Culture, Capital and Communication: Visualising Chinese Borders in the twenty first century (CCC:VCB)

Lead Research Organisation: Manchester Metropolitan University
Department Name: School of History of Art and Design

Abstract

The proposed research network builds on the principal investigator's and the co-investigator's research and pedagogical pursuits into East Asian diasporic art, post colonial art history, border images and Taiwanese identities in contemporary art. The scheme would work to strengthen the investigators' links and experience established via Asia Triennial Manchester and other curatorial projects through its initiation and consolidation of a transnational, interdisciplinary and cross-institutional dialogue on the topic of the economics of Chinese border crossings in art and design. The core members of the network would include the P.I., key staff from the partner organisations of National Cheng Kung University - Dr Ming Turner (C.I.); Castlefield Gallery - Kwong Lee, director, Centre For Chinese Contemporary Art (CFCCA) - Sarah Fisher, director and Peiyi Lu curator, Hong Kong Polytechnic University and Community Museum Project (CMP), King Chung Siu, professor and director: as well as international key academics in the areas of Contemporary Chinese Art and border studies, including: Professor Jim Aulich from MIRIAD, Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU) and Professor Paul Gladston from the University of Nottingham.

Whilst other academic and cultural research initiatives have focused on border crossings in China and other continents in relation to theatre (see www.bordercrossings.org.uk), gender (see http://shass.mit.edu/news/news-2012-symposium-launches-research-initiative-citizenship-identity-borders), this research network will interrogate the timely topic of Chinese borders in relation to Chinese and Chinese islands' transnational art and design practices. The research would focus in particular on economic factors of trade, opportunities and political context, drawing from artworks and exhibitions such as http://leapleapleap.com/2011/04/border-crossings/. Contemporary art historical projects concerning borders tend to focus on issues of national identity that are often framed in terms of how 'indigenous' cultural identities respond to new forms of cultural 'hybridity' due to movement across national or ethnic boundaries. Such approaches restrict the research focus to the interrogation of cultural histories, elements of Post-colonial discourse and/or in relation to intersections with other identity politics. This network would further consider such literal and metaphorical cultural border crossings between China, Taiwan and Hong Kong but through a socio-economic lens, anchoring artistic and curatorial experiences of art practice and identity formations in terms of the political and entrepreneurial differences within China's 'one country, two systems' (OCTS) arrangement. It aims to create a new body of data on the topic of art and design practice across Greater China borders which includes considerations of the socio-economic impact which OCTS has upon the artist. The research outputs would include: an artists database on an online repository and scholarly written and spoken papers based on discussions held at the networking laboratories.

In order to fully probe the impact of OCTS across borders upon the cultural and economic practices of artists and Chinese curators, the network aims to integrate a range of academic, public sector and independent partners from the UK, Greater China and Singapore who have expertise and other experience on the subject, thus engaging with multiple approaches to the research as practice. This would work to benefit the breadth and quality of research concerning art and design in Greater China produced at each partner site, whilst producing collaborative findings. Including organisations which are public facing, the network aims to engage localised as well as international communities within the surrounding activities of the network in the locations of: Manchester (UK), Hong Kong (China) - Tainan (Taiwan), forming a networking body which would develop new possibilities for knowledge exchange.

Planned Impact

The research network will enhance understanding of the issues at stake for Chinese artists working in Greater China who have crossed borders temporarily or permanently between mainland China, Hong Kong and/or Taiwan or for those who tackle issues of border crossings within their work. The data collected constituting artist case studies, discussion laboratories and conference papers will work to highlight and evidence the social, cultural, political and economic issues faced by practising artists and curators who have migrated between mainland China and its islands as well as the ways in which these wider issues become manifested within the themes of the artists' and curators' bodies of work. For each laboratory, the partner venues will advertise the event via its website and/or blog and/or social media platform and via their mail listings, all of which work to target relevant audiences that include artists, academics, curators, gallery visitors and writers/publishers. It is expected that the networking events will be well attended and by a relevant audience. The potential benefits of assimilating such a networked knowledge exchange base may include:

- For artists: the opportunity to voice ideas, opinions and experiences, to display art work to the network members within the laboratories or symposium - with the option of uploading it to the MMU online repository - and the means to collaborate on future projects

- For curators: the potential to collaborate, exchange ideas, gain knowledge for future exhibitions about Greater China or border issues via accessing the social media forums, the open access repository or by attending the laboratories and conference

- For independent, commercial, national galleries/museums: cross-institutional knowledge exchange and recognition with universities, greater avenues for promotion reaching more diverse audiences and a more multifarious stimulus for the creation of exhibitions and education programmes

- For Third Sector refugee organisations: access to case study data via the online repository (after the summative symposium) concerning Chinese practising artists' social, culturel and economic experiences of migration between the regions of Greater China

- For researchers: the opportunity to test research ideas, to disseminate knowledge across institutions, disciplines and sectors in a variety of forms, including through the potential curatorship of exhibitions, through the presentation of written and spoken scholarly papers and through the organisation of conferences and other events - all of which may constitute collaborative formats that draw from the new network.
 
