical trial application be approved and yield a successful outcome, the benefits would include value to patients (treatment of chronic wounds at a lower dose) and cost-saving measures for the NHS. A major exhibition was proposed in the original award. As proposed, the exhibition succeeded in advancing public education (and change of perspective) of historical medicine, AMR, natural product research, and applications of interdisciplinary collaborations from our team. Major outcomes include: • The exhibition received 10,000 visitors in 6 months; capacity attendance for the public lecture series; visitor surveys report change in perspectives • Awarded Research England Participatory Research, Institute for Policy and Engagement and an Excel in Science, student award, to fund engagement outputs and student participation • Significant public-facing digital legacy of the exhibition to be hosted in perpetuity • Future outputs include 3 smaller-scale travel versions of the exhibition, collating all feedback (to understand learning, changed perspectives, and other impacts), planned contributions to revision of the National Curriculum for medieval subjects, and travel exhibitions regionally As part of the exhibition, volunteers successfully created a database of medicinal plants and their uses, which is now fully searchable in the University of Nottingham Reading Room by ingredient and ailment. This database contains 1250 entries and was the primary objective of this project. Many of these archive documents have not previously been indexed and are not digitised, so this database will make it far easier for researchers to locate relevant information. The secondary aim of the project was for the participants to produce a creative output, of their choosing. These ranged from a presentation of an analysis of the vitamin C content of the scurvy cures to determine their efficacy, a dramatic sketch performed by a doctor and the relative of a concerned patient, and poetry. They have produced an anthology of the creative works and forthcoming publications. |
| Exploitation Route | The final output and methodology will be hosted on our open access website as specified in the original fellowship objectives which will extend beyond the life of the grant (along with forthcoming publications). design of an application for a Phase 1 trial toward development of an improved advanced wound dressing in collaboration with clinicians. The second objective is further exploration of the mechanisms of ingredients, specifically pomegranate vinegar, along with other natural product (NP) candidates identified in our analyses. this research into new compounds, potential new future treatment options, and new approaches to identifying antimicrobials from the corpus of plant knowledge using a novel methodology of analysis is of interest to industry partners and regulatory agencies, medical and clinical collaborators, medical practitioners, and patients. Should the clinical trial application be approved and yield a successful outcome, the benefits would include value to patients (treatment of chronic wounds at a lower dose) and cost-saving measures for the NHS. contributions to revision of the National Curriculum for medieval subjects and history of medicine |
| Sectors | Education Healthcare Culture Heritage Museums and Collections Pharmaceuticals and Medical Biotechnology |
| Description | Non-academic responses to this work include changed perspectives (by visitor feedback forms), creation of poems based on research, creative writing by public volunteers, creative writing book by SLS poet in residence, art showcases and exhibitions, physical creations (such as embroidery, plant labels for the kitchen and medicinal garden at the university, display case in the Reading Room, and cyanotype art), database of recipes created by public volunteers, podcasts, magazine articles, radio, news media, blog posts, connection with herbal remedies network of practicing herbalists. A major public exhibition explored medicine and healing before 1700 and the changes that led to the development of modern medicine. The exhibition communicated present day research and innovation in regard to plant medicine and AMR and how that relates to the history of medicine using objects from medical history. The schedule of events included 4 public lunchtime talks, a guided walk, 3 public gallery tours and 5 private gallery tours, a family weekend event ('Meet a Medieval Doctor'), 7 school events, 3 university class tours (including one for student midwives) and 1 upcoming travel version (spring 2024). The exhibition made academic research available to nearly 10,000 diverse visitors, and was specifically designed to engage the public of all ages and varying socio-cultural backgrounds. The exhibition was featured in local press, as well as an episode of BBC1 Countryfile (9 April 2023). There is a permanent online legacy of the digital component of the exhibition. Academic research was made relevant and accessible via a major exhibition and large schedule of public events across 6 months. We created an accessible environment in the gallery, and made the material available via other forms of media and a digital experience for those not able to attend physically. It was made possible by collaboration from 3 institutions and presented knowledge from multiple disciplines, and global teams developing new antimicrobials, including teams in the UK (Ancientbiotics), France (medieval Arabic recipes), and Nigeria (traditional anti-malarial drinks). The exhibition specifically engaged with young people, school groups, and undergraduates, including 1 family event; 7 class visits with two schools (one on-site and six virtual classes for GCSE History of Medicine modules); 3 university classes in the gallery, including one for student midwives. The exhibition had a children's corner, and made university study accessible to young visitors (some for the first time). It created opportunities for undergraduate interns. Public feedback to the lectures and learning questions indicate new perspectives and new knowledge in regard to historical medicine, AMR, and plants underlying research today. They indicate deep engagement with the themes, objects, and Ancientbiotics website with return visits and more interaction than staff have seen previously (e.g. 