Life course epidemiology of women's reproductive health and its relation to chronic disease
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Bristol
Department Name: Social Medicine
Abstract
Reproductive health is important to a woman's overall health and well-being and is increasingly recognised as a marker for other diseases that she might experience later on in life. However there are gaps in our knowledge about what causes some women to have poorer reproductive health, for example, have highly irregular menstrual cycles, difficulties getting pregnant, or experience hot flashes and night sweats around menopause. I propose to answer these gaps. I will use information from several large studies that include many women, some of which have collected information on women since they were in the womb or since their birth. I will use this information to find out what affects their reproductive hormone levels, their menstrual patterns and how easy it is for them to get pregnant in early adulthood, and how likely they are to have complications of pregnancy. This is important as some of the causes of poor reproductive health may be preventable. Also, women are increasingly having children at older ages and it is important that we understand what affects women's chances of getting pregnant and having a healthy pregnancy. There are also gaps in our understanding of why women with poorer reproductive health, including complications of pregnancy, such as pre-eclampsia, are more likely to have other diseases later in their life such as heart disease. Here too I will use large studies of older women, to find out why some women with poorer reproductive health are more likely to have heart disease, diabetes, breast cancer and other diseases later in life. Understanding the relationship between women's reproductive health and other diseases is important as it may identify potential new treatments. I will also assess whether information about reproductive health which women accurately and easily remember can be used to accurately predict their chances of having diabetes, heart and bone disease and dementia later in life. This is important as women at high risk can then be offered advice or treatment that will lower that risk.
Technical Summary
Reproductive health is important to a woman's overall health and well-being and is increasingly recognised as a sentinel for chronic disease in later life. However important knowledge gaps in the life course epidemiology of female reproductive health and in the understanding of the nature of its relation to chronic disease remain. Here I will study multiple exposures from foetal life to adulthood in relation to reproductive health and potential as measured by reproductive hormones in early adulthood, a critical time for family planning. I will use information on multiple reproductive indicators such as menstrual cycle characteristics, parity, pregnancy complications, gynaecological disorders and their treatment, to better characterize women's reproductive health. I will study relations between these reproductive indicators (separately and in combination), reproductive hormones and major chronic disease outcomes (including breast cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporotic fractures, depression, dementia, and lung disease) and disease markers to study causality and identify mechanistic pathways. Finally, I will examine whether readily available information on indicators of female reproductive health can improve risk stratification in women. I will use data from multiple complimentary studies and a variety of analytical approaches to identify causal pathways, as well as novel statistical methods to formally compare different life course models of the relationship between early life exposures, reproductive health and later disease outcomes. This work has the potential to inform preventive strategies, to identify treatment targets for female reproductive health as well as related chronic diseases, and to improve risk stratification in women at increased risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and dementia. This is important because most are preventable or have a better prognosis if treated earlier and all are costly to health services.
Planned Impact
The aims of this research are to identify the determinants of women's reproductive health and potential in early adulthood, and to clarify whether women's reproductive health is causally related to several major diseases that are prevalent in women and if so, to identify the causal pathways. This has the potential to impact on the following groups of beneficiaries in the short to medium term, i.e. during the life of this fellowship:
1. A wide range of scientists investigating disease mechanisms. As the work proposed here aims to study the aetiology of women's reproductive health and its potential contribution to a range of major disease outcomes, findings may inform the work of colleagues investigating the aetiology of reproductive health but also of breast cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, dementia, depression and lung disease using various approaches from investigations at the molecular level, through to population based approaches.
2. Researchers using a life course approach, as the work proposed here will contribute to developing novel statistical methods to compare different life course models.
3. Both myself and the appointed researcher on this project will gain immediate skills which are particularly relevant to research but that are also transferable and applicable in other contexts. These include skills in project management including people and data management, programming, and communication skills.