Title Curated exhibition 
Description A solo show of Enoch Cheng's mixed media work which responded to the concept of Chinese borders. It was entitled 'inhere' and took place at the Grosvenor Gallery at MMU. 
Type Of Art Artistic/Creative Exhibition 
Year Produced 2016 
Impact The reach was good as it opened at the same time as the summative conference and included conference delegates and other local, national and international cultural producers and academics. It was featured in Ming Pao Weekly in Hong Kong and reviewed by one of the project network on her blog (see URL below). The exhibition also included take-away postcards and exhibition leaflet. 
URL https://rachelmarsdenwords.wordpress.com/2016/04/29/review-inhere-by-enoch-cheng-grosvenor-gallery/
 
Description The summative conference of the CCC:VCB AHRC award was on the topic of Chinese borders as they are visualised through art and design. Whilst the project focused on intra-Chinese relations between the PRC, Hong Kong and Taiwan and politically motivated art and design in relation to this, the conference papers offered new perspectives on what Chinese border art might constitute. This became evident during the conference (2016) and since, when some of the speakers submitted their papers to be worked into an edited book (proposal now accepted by Palgrave Macmillan, aiming to be published in autumn 2021). The symbolic property of the border as a barrier but also as an opening to new ways of seeing and producing art, has provided an inception for the topic of Chinese Border Studies as an interdisciplinary field to become something much broader, even within the scope (and post-analysis) of this project. It can incorporate border analysis as something connecting not just to geopolitical or migratory border crossings (of the initial research aims) but as connecting to cross-cultural differences - or 'visual culture wars' - in the ways that art and design is conceptualised and produced, such as, for example, the ways in which digital art in China can be compared to Confucianist ways of thinking about matter (this connects to an essay for the edited book, submitted by scholar Mi You).
Exploitation Route The article on 'border praxis' for the Journal of Contemporary Chinese Art which I wrote emerging from the project details has attracted some significant interest from scholars, whom have contacted me for more details or whom have enquired about applying for PhD study at my academic institution, requesting me as a supervisor. This article has been added to the MMU library and has been recommended to students who are interested in East Asian art. I envisage that this article and the edited book (co-edited with Professor Paul Gladston and Professor Ming Turner; projected publication date if passing next stage of the review: Spring 2021) might appear on other reading lists in universities both in Europe and Asia, impacting upon students' and researchers' knowledge of Chinese, socially engaged, border art. The article was also presented in an archive at Tate Exchange in 2017 (as previously reported, https://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-liverpool/tate-exchange/project/look17) opening avenues for visitors and staff in the creative and museum sector to engage with the research findings.

The papers from the CCC:VCB conference are to be published as a book by Palgrave Macmillan (planned autumn 2021). This wiull be pitched as multi-disciplinary and should be user friendly to readers and artsworkers from varied disciplines spanning Fine Art, Theatre Studies, China Studies, Visual Culture & Theory and the political and social sciences.
Sectors Creative Economy,Education,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections

 
Description The Enoch Cheng show - 'Inhere', about border issues in Hong Kong, which was curated by the P.I. at MMU in conjunction with the summative conference and which was public facing enable a range of visitors from beyond the academic sphere to engaged with the topic of Chinese Borders. It also enabled the cross fertilisation of ideas between academics, artists and other members of the public whom attended the exhibition preview as it coincided with the first day of the conference. As the exhibition was covered in Ming Pao Weekly magazine in Hong Kong, the outreach of the exhibition beyond academia has been greater than planned. As the summative conference was multidisciplinary and included a number of international artists, it is envisaged that some of the ideas and issues discussed may have impacted upon the artists' practices (beyond the arts-academic sphere). One artist, from the Netherlands, mentioned the VCB conference and project at an event in China, subsequently, and invited one of the other speakers to attend. The CFCCA edited publication (in publication outputs), included a chapter that the P.I. wrote, which drew from the research and referenced it. The book is not with an academic press but is intended for a wider audience; it was launched in the CFCCA gallery and included a diverse range of speakers and audience members from the arts, creative industries, the design sector and the embassy.
First Year Of Impact 2014
Sector Education,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections
Impact Types Cultural