'visitors staying for over an hour'). In addition to impacts cited in previous answers, volunteers in the Early Medicine Research Group created a database of medicinal plants and their uses, which is now fully searchable in Uni of Notts Reading Room. Many of these archive documents have not previously been indexed and are not digitised. The database will make it far easier for researchers to locate information. Several stated the project had a positive impact on their sense of wellbeing. They created an anthology of creative works available on the website. We plan to use student and public responses to the exhibition themes to recommend changes to the national curriculum in history of medicine (on-going). I was appointed to the Board of Trustees of a historic library and serve on two board sub-groups: fundraising and EDI. Some major achievements include: Leading volunteers and interns in digitisation initiatives, including a recently discovered 13th-c. manuscript; development of governance, strategy and protocols for library structure to improve outcomes for staff and volunteers; The travel component of the AMR exhibition is scheduled to be displayed along with public engagement efforts, Spring 2024. Of which, the conservation of the Nottingham Catchfly will feature. The plant has been extinct in its wild habitat for two centuries. The library has been leading an effort to re-introduce it to the library's historic garden, and the local community. The exhibition will attract public attention and serve as an entry point to highlight this conservation impact and encourage visitors to cultivate their own plants. The findings from the oxymel research (currently in the top 5% of all research outputs scored by Altmetric) has led to connections with NHS clinicians and trials team and practicing herbalists in the form of future collaborative applications, working groups, radio interviews, co-presenting a public lecture and other speaking engagements. |
| First Year Of Impact | 2023 |
| Sector | Education,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections |
| Impact Types | Cultural Societal |
| Description | Antimicrobial Resistance National Action Plan |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
| Description | Priorities for UK research and innovation - policy, funding, strategic development and coordination |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
| Description | Excel in Science |
| Amount | £4,470 (GBP) |
| Organisation | University of Nottingham |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 07/2022 |
| End | 10/2023 |
| Description | Research England Participatory Research, Institute for Policy and Engagement |
| Amount | £9,669 (GBP) |
| Organisation | University of Nottingham |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 03/2023 |
| End | 09/2023 |
| Description | URSS |
| Amount | £990 (GBP) |
| Organisation | University of Warwick |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 05/2021 |
| End | 08/2021 |
| Description | URSS |
| Amount | £1,500 (GBP) |
| Organisation | University of Warwick |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 05/2021 |
| End | 08/2021 |
| Description | Warwick Ventures i2i Market Exploration |
| Amount | £865 (GBP) |
| Organisation | University of Warwick |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 01/2021 |
| End | 04/2021 |
| Description | Wellcome-Warwick Translational Partnership |
| Amount | £600 (GBP) |
| Organisation | Wellcome Trust |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 12/2023 |
| End | 12/2023 |
| Title | Dataset of Medieval Medical Remedies |
| Description | This dataset expands on the dataset and methodology first described in the pilot study available at: doi.org/10.1128/mBio.03136-19. As described in the UKRI award objectives, this project aims to apply the methodology from the pilot study to an expanded dataset in order to identify antimicrobial combinations contained in historical medical remedies. Currently, as I've just been working on this award for 1 year and 3 months, the current dataset is still a work in progress and not ready for publication. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2020 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | The pilot study has been downloaded over 6000 times. The work has inspired collaboration with other researchers who have applied the methodology to their own datasets of medieval remedies. |
| URL | http://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.03136-19 |
| Title | Network Visualisations of Nettle Remedies |
| Description | A selection of Old English, Middle English, Latin, and Medieval Welsh recipes based in nettle remedies were prepared and visualised using a method developed by Connelly, Harrison, and del Genio for structuring and analysing medieval datasets |
| Type Of Material | Data analysis technique |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Application of technique expanded to include 3 additional languages; publication reaches a broad audience; requests for further information; 1 publication and 2 forthcoming publications |
| URL | http://ancientbiotics.co.uk |
| Title | Visualisation of the Latin Lilium |
| Description | This was a URSS-funded visualisation of specific ingredients in a medieval text performed by an undergraduate student for a summer project |
| Type Of Material | Data analysis technique |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | No |
| Impact | This dataset was presented at a symposium; it is foundational to a further lab analysis of the ingredients identified, which will be complete in Spring 2022 (with publication following) |