Beneficiaries in the medium and longer term, i.e. both during and beyond the life of the fellowship include:
4. Ultimately the goal of this research is to improve the well-being and health of women worldwide. Through better understanding of what affects women's reproductive health and potential; how their reproductive health contributes to the risk of major disease outcomes; and how readily available information on women's reproductive health can be used to identify women at risk of chronic disease, the work proposed here can inform preventive strategies, identify potential treatment targets, as well as ensure more effective provision of care. Improving our understanding of what affects reproductive health and potential in early adulthood can inform women's family planning as well as estimates of future demand for assisted reproduction technologies. By improving the accuracy and/or simplifying existing risk prediction scores, women at increased risk of a range of diseases can be identified and offered effective interventions to prevent, treat and manage their risk. By clarifying the role of pregnancy complications in shaping CVD risk, the management of women who experienced a pregnancy complication in the post-partum period can be improved and potential treatment targets can be identified. More effective risk stratification and healthcare provision is also likely to be of economic benefit to health service providers and to society in general.
5. National and international bodies responsible for issuing clinical guidance on organisation and management of care, screening policies and the use of risk prediction models, such as the UK Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.
1. A wide range of scientists investigating disease mechanisms. As the work proposed here aims to study the aetiology of women's reproductive health and its potential contribution to a range of major disease outcomes, findings may inform the work of colleagues investigating the aetiology of reproductive health but also of breast cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, dementia, depression and lung disease using various approaches from investigations at the molecular level, through to population based approaches.
2. Researchers using a life course approach, as the work proposed here will contribute to developing novel statistical methods to compare different life course models.
3. Both myself and the appointed researcher on this project will gain immediate skills which are particularly relevant to research but that are also transferable and applicable in other contexts. These include skills in project management including people and data management, programming, and communication skills.
Beneficiaries in the medium and longer term, i.e. both during and beyond the life of the fellowship include:
4. Ultimately the goal of this research is to improve the well-being and health of women worldwide. Through better understanding of what affects women's reproductive health and potential; how their reproductive health contributes to the risk of major disease outcomes; and how readily available information on women's reproductive health can be used to identify women at risk of chronic disease, the work proposed here can inform preventive strategies, identify potential treatment targets, as well as ensure more effective provision of care. Improving our understanding of what affects reproductive health and potential in early adulthood can inform women's family planning as well as estimates of future demand for assisted reproduction technologies. By improving the accuracy and/or simplifying existing risk prediction scores, women at increased risk of a range of diseases can be identified and offered effective interventions to prevent, treat and manage their risk. By clarifying the role of pregnancy complications in shaping CVD risk, the management of women who experienced a pregnancy complication in the post-partum period can be improved and potential treatment targets can be identified. More effective risk stratification and healthcare provision is also likely to be of economic benefit to health service providers and to society in general.
5. National and international bodies responsible for issuing clinical guidance on organisation and management of care, screening policies and the use of risk prediction models, such as the UK Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.
Organisations
- University of Bristol (Lead Research Organisation)
- University of Cape Town (Collaboration)
- University of Bath (Collaboration)
- Cardiff University (Collaboration)
- Universidade de São Paulo (Collaboration)
- Lund University (Collaboration)
- Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) (Collaboration)
- Harvard University (Collaboration)
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) (Collaboration)
Publications
Anderson EL
(2015)
Childhood energy intake is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents.
in The Journal of nutrition
Ferreira DLS
(2015)
Associations of Central and Peripheral Blood Pressure With Cardiac Structure and Function in an Adolescent Birth Cohort: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.
in Journal of the American College of Cardiology
Anderson EL
(2015)
The Prevalence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
in PloS one
Sharp GC
(2015)
Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain, offspring DNA methylation and later offspring adiposity: findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.
in International journal of epidemiology
Macdonald-Wallis C
(2015)
Antenatal blood pressure for prediction of pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, and small for gestational age babies: development and validation in two general population cohorts.
in BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
Fraser A
(2016)
Nonlinear Exposure-Outcome Associations and Public Health Policy.
in JAMA
Timpka S
(2016)
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Offspring Cardiac Structure and Function in Adolescence.
in Journal of the American Heart Association
Hiller RM
(2016)
Research Review: Changes in the prevalence and symptom severity of child post-traumatic stress disorder in the year following trauma - a meta-analytic study.
