Meister Eckhart and the Parisian University in the early 14th century - Codex Vaticanus Latinus 1086

Lead Research Organisation: King's College London
Department Name: Theology and Religious Studies

Abstract

Meister Eckhart was one of the towering figures of early 14th c. humanist teachings of philosophy and theology at the University of Paris. The project intends to rewrite the history of this time, broadening the textual basis for Eckhart and reading his texts against the background of other, largely unexplored scholars of his time.
Meister Eckhart (ca. 1260-1329) is one of the most widely read medieval philosophical theologians and preachers today, and he was highly influential and controversial in and beyond his times. Only Thomas Aquinas before him was called twice to the chair of Theology in Paris. From his Parisian teaching, several documents have survived, but Eckhart's Parisian Questions are regarded as 'one of the most famous set of texts that medieval thinking has produced' (Kurt Flash, Meister Eckhart, 2010, p. 113).
So far we only knew of five such Questions, three that were dated to his first magisterium in 1302/3, the other two to his second in 1311/2. While the PI wrote his 'Art of Detachment' (Peeters, Leuven, 2011) and his 'Eckhart's On the Lord's Prayer' (Peeters, Leuven, 2011), he re-discovered four more Parisian Questions that he thought were likely to be authored by Eckhart, but had been excluded as dubious from their first discoverer Martin Grabmann (and all subsequent editors). He presented his findings as invited main lecture at the International Medieval Congress 2010 (to be published in JTS 63, 2012). As a result, the main Eckhart editors (Professor Loris Sturlese, Professor Georg Steer) encouraged the PI to undertake a major research project to check, ascertain and comment on this extraordinary discovery. Although the re-discovered Questions are already worth a detailed study, the source from where the four derive has to be taken into account: The manuscript Vat. Lat. 1086 ranks as a document of crucial importance which sheds light on the development of philosophical, theological and juridicial teaching at Paris in the beginning XIVth century. Prosper's collection contains names and opinions of students, bachelors and masters (regents) of the university and preserves the documentation of a detailed insight into the atmosphere of learning of this European cultural centre as no other document does. For many of the named people, this will be a first scholarly study of their bio-bibliography and their thinking.
Here just a few examples of people who's questions are contained in Ms. Vat. Lat. 1086:
Prosper, Jacques d'Ascoli, Gregoire de Lucques, Joh. de Monte s. Elygii, Gregoire de Lucques, Henricus: de Gand?, Gilles de Rome, Aegidius Romanus, Simon de Corbeia?, Bertrand de Turre, Gerardus de s. Victore, Gregoire de Lucques, Pe de sto dyo, Henricus Amandi, Jean de Pouilly (142ra1), Jean, de l'ordre du Val des Ecoliers?, Martin d' Abbeville, François Caraccioli or de Caroccis di Napoli, Brito: Raoul Renaud, Gui Terreni or de Perpignan, Durandus, Thomas de Aquino ...
To substantiate the potential authenticity of the four re-discovered Parisian Questions and to read them against the background of this unique Latin manuscript will provide an entirely new insight into the early beginnings of humanist theological and philosophical thinking of Paris University of the early 14th century.