| Description | Ancientbiotics |
| Organisation | University of Nottingham |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | We are a cross-disciplinary team of medievalists and scientists from different disciplines who are interested in the remedies from historical and traditional medicine. Our collaboration considers medieval pharmacology and one of our aims is to investigate whether any of the remedies may be adapted to help to find new solutions for modern problems, such as a rise in antimicrobial resistance. The new (2022) team website is a repository of our publications and forthcoming work: ancientbiotics.co.uk |
| Collaborator Contribution | We are a cross-disciplinary team of medievalists and scientists from different disciplines who are interested in the remedies from historical and traditional medicine. Our collaboration considers medieval pharmacology and one of our aims is to investigate whether any of the remedies may be adapted to help to find new solutions for modern problems, such as a rise in antimicrobial resistance. The new (2022) team website is a repository of our publications and forthcoming work: ancientbiotics.co.uk |
| Impact | This is an interdisciplinary collaboration. The disciplines include: medieval studies; microbiology; chemistry; mathematics (data science) https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.17.468953 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-69273-8 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-74242-2 https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.03136-19 https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110546316/html https://www.archaeopress.com/ArchaeopressShop/Public/displayProductDetail.asp?id=%7BAA2649E3-9091-41AE-ABA4-EA2BAEDAC14B%7D https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01129-15 The collaboration also has created research projects for a number of students from undergraduate to postgraduate level, as well as opportunities for interdisciplinary outreach and engagement activities with young people (Big Bang Fair, input into CREST projects) and adults (talks at museums and science festivals). See the forthcoming website (2022) ancientbiotics.co.uk for full project details and team publications. |
| Start Year | 2014 |
| Description | Network Analysis |
| Organisation | Coventry University |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | This collaboration exists to analyse the dataset of medieval recipes, which is still in progress |
| Collaborator Contribution | This collaboration exists to analyse the dataset of medieval recipes, which is still in progress |
| Impact | multi-disciplinary: mathematics (complex networks) and medieval studies Main output: https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.03136-19 See also: ancientbiotics.co.uk |
| Start Year | 2020 |
| Description | 7 School Events and 3 University Class Events |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Schools |
| Results and Impact | As part of the exhibition Plants & Prayers, 7 class visits with two schools (one on-site and six virtual classes for GCSE History of Medicine modules); 3 university classes in the gallery, including one for student midwives. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | An Introduction to Ancienbiotics: Medieval Medicine for Modern Infections, Bromley House Library |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | The event was attended by an international audience of over 100 people. It was the most attended event the organisation has ever had. It stimulated many follow-up conversations and potential future collaboration with medical herbalists. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| Description | Ancientbiotics website |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | My colleague and I have constructed a new website to act as a repository for team collaboration outputs, publications, and forthcoming projects. It is intended to disseminate research to a large, global audience interested in the team's progress or research in the potential of historical and traditional medical recipes. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| URL | http://ancientbiotics.co.uk |
| Description | BBC Radio 4 Interview |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Interview given by Christina Lee and Freya Harrison pertaining to an update on the work of the Ancientbiotics consortium |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m0011ry2 |
| Description | Blog for student intern on exhibition |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | The project intern for the exhibition Plants & Prayers reflects on her work and the impact of the experience |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://blogs.nottingham.ac.uk/wordsonwords/2023/06/26/how-working-on-the-plants-prayers-exhibition-... |
| Description | CLIR Summer Seminar |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | The talk introduced participants (postdocs, supervisors, leaders, donors) drawn from institutions across the United States to the work of Ancientbiotics. The talk stimulated an excellent discussion and interest and engagement in the work of the Ancientbiotics team |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| Description | Council on Library and Information Resources Mentorship |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I served as a mentor to postdoc holding a CLIR-Mellon Fellowship in the United States. The purpose was to advance the career and outputs of the fellow during and after their fellowship programme by meeting the following objectives: Careers: advising about how to translate the CLIR fellowship into a particular type of career. Contacts: introducing new fellows to people connected with relevant organizations, projects, or institutions. Culture: navigating professional and workplace expectations and cultures while seeking work-life balance. Professional Development: identifying opportunities to gain new skills and resources. Conflict: negotiating difficulties that may arise during the fellowship. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | DLF Cultural Assessment Working Group |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | In 2020, the Cultural Assessment Working Group activities included examining how cultural biases are embedded in digital libraries/collections, assessing digital collections and their cultural impact, leading open meeting 18 Sept 2020. During 2020, the Cultural Assessment Group refined the Selection Workflow Framework, Digitization Selection Survey, Inclusive Metadata Framework, and Speaker Series related to cultural competencies, digital libraries, and digital collections. As part of this working group, I contributed lesson plans to the DLF toolkit. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| URL | https://www.diglib.org/groups/assessment/ |
| Description | Decolonising Languages Network |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | The main event was the Decolonising Modern Languages: A Symposium for Sharing Practices and Ideas, organised by the Institute of Modern Languages Research, School of Advanced Study, University of London, 8-11 September 2020. The Decolonising Languages Network shares ideas with parties interested in the decolonial approach to language research, teaching, scholarship, performance and more. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| URL | https://modernlanguages.sas.ac.uk/research-fellowships/decolonising-languages-network |
| Description | EDI Working Group |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
| Results and Impact | develop governance, strategy and protocols for library structure to improve outcomes for staff, members, and volunteers; implemented schedule of events related to EDI |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023,2024 |
| Description | Early Modern Medicine Research Group |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Volunteers successfully created a database of medicinal plants and their uses, which is now fully searchable in the University of Nottingham Reading Room by ingredient and ailment. This database contains 1250 entries and was the primary objective of this project. Project volunteers transcribed the information from a range of early modern printed volumes (herbals) and personal papers, for example cures shared between family members in correspondence and handwritten domestic recipe books. These medicinal recipes sometimes differ from the printed volumes and demonstrates how people adapted them to suit their personal needs, the availability of ingredients, taste, and their own experiences of which cures they believed worked. Many of these archive documents have not previously been indexed and are not digitised, so this database will make it far easier for researchers to locate relevant information. The project volunteers were largely not people who were connected to the University, and they have all provided positive feedback about how much they have enjoyed this project, and have a very positive impression of the University. Several provided feedback about the impact the project has had on their sense of wellbeing including saying it as 'life-enhancing' and has led to new friendships that have continued beyond the timescale of the project. The secondary aim of the project was for the participants to produce a creative output, of their choosing. These ranged from a presentation of an analysis of the vitamin C content of the scurvy cures to determine their efficacy, a dramatic sketch performed by a doctor and the relative of a concerned patient, and poetry. They have produced an anthology of the creative works, and physical outputs such as embroidery, plant labels for the kitchen and medicinal garden at Sutton Bonington, display case in the Reading Room, and cyanotype art. Two participants have also written articles for the forthcoming edition of the university magazine, Discover (not yet printed). |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023,2024 |
| URL | https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/documents/exhibitions/plantsandprayers... |
| Description | Exhibition |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | The public exhibition was hosted in the Weston Gallery, Lakeside Arts 30 March-3 September 2023 in collaboration with University of Nottingham Special Collections and Medical School, University of Warwick, and Oxford Bodleian Library. This exhibition explored medicine and healing before 1700 and the changes that led to the development of modern medicine. The exhibition communicated present day research and innovation in regard to plant medicine and AMR and how that relates to the history of medicine using objects from medical history. The schedule of events included 4 public lunchtime talks, a guided walk, 3 public gallery tours and 5 private gallery tours, a family weekend event ('Meet a Medieval Doctor'), 7 school events, 3 university class tours (including one for student midwives) and 3 upcoming travel versions. The exhibition made academic research available to nearly 10,000 diverse visitors, and was specifically designed to engage the public of all ages and varying socio-cultural backgrounds. The exhibition was featured in local press, as well as an episode of BBC1 Countryfile (9 April 2023). There is a permanent online legacy of the digital component of the exhibition. Academic research was made relevant and accessible via a major exhibition and large schedule of public events across 6 months. We created an accessible environment in the gallery, and made the material available via other forms of media and a digital experience for those not able to attend physically. It was made possible by collaboration from 3 institutions and presented knowledge from multiple