in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines
Schultz M
(2016)
Exaggerated Exercise Blood Pressure is Associated with Higher Left Ventricular Mass in Adolescence. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.
in Journal of hypertension
Howe LD
(2016)
Relationship between mediation analysis and the structured life course approach.
in International journal of epidemiology
Simpson J
(2016)
Cord Blood Adipokines and Lipids and Adolescent Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
Richmond RC
(2016)
DNA Methylation and BMI: Investigating Identified Methylation Sites at HIF3A in a Causal Framework.
in Diabetes
Anderson EL
(2017)
Adversity in childhood and measures of aging in midlife: Findings from a cohort of british women.
in Psychology and aging
Magnus MC
(2017)
Number of Offspring and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Men and Women: The Role of Shared Lifestyle Characteristics.
in Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)
Anderson EL
(2017)
Prospective associations of psychosocial adversity in childhood with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in adulthood: the MRC National Survey of Health and Development.
in International journal for equity in health
Magnus MC
(2017)
Vanishing twin syndrome among ART singletons and pregnancy outcomes.
in Human reproduction (Oxford, England)
Soares ALG
(2017)
Parental Separation and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Late Adolescence: A Cross-Cohort Comparison.
in American journal of epidemiology
Simpson J
(2017)
Programming of Adiposity in Childhood and Adolescence: Associations With Birth Weight and Cord Blood Adipokines.
in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
Haug EB
(2017)
Pre-pregnancy Blood Pressure and Offspring Sex in the HUNT Study, Norway.
in American journal of hypertension
Alsnes IV
(2017)
Hypertension in Pregnancy and Offspring Cardiovascular Risk in Young Adulthood: Prospective and Sibling Studies in the HUNT Study (Nord-Trøndelag Health Study) in Norway.
in Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)
Magnus MC
(2018)
Vitamin D and risk of pregnancy related hypertensive disorders: mendelian randomisation study.
in BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
Park C
(2018)
Elevated Blood Pressure in Adolescence Is Attributable to a Combination of Elevated Cardiac Output and Total Peripheral Resistance.
in Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)
Magnus MC
(2018)
Age at Menarche and Cardiometabolic Health: A Sibling Analysis in the Scottish Family Health Study.
in Journal of the American Heart Association
Haug EB
(2018)
The impact of parity on life course blood pressure trajectories: the HUNT study in Norway.
in European journal of epidemiology
Foo FL
(2018)
Association Between Prepregnancy Cardiovascular Function and Subsequent Preeclampsia or Fetal Growth Restriction.
in Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)
Magnus M
(2018)
Vitamin D and Risk of Pregnancy-Related Hypertensive Disorders: Mendelian Randomization Study
in Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey
Barnett W
(2018)
Maltreatment in childhood and intimate partner violence: A latent class growth analysis in a South African pregnancy cohort.
in Child abuse & neglect
Fraser A
(2018)
Women's Cardiovascular Health After a Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy.
in Annals of internal medicine
O'Keeffe LM
(2018)
Sex-specific trajectories of measures of cardiovascular health during childhood and adolescence: A prospective cohort study.
in Atherosclerosis
Haug EB
(2018)
Correction to: The impact of parity on life course blood pressure trajectories: the HUNT study in Norway.
in European journal of epidemiology
Magnus MC
(2018)
Childhood psychosocial adversity and female reproductive timing: a cohort study of the ALSPAC mothers.
in Journal of epidemiology and community health
Lawn RB
(2018)
Associations Between Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain and Daughter's Age at Menarche: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.
in American journal of epidemiology
Anderson EL
(2018)
Associations of adversity in childhood and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in mid-adulthood.
in Child abuse & neglect
Timpka S
(2018)
Midlife development of type 2 diabetes and hypertension in women by history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
in Cardiovascular diabetology
Magnus MC
(2018)
Independent and combined associations of maternal and own smoking with adult lung function and COPD.
in International journal of epidemiology
Magnus M
(2018)
Paternal and maternal obesity but not gestational weight gain is associated with type 1 diabetes
in International Journal of Epidemiology
Guyatt A
(2018)
Early life adiposity and telomere length across the life course: a systematic review and meta-analysis
in Wellcome Open Research
Timpka S
(2018)
The value of pregnancy complication history for 10-year cardiovascular disease risk prediction in middle-aged women.
