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Edinburgh DiRAC Resource Grant

Lead Research Organisation: University of Edinburgh
Department Name: Sch of Physics and Astronomy

Abstract

DiRAC (Distributed Research utilising Advanced Computing) is the integrated supercomputing facility for theoretical modelling and HPC-based research in particle physics, nuclear physics, astronomy and cosmology, areas in which the UK is world-leading. It was funded as a result of investment of £12.32 million, from the Government's Large Facilities Capital Fund, together with investment from STFC and from universities. In 2012, the DiRAC facility was upgraded with a further £15 million capital investment from government (DiRAC-2).

The DiRAC facility provides a variety of computer architectures, matching machine architecture to the algorithm design and requirements of the research problems to be solved. The science facilitated includes: using supercomputers to enable scientists to calculate what theories of the early universe predict and to test them against observations of the present universe; undertaking lattice field theory calculations whose primary aim is to increase the predictive power of the Standard Model of elementary particle interactions through numerical simulation of Quantum Chromodynamics; carrying out state-of-the-art cosmological simulations, including the large-scale distribution of dark matter, the formation of dark matter haloes, the formation and evolution of galaxies and clusters, the physics of the intergalactic medium and the properties of the intracluster gas.

This grant is to support the continued operation of the DiRAC facilities until 2017 to ensure that the UK remains one of the world-leaders of theoretical modelling in particle physics, astronomy and cosmology.

Planned Impact

The high-performance computing applications supported by DiRAC typically involve new algorithms and implementations optimised for high energy efficiency which impose demands on computer architectures that the computing industry has found useful for hardware and system software design and testing.

DiRAC researchers have on-going collaborations with computing companies that maintain this strong connection between the scientific goals of the DiRAC Consortium and the development of new computing technologies that drive the commercial high-performance computing market, with economic benefits to the companies involved and more powerful computing capabilities available to other application areas including many that address socio-economic challenges.

Publications

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Kirchschlager F (2023) Dust survival rates in clumps passing through the Cas A reverse shock - II. The impact of magnetic fields in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Coleman G (2022) Dusty circumbinary discs: inner cavity structures and stopping locations of migrating planets in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Deason A (2022) Dwarf stellar haloes: a powerful probe of small-scale galaxy formation and the nature of dark matter in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Deason A (2022) Dwarf stellar haloes: a powerful probe of small-scale galaxy formation and the nature of dark matter in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Silva HO (2021) Dynamical Descalarization in Binary Black Hole Mergers. in Physical review letters

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Silva HO (2021) Dynamical Descalarization in Binary Black Hole Mergers. in Physical review letters

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Pontzen A (2021) EDGE: a new approach to suppressing numerical diffusion in adaptive mesh simulations of galaxy formation in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Pontzen A (2021) EDGE: a new approach to suppressing numerical diffusion in adaptive mesh simulations of galaxy formation in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Rey M (2020) EDGE: from quiescent to gas-rich to star-forming low-mass dwarf galaxies in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Agertz O (2020) EDGE: the mass-metallicity relation as a critical test of galaxy formation physics in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Prgomet M (2022) EDGE: The sensitivity of ultra-faint dwarfs to a metallicity-dependent initial mass function in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Orkney M (2021) EDGE: two routes to dark matter core formation in ultra-faint dwarfs in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Orkney M (2021) EDGE: two routes to dark matter core formation in ultra-faint dwarfs in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Rey M (2022) EDGE: What shapes the relationship between H i and stellar observables in faint dwarf galaxies? in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Pagano P (2020) Effect of coronal loop structure on wave heating through phase mixing in Astronomy & Astrophysics

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Wakita S (2022) Effect of Impact Velocity and Angle on Deformational Heating and Postimpact Temperature in Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets

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Vidal J (2020) Efficiency of tidal dissipation in slowly rotating fully convective stars or planets in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Elliott E (2021) Efficient exploration and calibration of a semi-analytical model of galaxy formation with deep learning in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Elliott E (2021) Efficient exploration and calibration of a semi-analytical model of galaxy formation with deep learning in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Yachmenev A (2021) Electric quadrupole transitions in carbon dioxide. in The Journal of chemical physics

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Aarts G (2015) Electrical conductivity and charge diffusion in thermal QCD from the lattice in Journal of High Energy Physics

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Allanson O (2021) Electron Diffusion and Advection During Nonlinear Interactions With Whistler-Mode Waves in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

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Allanson O (2021) Electron Diffusion and Advection During Nonlinear Interactions With Whistler-Mode Waves in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

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Kukstas E (2020) Environment from cross-correlations: connecting hot gas and the quenching of galaxies in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Attanasio F (2022) Equation of state from complex Langevin simulations in EPJ Web of Conferences

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Creci G (2020) Evolution of black hole shadows from superradiance in Physical Review D

 
Description In December 2009, the STFC Facility, DiRAC, was established to provide distributed High Performance Computing (HPC) services for theoretical modelling and HPC-based research in particle physics, astronomy and cosmology. DiRAC provides a variety of computer architectures, matching machine architecture to the algorithm design and requirements of the research problems to be solved. This grant funds the continued operation of the 1.3Pflop/s Blue Gene/Q system at the University of Edinburgh, which was co-developed by Peter Boyle (University of Edinburgh) and IBM to run with high energy efficiency for months at a time on a single problem to solve some of the most complex problems in physics, particularly the strong interactions of quarks and gluons. The DiRAC Facility supports over 250 active researchers at 27 UK HEIs. This includes the research projects of 100 funded research staff (PDRAs and Research Fellows), over 50 post-graduate projects, and £1.6M of funded research grants.
Exploitation Route Theoretical results obtained input to a range of experimental programmes aiming to increase our understanding of Nature. Algorithms and software developed provide input to computer design.
Sectors Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software)

URL http://dirac.ac.uk/
 
Description Intel IPAG QCD codesign project 
Organisation Intel Corporation
Department Intel Corporation (Jones Farm)
Country United States 
Sector Private 
PI Contribution We have collaborated with Intel corporation since 2014 with $720k of total direct funding, starting initially as an Intel parallel computing centre, and expanding to direct close collaboration with Intel Pathfinding and Architecture Group.
Collaborator Contribution We have performed detailed optimisation of QCD codes (Wilson, Domain Wall, Staggered) on Intel many core architectures. We have investigated the memory system and interconnect performance, particularly on Intel's latest interconnect hardware called Omnipath. We found serious performance issues and worked with Intel to plan a solution and this has been verified and is available as beta software. It will reach general availability in the Intel MPI 2019 release, and allow threaded concurrent communications in MPI for the first time. A joint paper on the resolution to this was written with the Intel MPI team, and the application of the same QCD programming techniques to machine learning gradient reduction was applied in the paper to the Baidu Research all reduce library, demonstrating a 10x gain for this critical step in machine learning in clustered environments. We are also working with Intel verifying future architectures that will deliver the exascale performance in 2021.
Impact We have performed detailed optimisation of QCD codes (Wilson, Domain Wall, Staggered) on Intel many core architectures. We have investigated the memory system and interconnect performance, particularly on Intel's latest interconnect hardware called Omnipath. We found serious performance issues and worked with Intel to plan a solution and this has been verified and is available as beta software. It will reach general availability in the Intel MPI 2019 release, and allow threaded concurrent communications in MPI for the first time. A joint paper on the resolution to this was written with the Intel MPI team, and the application of the same QCD programming techniques to machine learning gradient reduction was applied in the paper to the Baidu Research all reduce library, demonstrating a 10x gain for this critical step in machine learning in clustered environments. This collaboration has been renewed annually in 2018, 2019, 2020. Two DiRAC RSE's were hired by Intel to work on the Turing collaboration.
Start Year 2016