 
Description Contribution of an archive about Chinese Borders and engagement with visitors for Institute of Urban Dreaming's research space at Tate Exchange, LOOK/17 (Liverpool International Photography Festival) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact I contributed an archive box on the theme of Visualising Chinese Borders to Insitute of Urban Dreaming's (IUD) one week research exhibition space at Tate Exchange, Tate Liverpool, part of LOOK/17. This contained a new piece of writing based on research - 'Radiant Others: Internal Borders and Imagined Utopias in China and Britain,' and photographs taken during the VCB research trip, plus readymade documents of relevance. Contents includes:
- Book. Pei-ni Hsieh, Beatrice & Petelo, Tuilalo (Eds) (2013) Beyond the Boundary: Contemporary Indigenous Art from Taiwan, Kaohsiung Museum of Fine Art
- Information leaflet. Museum of Taiwanese History, Tainan.
- Book. Siu, King-Chung (2012) Lesser Design, MCCM Creations, Hong Kong; Siu is a member of Community Museum Project and was part of the Visualising Chinese Borders project. His book explores the everyday lives of urban 'Hong Kong folk art', which may be considered 'crass' or lowly by some.
- Postcards, promoting 'INHERE,' solo show of artist Enoch Cheng's work at Grosvenor Gallery, MMU; part of Visualising Chinese Borders summative event.
- Exhibition flyer. 'The Paradox of History,' exhibition of photographer John Choy's images of the New Territories' former 'frontier closed area,' between the Hong Kong New Territories and mainland China - Guangdong region. The border is now largely abandoned. Choy's work often investigates Hong Kong's unseen landscapes.
- Article. (2016) Border Praxis,' JCCA: based on research into Taiwanese and Hong Kong-ese cultural identities, in relation to intra-Chinese borders and forms of socially engaged or locally indigenous/ rural art practices which work to address them.
- Article, written for the occasion of this archive and event. 'Radiant Others: Internal Borders and Imagined Utopias in China and Britain,' considers comparatively the rural to urban border crossings in China and Britain, as well as migration, relocation, utopian longings in relation to 'other' types of landscape/lifestyle and Xu Bing's Phoenix Project.
- Photographs. Images of city buildings that are used for a range of everyday purposes, taken on research related visits to 'Greater China': Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau and the People's Republic of China, 2013-2015.
The purpose of the archive box was to inform visitors to the exhibition space of issues of border politics and border culture between Hong Kong, Taiwan and mainland China and also to encourage people to consider the differences and similarities of conditions of urban regeneration and labour within China and the UK. I spent time talking to the public about my archive and the IUD project for the duration of a morning. As the exhibition space was in Tate Liverpool over the Easter period, the footfall will have likely been similar to that of any of Tate Liverpool's free exhibitions and it may have attracted a wider audience (e.g. of professionals) due to falling over a holiday. Visitors were interested in the photographs in particular and some connected them to their own research and to touristic visits to parts of China.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
URL http://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-liverpool/tate-exchange/project/look17
 
Description Invited research presentation (University of New South Wales, online) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Study participants or study members
Results and Impact This seminar presentation, entitled, 'Shifting Visualities at the Juncture of Taiwan and Britain: Collaborative Projects of Chinese and other Borders' took place in October 2022. The purpose was for Ming Turner and Beccy Kennedy to discuss their working partnership and various projects which address borders, decolonisation, diasporas and Chinese identities. Of the projects addressed the CCC:VCB AHRC award was the most prominent. It was an invited research presentation (online) to open to staff and students, at University of New South Wales, co-presented with Professor Ming Turner of National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan. It was for UNSW's 'Contemporary Visual Cultures Online Research Seminar Series' - School of Art and Design (Faculty of Arts, Design and Architecture), co-organised by Prof. Paul Gladston & Dr. Minerva Inwald and hosted by the Judith Neilson Chair in Contemporary Art, as part of the UNSW Arts, Design & Architecture Contemporary Asia-Pacific Visual Cultures Webinar Series. These seminars aim to bring together scholars of East Asian Culture cross-disciplinarily and internationally. Approximately 50 people attended online, there were further questions afterwards and Turner and Kennedy-Schtyk received two enquries/comments for further information after the event, relating to participants' research. The event has also worked to reignite discussion of future research projects with one of the convenors - Gladston.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://www.events.unsw.edu.au/event/shifting-visualities-juncture-taiwan-and-britain-collaborative-...
 
Description Keynote for a panel on Geopolitics at Goldsmiths conference 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact The keynote paper was called' Border Ontologies: Geopolitical Transpositions,' given at well-attended MA student-organised interdisciplinary conference at Goldsmiths, entitled: 'Borders/Frontiers: A Contemporary Interdisciplinary Exploration, ' in June 2016. A mixture of PG students, academics, third sector workers (e.g. for refugee organisations0 and the public attended and there was lively discussion as it took place during the day of the 'Brexit' results. The key note I gave was recorded and is available to watch on youtube. Within the paper, I drew from the CCC:VCB project research findings to form part of my discussion around the visualisation of borders and questions were asked by audience members about the Hong Kong Occupy Central movement. Other points of interest, which were discussed afterwards, was the issue of reactive post-colonial identity which a PG student connected to her research into Ireland (though I had discussed it more in the Hong Kong context) and the relevance of the theorists I had used - with which a staff member was familiar.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
URL http://bordersfrontiers.tumblr.com