disciplines, and global teams developing new antimicrobials, including teams in the UK (Ancientbiotics), France (medieval Arabic recipes), and Nigeria (traditional anti-malarial drinks). The exhibition specifically engaged with young people, school groups, and undergraduates, including 1 family event; 7 class visits with two schools (one on-site and six virtual classes for GCSE History of Medicine modules); 3 university classes in the gallery, including one for student midwives. The exhibition had a children's corner, and made university study accessible to young visitors (some for the first time). It created opportunities for undergraduate interns: one won an Excel in Science award for the exhibition, and shaped the theme for malaria research in Nigeria. Public feedback to the lectures and learning questions indicate new perspectives and new knowledge in regard to historical medicine, AMR, and plants underlying research today. They indicate deep engagement with the themes, objects, and Ancientbiotics website with return visits and more interaction than staff have seen previously (e.g. 'visitors staying for over an hour'). In addition to impacts cited in previous answers, volunteers in the Early Medicine Research Group created a database of medicinal plants and their uses, which is now fully searchable in Uni of Notts Reading Room. Many of these archive documents have not previously been indexed and are not digitised. The database will make it far easier for researchers to locate information. These public volunteers were not connected to the University, and they have all provided positive feedback. Several stated the project had a positive impact on their sense of wellbeing, including describing it as 'life-enhancing' and leading to new friendships. They created an anthology of creative works available on the website. We plan to use student and public responses to the exhibition themes to recommend changes to the national curriculum in history of medicine (on-going). |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.lakesidearts.org.uk/special-collections/event/5764/plants-prayers.html |
| Description | Guided Gallery Tour |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | 3 guided walkthroughs of the Plants and Prayers exhibition for public and university members and detailed presentation about the stories behind the items on display. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.lakesidearts.org.uk/special-collections/event/5765/plants-and-prayers-gallery-tours.html |
| Description | Guided Walk |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Members of the public were able to explore places of health, illness and pollution in the pre-modern urban landscape with Dr Chris King. What was the standard of health and medicine? Were medieval towns really as dirty and disease-ridden as popular myth would have us believe? Audiences reported changes in knowledge and beliefs. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.lakesidearts.org.uk/special-collections/event/5782/plants-and-prayers-guided-walk.html |
| Description | Herbal Remedies Health Network working group |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Herbal Remedies: Tacit Knowledge and Collaboration: working group within the Herbal History Research Network (HHRN) comprising herbalists, philologists and historians with a view to exploring the processes and practices used to make herbal remedies described in medical texts, 4-11th century. Outputs: meet virtually, discuss chosen remedies and write up a methodology which would be tested, reviewed and adjusted accordingly. In doing so, this work will shine a light on and disseminate more widely the tacit knowledge and processes used for making herbal remedies which are rarely recorded. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | Interview |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | Interview with news outlet re Ancientbiotics - the impact is to challenge popular conceptions of medieval medicine and highlight interdisciplinary research projects in the context of natural product research (to inform and engage). More traffic has appeared for the team website and further requests for public engagement opportunities and collaborative work have arisen (specifically citing this article) |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.theguardian.com/education/2023/feb/26/the-return-to-medieval-medicine-to-treat-ailments |
| Description | Interview for International Publication |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | Interview with major publication which has a far reach |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/ancient-honey-and-vinegar-combo-could-actually-treat-infe... |
| Description | Interview for local newspaper |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Interview with local newspaper to encourage attendance for my co-curated exhibition 'Plants and Prayers' |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://issuu.com/leftlion/docs/159-full_mag_compressed/38 |
| Description | Interview for television |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Interview for BBC Two Countryfile featuring my co-curated exhibition 'Plants and Prayers' |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m001kzb4 |
| Description | Interview with international publication |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | Interview to disseminate research and raise awareness to an international audience |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| URL | https://www.plantes-et-sante.fr/articles/on-en-parle/6281-la-medecine-se-penche-sur-les-remedes-medi... |
| Description | Interview with news media |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | Print interview with Sunday Times which also lead to a radio interview |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/nhs-could-use-honey-and-vinegar-for-low-cost-wound-care-0h67dlc6r |