Planned Impact

Meister Eckhart is, according to book publishers, one of the most read medieval theologians and philosophers, in the West and in the East, in the States and in Europe, in the UK and on the continent. Recently his High Middle German sermons have been re-published in Walshe's English translation, but there are also Italian, French, Japanese, German translations which are not only circulating amongst academics, but reach a far wider audience.
Target I: Publishers, broadcast and media
With no recent translation of Eckhart's Parisian Questions available, nor have his Latin Works been translated in their entirety into English, the PI has initiated with Peeters, Publishers (Leuven) the series Eckhart: Texts and Studies (The Art of Detachment, 2011; Eckhart's On the Lord's Prayer, 2012). One future volume will be the Parisian Questions (print run 1,000 copies). And yet, these Quaestiones are of such interest to the wider public that we plan to interest a broader public oriented publisher in the UK and the US to produce a translation/commentary version of these texts.
Target II: Eckhart Societies
The two international Eckhart Societies (one in the UK, one in Germany) (300 and 350 members) comprise around 60% non-academics. We will present and disseminate our findings through these Societies at future conferences and channel them into the broadcasting and film media.
The donor of the city of Cologne's annually Eckhart-Prize, the highest prize in the Humanities in Germany, given to critical thinkers prepares a film on Eckhart's life and thinking, and the PI has been approached to support the design of this film. We plan to bring the new findings of the project into the film-script to reach a broad audience.
Target III: Web-user
The present project will deal with the most important finding in Eckhart research for the past few decades, set in its early 14th c. Parisian environment - news that will best be spread through a blog on the web. Building on the PI's experience with his own blog that attracts over 15,000 page views per month from around the world (with most viewers from the US), the blog will be designed and promoted to attract similar numbers of visitors.
Target IV: The General Public - Exhibition visitors - Schools
A planned exhibit at King's College London, the British School of Rome (and potentially the University of Erfurt - Eckhart's own hometown, Paris and Korea University Seoul) will serve as places from which to present the manuscript(s) (or representative copies), Meister Eckhart and the Parisian University together with the findings of the project.
How will we ensure that the target groups benefit?
Contacts to publishers, press, broadcast and film industry have already been established, and they will be appropriately and timely briefed. With regards the exhibitions: a) by preparing the appropriate material (incl. marketing material); b) by conducting such age-appropriate demonstrations ourselves and training others to do so in the UK; c) engaging lecturers to perform Questions based viva (in the UK, Rome, Korea); c) bringing in manuscript specialists to assist us in developing the workbook and workshops for school groups and adult participants (UK, Rome, Korea); d) present public lectures during the exhibitions (incl. the Summer Schools at King's and Korea University, Seoul); e) exploit established links between King's College London, schools and religious communities.
 
Title Taery Kim, Exhibition 'Performing Bodies' 
Description The Korean-American Artist Taery Kim mounted an exhibition which opened on 22 January 2016, and is shown until March at the city's Waidspeicher Gallery, Erfurt, Germany, the hometown of Meister Eckhart. For this exhibition she has brought together older works and new works, specifically created during the project to interpret the new findings of the project team. Previously in 2015, there was already a first part of this exhibition shown in the Predigerkirche of the Dominicans, Eckhart's original convent church, at Erfurt, Germany 
Type Of Art Artefact (including digital) 
Year Produced 2015 
Impact The city has decided to place one of the art works into the new tourist centre of Erfurt Experience, to showcase the importance of Meister Eckhart for the city of Erfurt, Thuringia and the European link between the University of Paris and that of the University of Erfurt. 
URL https://www.uni-erfurt.de/fileadmin/public-docs/Max-Weber-Kolleg/6-pdfs/Tagungen/2016-01-23-performi...
 
Title Touring Exhibition Performing Bodies. Space and Time in Meister Eckhart and Taery Kim 
Description This exhibition that was shown in Erfurt, Germany and Seoul, South Korea engaged critically with the topic of Time and Space, central to Eckhart's Parisian Questions, from a contemporary artistic, conceptual angle. The exhibition was well received (the second best ever visited exhibition of the town hall gallery of the city of Erfurt), and also shown on prime time, prime TV of Korea. The exhibition was combined with an international conference, and accompanied by a scholarly publication that also served as an exhibition catalogue. 
Type Of Art Artistic/Creative Exhibition 
Year Produced 2016 
Impact Engagement of numerous school classes, politicians, broad public both in Germany and South Korea. With a lasting impression, as the city council is going to show one of the artistic products for the next decades as the showcase of Eckhart's presence at the newly renovated city experience of the Medieval city of Erfurt. 
URL http://www.erfurt.de/ef/de/erleben/veranstaltungen/ast/2016/123478.html#pk_campaign=Redirector-Webco...
 