in European journal of epidemiology
Magnus MC
(2018)
Parental Smoking and Risk of Childhood-onset Type 1 Diabetes.
in Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)
Haug EB
(2018)
Life Course Trajectories of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women With and Without Hypertensive Disorders in First Pregnancy: The HUNT Study in Norway.
in Journal of the American Heart Association
Magnus MC
(2018)
Hypertensive Disorders During Pregnancy and Offspring Retinal Microvasculature During Adolescence.
in Journal of the American College of Cardiology
Falkner B
(2018)
Cardiac Output Versus Total Peripheral Resistance.
in Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)
| Title | Painting depicting the link between early life trauma and health in later life |
| Description | This artwork was produced by Laura Cramer (http://www.cramerpaintings.com) as part of the Creative Reactions project. It depicts Laura's representation of the potential effects of early life trauma on health in later life. |
| Type Of Art | Artwork |
| Year Produced | 2018 |
| Impact | The artwork was displayed at the Research Without Borders festival and at an exhibition in Hamilton House in Bristol. |
| Description | Alcohol in pregnancy |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Implementation circular/rapid advice/letter to e.g. Ministry of Health |
| Description | Light prenatal alcohol consumption |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
| URL | https://clahrc-west.nihr.ac.uk/news-item/sobering-evidence-drinking-pregnancy-know-little-much/ |
| Description | AMS GCRF |
| Amount | £25,000 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | GCRFNG\100313 |
| Organisation | Academy of Medical Sciences (AMS) |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 03/2018 |
| End | 03/2019 |
| Description | Benjamin Meaker Visiting Professorship |
| Amount | £2,125 (GBP) |
| Organisation | University of Bristol |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 03/2018 |
| End | 03/2018 |
| Description | Benjamin Meaker Visiting Professorships |
| Amount | £1,900 (GBP) |
| Organisation | University of Bristol |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 03/2017 |
| End | 03/2017 |
| Description | Bi-national investigation of placental pathology and maternal cardiovascular health (BI-PATH) |
| Amount | € 1,000,000 (EUR) |
| Organisation | British Heart Foundation (BHF) |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 07/2024 |
| End | 07/2029 |
| Description | Determinants and health sequelae of intimate partner violence and abuse in young adult relationships: a mixed methods study |
| Amount | £560,069 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | MR/S002634/1 |
| Organisation | Medical Research Council (MRC) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 12/2018 |
| End | 11/2022 |
| Description | GW4 initiator award |
| Amount | £13,483 (GBP) |
| Organisation | GW4 |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 01/2016 |
| End | 04/2016 |
| Description | MRC strategic skills |
| Amount | £354,380 (GBP) |
| Organisation | Medical Research Council (MRC) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | |
| Description | MRC strategic skills fellowship |
| Amount | £407,000 (GBP) |
| Organisation | Medical Research Council (MRC) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | |
| Description | Placental pathology and the lifelong health of mothers and offspring (PLACENTA-PATH) |
| Amount | € 2,000,000 (EUR) |
| Organisation | European Research Council (ERC) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | Belgium |
| Start | 08/2024 |
| End | 08/2029 |
| Description | The Placenta in Maternal and Fetal Cardiovascular Health and Disease |
| Amount | $8,000,000 (USD) |
| Organisation | The Leducq Foundation |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| Country | France |
| Start | 01/2025 |
| End | 12/2029 |
| Title | Additional file 10 of Sex differences in systemic metabolites at four life stages: cohort study with repeated metabolomics |
| Description | Additional file 10: Supplementary Table 9. Sex differences in metabolites in middle adulthood among ALSPAC parents, with menopausal comparisons. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://springernature.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Additional_file_10_of_Sex_differences_in_system... |
| Title | Additional file 10 of Sex differences in systemic metabolites at four life stages: cohort study with repeated metabolomics |
| Description | Additional file 10: Supplementary Table 9. Sex differences in metabolites in middle adulthood among ALSPAC parents, with menopausal comparisons. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://springernature.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Additional_file_10_of_Sex_differences_in_system... |
| Title | Additional file 11 of Sex differences in systemic metabolites at four life stages: cohort study with repeated metabolomics |
| Description | Additional file 11: Supplementary Table 10. Sex differences in metabolites in middle adulthood among ALSPAC parents, with menopausal comparisons and BMI adjustment. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://springernature.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Additional_file_11_of_Sex_differences_in_system... |
| Title | Additional file 11 of Sex differences in systemic metabolites at four life stages: cohort study with repeated metabolomics |