| Description | Meet a Medieval Doctor |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | An interactive living history afternoon for families with young children to discover the medicines and charms used by early medieval English people by talking to Wulfhild, our 10th century "leech" or doctor. An engaging session by touch and smell sights and sounds - attended by over 100 visitors |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.lakesidearts.org.uk/children-and-families/event/5826/meet-a-medieval-doctor.html?fbclid=... |
| Description | Peer review for Icelandic Research Fund |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Review of applications for prestigious funding from the Icelandic Research Fund with impact for postgraduates and research institutions |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| URL | https://en.rannis.is/ |
| Description | Postgraduate webinar for Midlands universities |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Over 100 postgraduate students from universities in the midlands attended this webinar intended to provide an overview of careers after an arts & humanities PhD. The webinar was a great success which stimulated a productive discussion from the PhD in considering career options and future opportunities. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| Description | Presentation Alderley Park |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | The purpose of this presentation was to showcase my business proposal to industry representatives. Significant connections with industry leads were made following this presentation |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Presentation for Waitrose Collaborative Doctoral Training programme |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | This event was three days of talks from professionals within the industry and academia intended to highlight pathways for PhD students considering their future options. It was a fruitful and productive event to introduce PhD students to the many pathways available to them after graduation. I was invited to speak again after a positive impact in 2022 for the same programme (different cohort of students) |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | Press Interview |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Research press release featured in New York Post |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://nypost.com/2023/07/12/these-common-pantry-goods-could-be-key-to-fighting-superbugs-new-study... |
| Description | Press release |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | University Press release |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://warwick.ac.uk/newsandevents/pressreleases/?newsItem=8a17841b8949662201894f5ed84e275d |
| Description | Press release |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | Press release by Microbiology Society |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://microbiologysociety.org/news/press-releases/historical-medicine-suggests-a-new-way-to-use-mo... |
| Description | Public Lecture |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Over 100 people attended the public lecture in connection with my exhibition 'Plants and Prayers: Medicine before 1700' which provided new information about using MSI for stains in manuscripts and network analysis for natural product research |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.lakesidearts.org.uk/special-collections/event/5764/plants-prayers.html |
| Description | Public Lecture |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Part of our exhibition lecture series: The perception is that medieval medicine was backward - but is this true? Dr Christina Lee explores what medieval healing and medicine looked like, from remedies and healing practices to the question of where people could seek help for their illnesses, and explores the changes to medicine over time. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.lakesidearts.org.uk/special-collections/event/5767/talk-pustules-and-potions.html |
| Description | Public Lecture |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Over 100 members of the public and university attended this public lecture which explored the technologies involving analysis of manuscript stains and the creation of medical ingredient networks using tools from complex network mathematics and digital humanities. They reported deep engagement with the subject (via feedback) along with changes in perception and opinions in relation to historical medicine and present day applications. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.lakesidearts.org.uk/special-collections/event/5766/talk-elixirs-and-stains.html |
| Description | Public Lecture |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Dr Claire Burridge shares her research on early medieval medical recipes, highlighting the appearance of non-local ingredients that were unrecorded in classical medical writings. To what extent does the inclusion of exotic ingredients, such as ambergris and camphor, shed light on the movement of medical knowledge? |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.lakesidearts.org.uk/special-collections/event/5768/talk-medicine-on-the-move.html |
| Description | Public Lecture |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Public Lecture as part of our exhibition lectures series: Scientific Evidence of Usage of Ingredients in Historical Medicinal Recipes: The emerging field of 'biocodicology', where biological data contained within old books and manuscripts is interrogated, offers opportunities to apply a molecular narrative to material culture. Professor Robert Layfield explores the possibility that protein residues, preserved for centuries on the surfaces of books and manuscripts containing historical medicinal recipes, may be alive with biological information that speaks to their handling and use. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.lakesidearts.org.uk/special-collections/event/5825/talk-proteins-from-print.html |
