Measurement of graphene dispersion in cementitious systems

**Why Graphene in Cement?**

Graphene technology is a key stepping stone in de-carbonising the cement industry. Strength improvements, water resistance, and chemical resistance can be imparted on concrete by using a graphene additive. To achieve these benefits; graphene must be added and adequately mixed during the concrete batching process. These improvements can result in the use of lower clinker factor cements or reduction of cement usage in designed concrete. Reducing cement usage can reduce embodied CO2 of concrete products.

**Measurement Issue**

Mechanical and chemical benefits of graphene are only realised when the graphene is thoroughly dispersed. Measurement of graphene dispersion in concrete is not currently possible. This project will determine if differences in graphene dispersion can be detected in cured cement mortar samples using fast, non-destructive techniques.

**Project Activity Brief**

Mortar samples containing no graphene, well dispersed graphene, and poorly dispersed graphene will be provided to the National Physical Laboratory. Once there, samples will be probed using terahertz, microwave and waveguide techniques in an effort to measure dispersion differences between them. Each of these techniques will be evaluated for the ability to distinguish poorly dispersed graphene additives and well-dispersed additives. By identifying a rapid, non-destructive method to characterise this key material property, product development cycles can be shorted, and greater assurance provided to downstream users. Ultimately it offers a route to accelerate the adoption of this material, and support the drive to a Net Zero carbon economy.