| Description | Additional file 11: Supplementary Table 10. Sex differences in metabolites in middle adulthood among ALSPAC parents, with menopausal comparisons and BMI adjustment. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://springernature.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Additional_file_11_of_Sex_differences_in_system... |
| Title | Additional file 12 of Sex differences in systemic metabolites at four life stages: cohort study with repeated metabolomics |
| Description | Additional file 12: Supplementary Table 11. Sex differences in metabolites in middle adulthood among ALSPAC parents, with menopausal comparisons and BMI adjustment. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://springernature.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Additional_file_12_of_Sex_differences_in_system... |
| Title | Additional file 12 of Sex differences in systemic metabolites at four life stages: cohort study with repeated metabolomics |
| Description | Additional file 12: Supplementary Table 11. Sex differences in metabolites in middle adulthood among ALSPAC parents, with menopausal comparisons and BMI adjustment. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://springernature.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Additional_file_12_of_Sex_differences_in_system... |
| Title | Additional file 2 of Identifying potential causal effects of age at menarche: a Mendelian randomization phenome-wide association study |
| Description | Additional file 2. Analysis code. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2020 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://springernature.figshare.com/articles/Additional_file_2_of_Identifying_potential_causal_effec... |
| Title | Additional file 2 of Identifying potential causal effects of age at menarche: a Mendelian randomization phenome-wide association study |
| Description | Additional file 2. Analysis code. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2020 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://springernature.figshare.com/articles/Additional_file_2_of_Identifying_potential_causal_effec... |
| Title | Additional file 2 of Sex differences in systemic metabolites at four life stages: cohort study with repeated metabolomics |
| Description | Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 1. Descriptive characteristics of ALSPAC participants eligible vs ineligible for =1 analysis. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://springernature.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Additional_file_2_of_Sex_differences_in_systemi... |
| Title | Additional file 2 of Sex differences in systemic metabolites at four life stages: cohort study with repeated metabolomics |
| Description | Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 1. Descriptive characteristics of ALSPAC participants eligible vs ineligible for =1 analysis. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://springernature.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Additional_file_2_of_Sex_differences_in_systemi... |
| Title | Additional file 3 of Identifying potential causal effects of age at menarche: a Mendelian randomization phenome-wide association study |
| Description | Additional file 3:Table S1. Strength of the genetic instrument in predicting age at menarche in UK Biobank. Table S2. Findings from the main analysis of the genetic risk score for age at menarche. Table S3. Finding from the main analysis of the genetic risk score for age at menarche after additional adjustment for chip used for the genotyping. Table S4. Finding from the main analysis of the genetic risk score for age at menarche after Steiger filtering. Table S5. Findings from the sensitivity analysis of the genetic risk score for age at menarche excluding SNPs associated with childhood body-mass index. Table S6. Findings from the sensitivity analysis of the genetic risk score for age at menarche excluding SNPs associated with childhood and/or adult body-mass index. Table S7. MR-Egger intercept. Table S8. Results from MR-PRESSO global test for pleoitropy and distortion tests. Table S9. Strength of the genetic instrument in predicting age at menarche in ALSPAC. Table S10. Strength of the genetic instrument in predicting body-mass index and height in UK Biobank. Table S11. Findings from the multivariable mendelian randomization analysis further adjusting for body-mass index and height. Table S12. Post hoc power calculation analyses for the replication analyses. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2020 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://springernature.figshare.com/articles/Additional_file_3_of_Identifying_potential_causal_effec... |
| Title | Additional file 3 of Identifying potential causal effects of age at menarche: a Mendelian randomization phenome-wide association study |