| Description | Radio Interview |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | Publication featured on Sunday Times podcast with John Pienaar (13 July 2023 at 17.25) |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.thetimes.co.uk/radio/show/20240307-25780/2024-03-07 |
| Description | Resonate Festival |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Created a talk and poster as outreach for the University of Warwick's history department as part of the wider Resonate Festival to engage the general public medieval topics (event was postponed at the last minute to March 2022) |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021,2022 |
| URL | https://warwick.ac.uk/about/cityofculture/get-involved/programme/ |
| Description | Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh Public Lecture |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | This was a public lecture for the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh as part of an annual series of lectures in collaboration with the University of Edinburgh, titled the Edinburgh History of Medicine Group. The presentation sparked many follow-up questions and potential future collaborative discussions. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| Description | Summary of Research for Newsletter |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Supporters |
| Results and Impact | I wrote a lay summary of the history of the early N. American (17th-century) Zerobabel Endecott, Book of Remedies, Frederick Lewis Gay Collection, Box 1, Folder 22; https://www.masshist.org/collection-guides/view/fa0363 to be included in the JEFA newsletter with an international reach to members, supporters, and donors to the organisation. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://endecottendicott.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/public/newsletters_good/JEFA+News+vol+13+no+3+ap... |
| Description | Talk for British Society for the History of Pharmacy |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Talk by Freya Harrison giving an overview of search for modern medicines from medieval recipes, including wider Ancientbiotics consortium and collaborative work with Erin Connelly and Charo del Genio |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wHRDJCMwkRI&t=1728s |
| Description | Transcription of medical text for JEFA and MHS |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Supporters |
| Results and Impact | I performed a novel transcription and description of Zerubbabel Endicott's 17th-century medical notes for the John Endicott Family Association (JEFA) and Massachusetts Historical Society (MHS). The article was published in the JEFA newsletter and the transcription is now housed on the JEFA website (largely for member and general public interest) and a copy was provided to MHS to be available alongside the physical manuscript. If time allows, it would be beneficial to transform this transcription into an academic publication due to its connections with early North American medicine, an influential family in early N. American history, alchemy, and far-reaching Puritan correspondence networks. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://www.endecottendicott.com/books |
| Description | Transitioning from PhD to Postdoc |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | The event was centred on describing my academic experience to current PhD students and informing them of the many pathways available in the postdoc landscape. Topics included: survivorship bias, building networks, interdisciplinary work, opportunities to build skills at the university, funding programmes, and narrative CVs versus traditional CVs |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| Description | URSS Research Presentation |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Undergraduate students |
| Results and Impact | My summer project student presented their novel research outcomes for the URSS symposium (these are outcomes related to my UKRI FLF grant objectives). The purpose was to showcase their work and disseminate research to the academic community at the University of Warwick |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://warwick.ac.uk/services/skills/urss/ |
| Description | University of Nottingham blog post for PhD students |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | This post was based on a talk I delivered to PhD students about transitioning to postdoctoral opportunities. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| URL | https://blogs.nottingham.ac.uk/careers/2022/01/24/phd-to-postdoc/ |
| Description | Waitrose CTP final year PhD students and RRES PhD students Career Day |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | This event was three days of talks from professionals within the industry and academia intended to highlight pathways for PhD students considering their future options. It was a fruitful and productive event to introduce PhD students to the many pathways available to them after graduation |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| Description | Warwick Insights |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Schools |
| Results and Impact | This talk was for a 3-day work experience programme for economically disadvantaged year 12 students in partnership with a charity called the EY Foundation. It is part of Warwick's Social Inclusion agenda, and of the commitment to removing barriers that have traditionally prevented people from working and studying at Warwick. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| Description | Work cited by podcast |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Work cited on this podcast with a broad reach showing wide dissemination and reach |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/a-poultice-of-pigeon-droppings/id1671879772?i=1000607467785 |