Description One of the key findings is the authentication of 4 new Parisian Questions which were previously ignored or dismissed as 'dubious' questions, but are now fully restored and be credited to Meister Eckhart, one of the most famous medieval philosophers and theologians, a Dominican who twice held the Chair at the University of Paris in the early 14th century. These four questions are now published in the critical Edition of Eckhart's Latin works together with a German translation, co-authored with the PI. Translations in other Languages (English, French, Polish, Italian, Korean) are on their way.
Moreover, this discovery of new Parisian Questions have over the past months led to the discovery of an entire codex which scholars thought had been lost in the mid 19th c., but which we were able to re-discover a few months back. Within this codex, we now discovered another Parisian Question - within an environment which seems to give us many new texts by Meister Eckhart, previously entirely unknown to the world. To explore this discovery, we will submit another research application to the AHRC.
In addition, we discovered that the vernacular new codex is giving us a vernacular version of more Latin Quaestiones of Eckhart and that these Latin questions were partially referred to by Eckhart in his Latin works as belonging to this Opus Quaestionum - a work that hitherto scholars have thought to have never been written and published. It now turns out that Eckhart, indeed, must have written, published and obviously at least partially translated this important scholarly work from his time as University Lecturer in Paris.
In addition to the previous results, this has made us discover that - despite the critical edition of Eckhart's works has now come to a close - only about 50% of his vernacular writings have been made known to the world. Hence, over the past months we have started writing an application which is going to the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for a long-time funding, in order to create a research project to unearth the many unknown texts of Eckhart. In working towards this project, we have collected over 70 new, hitherto not yet edited Eckhartian vernacular homilies, the basis for the research application. In addition, to prepare for the larger long-term grant we are submitting a DFG/ANR research grant for 3 years in the next days to secure funding for this together with partners at the University of Metz.
Exploitation Route The research has led to several international conference invitations and has been called one of the major findings of medieval philosophical-theology in the past decades, it is now been picked up by Eckhart research, leading to further previously unknown texts which may be identified as genuine Eckhart texts. In addition, it enriches our understanding of the entangled discourse between scholars of various backgrounds of the Universities of Paris, Erfurt, Oxford and others.
It has now also initiated the upcoming conference of the Meister-Eckhart-Gesellschaft in Munich (March 2020), entitled 'The unknown Eckhart'.
Sectors Education,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections,Other

URL http://magistereckhart.blogspot.co.uk/
 
Description One of the major impacts of the research relates to the awareness that it has created for Eckhart's contribution to the 20th and 21st centuries discourse on Time and Space, embodiement and performance. With an international touring exhibition that was first shown in Erfurt's Waidspeicher Gallery, Germany, the hometown of Meister Eckhart, and then travelled to Seoul, Korea - works of contemporary Korean-American Artist Taery Kim, interpreting the topic of Time and Space in Eckhart is on exhibition had been displayed together with Eckhart manuscripts. The opening of the exhibition was linked to a major international conference with the leading experts on Edition and Interpreting Meister Eckhart, combined with colleagues from Art History, Buddhist Studies, and the Arts Museums to discuss Eckhart's influence on modern and contemporary art. The exhibition was the second most visited arts exhibition of the city's Gallery in decades. It was covered by media, and also had a spot in the number one news in South Korea. The city of Eckhart is now planning to apply for central government funding to create a major cultural conference centre in the city centre named after, but also inspired by Eckhart in the way the project has placed him in the city. A further international competition for sculptors and the exhibition of their works on Meister Eckhart 'Wirken und Lassen' has been organised at the city of Behringen, Germany in 2019. A major publication with the documentation of this exhibition will appear in due course. In addition, the prize committee of Cercle Gutenberg, has awarded the PI with a prestigious prize and prize money to provide a French translation and commentary of the newly discovered Parisian Questions of Eckhart.
Sector Communities and Social Services/Policy,Creative Economy,Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software),Education,Leisure Activities, including Sports, Recreation and Tourism,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections
Impact Types Cultural,Societal

 
Description '"Der ewige Begriff des Individuums": Eine historisch-philologisch-systematische Untersuchung der "mystischen" Vernunft (Eckharts) und deren Rezeption im Werk Schellings'.
Amount € 300,500 (EUR)
Funding ID QU 2583-1 
Organisation German Research Foundation 
Sector Charity/Non Profit
Country Germany
Start 01/2015 
End 12/2017
 
Description Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Agence nationale de la recherche France: Franco-German Call in Humanities and Social Sciences
Amount € 600,000 (EUR)
Organisation University of Erfurt 
Sector Academic/University
Country Germany
Start 04/2018 
End 03/2021
 
Description Meister Eckhart´s Early Parisian Questions in Context - Schrödinger Fellowship
Amount € 116,700 (EUR)
Funding ID J-3785 
Organisation Austrian Science Fund (FWF) 
Sector Academic/University
Country Austria
Start 11/2015 
End 10/2018
 
Description Index Biblicus of Meister Eckhart 
Organisation University of Salento
Department Department of Humanitites
Country Italy 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution We have contributed the Index part of the Latin works of Eckhart.
Collaborator Contribution The partner provided the index of the Vernacular works of Eckhart.
Impact The output is multidisciplinary, combining philology, codicology, history of philosophy and history of theology
Start Year 2013