| Description | Additional file 3:Table S1. Strength of the genetic instrument in predicting age at menarche in UK Biobank. Table S2. Findings from the main analysis of the genetic risk score for age at menarche. Table S3. Finding from the main analysis of the genetic risk score for age at menarche after additional adjustment for chip used for the genotyping. Table S4. Finding from the main analysis of the genetic risk score for age at menarche after Steiger filtering. Table S5. Findings from the sensitivity analysis of the genetic risk score for age at menarche excluding SNPs associated with childhood body-mass index. Table S6. Findings from the sensitivity analysis of the genetic risk score for age at menarche excluding SNPs associated with childhood and/or adult body-mass index. Table S7. MR-Egger intercept. Table S8. Results from MR-PRESSO global test for pleoitropy and distortion tests. Table S9. Strength of the genetic instrument in predicting age at menarche in ALSPAC. Table S10. Strength of the genetic instrument in predicting body-mass index and height in UK Biobank. Table S11. Findings from the multivariable mendelian randomization analysis further adjusting for body-mass index and height. Table S12. Post hoc power calculation analyses for the replication analyses. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2020 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://springernature.figshare.com/articles/Additional_file_3_of_Identifying_potential_causal_effec... |
| Title | Additional file 3 of Sex differences in systemic metabolites at four life stages: cohort study with repeated metabolomics |
| Description | Additional file 3: Supplementary Table 2. Descriptive characteristics of participating ALSPAC mothers based on partners' participation status. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://springernature.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Additional_file_3_of_Sex_differences_in_systemi... |
| Title | Additional file 3 of Sex differences in systemic metabolites at four life stages: cohort study with repeated metabolomics |
| Description | Additional file 3: Supplementary Table 2. Descriptive characteristics of participating ALSPAC mothers based on partners' participation status. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://springernature.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Additional_file_3_of_Sex_differences_in_systemi... |
| Title | Additional file 4 of Sex differences in systemic metabolites at four life stages: cohort study with repeated metabolomics |
| Description | Additional file 4: Supplementary Table 3. Descriptive characteristics of participating ALSPAC offspring based on partners' (of mothers) participation status. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://springernature.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Additional_file_4_of_Sex_differences_in_systemi... |
| Title | Additional file 4 of Sex differences in systemic metabolites at four life stages: cohort study with repeated metabolomics |
| Description | Additional file 4: Supplementary Table 3. Descriptive characteristics of participating ALSPAC offspring based on partners' (of mothers) participation status. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://springernature.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Additional_file_4_of_Sex_differences_in_systemi... |
| Title | Additional file 5 of Sex differences in systemic metabolites at four life stages: cohort study with repeated metabolomics |
| Description | Additional file 5: Supplementary Table 4. Sex differences in metabolites at different life stages among ALSPAC offspring and parents. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://springernature.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Additional_file_5_of_Sex_differences_in_systemi... |
| Title | Additional file 5 of Sex differences in systemic metabolites at four life stages: cohort study with repeated metabolomics |
| Description | Additional file 5: Supplementary Table 4. Sex differences in metabolites at different life stages among ALSPAC offspring and parents. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://springernature.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Additional_file_5_of_Sex_differences_in_systemi... |
| Title | Additional file 6 of Sex differences in systemic metabolites at four life stages: cohort study with repeated metabolomics |
| Description | Additional file 6: Supplementary Table 5. Sex differences in metabolites at different life stages among ALSPAC offspring and parents. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://springernature.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Additional_file_6_of_Sex_differences_in_systemi... |
| Title | Additional file 6 of Sex differences in systemic metabolites at four life stages: cohort study with repeated metabolomics |
| Description | Additional file 6: Supplementary Table 5. Sex differences in metabolites at different life stages among ALSPAC offspring and parents. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://springernature.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Additional_file_6_of_Sex_differences_in_systemi... |
| Title | Additional file 7 of Sex differences in systemic metabolites at four life stages: cohort study with repeated metabolomics |
| Description | Additional file 7: Supplementary Table 6. Sex differences in metabolites at different life stages among ALSPAC offspring and parents, with BMI adjustment. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://springernature.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Additional_file_7_of_Sex_differences_in_systemi... |
| Title | Additional file 7 of Sex differences in systemic metabolites at four life stages: cohort study with repeated metabolomics |
| Description | Additional file 7: Supplementary Table 6. Sex differences in metabolites at different life stages among ALSPAC offspring and parents, with BMI adjustment. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://springernature.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Additional_file_7_of_Sex_differences_in_systemi... |
| Title | Additional file 8 of Sex differences in systemic metabolites at four life stages: cohort study with repeated metabolomics |
| Description | Additional file 8: Supplementary Table 7. Sex differences in metabolites at different life stages among ALSPAC offspring and parents, with BMI adjustment. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://springernature.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Additional_file_8_of_Sex_differences_in_systemi... |
| Title | Additional file 8 of Sex differences in systemic metabolites at four life stages: cohort study with repeated metabolomics |
| Description | Additional file 8: Supplementary Table 7. Sex differences in metabolites at different life stages among ALSPAC offspring and parents, with BMI adjustment. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://springernature.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Additional_file_8_of_Sex_differences_in_systemi... |
| Title | Additional file 9 of Sex differences in systemic metabolites at four life stages: cohort study with repeated metabolomics |
| Description | Additional file 9: Supplementary Table 8. Sex differences in metabolites in middle adulthood among ALSPAC parents, with menopausal comparisons. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://springernature.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Additional_file_9_of_Sex_differences_in_systemi... |
| Title | Additional file 9 of Sex differences in systemic metabolites at four life stages: cohort study with repeated metabolomics |
| Description | Additional file 9: Supplementary Table 8. Sex differences in metabolites in middle adulthood among ALSPAC parents, with menopausal comparisons. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://springernature.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Additional_file_9_of_Sex_differences_in_systemi... |
| Description | Biosocial effects of trauma |
| Organisation | Cardiff University |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Joint grant applications; training of PhD students and early career researchers; joint publications |
| Collaborator Contribution | Joint grant applications; joint publications |
| Impact | Further funding; joint publications |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | Biosocial effects of trauma |
| Organisation | Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) |
| Country | Brazil |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Joint grant applications; training of PhD students and early career researchers; joint publications |
| Collaborator Contribution | Joint grant applications; joint publications |
| Impact | Further funding; joint publications |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | Biosocial effects of trauma |
| Organisation | Universidade de São Paulo |
| Country | Brazil |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Joint grant applications; training of PhD students and early career researchers; joint publications |
| Collaborator Contribution | Joint grant applications; joint publications |
| Impact | Further funding; joint publications |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | Biosocial effects of trauma |
| Organisation | University of Bath |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Joint grant applications; training of PhD students and early career researchers; joint publications |
| Collaborator Contribution | Joint grant applications; joint publications |
| Impact | Further funding; joint publications |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | Biosocial effects of trauma |
| Organisation | University of Cape Town |
| Country | South Africa |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Joint grant applications; training of PhD students and early career researchers; joint publications |
| Collaborator Contribution | Joint grant applications; joint publications |
| Impact | Further funding; joint publications |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | Pregnancy complications and CVD: the Swedish PACER study |
| Organisation | Lund University |
| Country | Sweden |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Expertise in the shared research agenda |
| Collaborator Contribution | Expertise in the shared research agenda; data |
| Impact | First manuscript submitted |
| Start Year | 2014 |
| Description | Pregnancy complications and future CVD: the Norwegian HUNT studies |
| Organisation | Harvard University |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Expertise in the shared research agenda and analytical skills |
| Collaborator Contribution | Expertise in the shared research agenda; data |
| Impact | Several conference presentations and pending publications (under revision) |
| Start Year | 2014 |
| Description | Pregnancy complications and future CVD: the Norwegian HUNT studies |
| Organisation | Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) |
| Country | Norway |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Expertise in the shared research agenda and analytical skills |
| Collaborator Contribution | Expertise in the shared research agenda; data |
| Impact | Several conference presentations and pending publications (under revision) |
| Start Year | 2014 |