Belief in the time of Covid-19: Understanding the making of meaning and trust to maximise public health responsiveness of faith communities in DRC
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Edinburgh
Department Name: Sch of Divinity
Abstract
In Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC), faith communities and their medical services are central to reducing contagion. They should be urgently deployed. Religious belief and traditional healing practices are part of the framework in which Congolese people understand disease and respond to it. Understanding the contextual response to Covid-19 is vital to reducing its spread.
Faith Communities support over 50% of biomedical care in North-east DRC. They are vital, trusted providers of care. They bridge community and professional sectors, providing supportive networks, medical treatment, prayers for healing. They have led medical response and social restrictions to the recent outbreaks of Ebola (2,250 dead between 2018-2020) and measles (killed 6,500 since 2019). They have knowledge of disease management and are integral to developing community-led solutions to endemic cholera, HIV, malaria, meningitis, plague. Their resilience in the face of multiple losses and repeated disease give insight into communities' capacity for restoration. Yet faith-health beliefs in DRC do not always lead to positive disease control. Disease outbreaks, like Ebola, propel particular beliefs about life, death, sickness, healing, the seen and unseen that, when there is no cure or vaccine, can present appealing alternatives to physical distancing, closure of community organisations and alterations to rites of passage.
We examine the application of belief in DRC where faith communities are leading the health-care response to Covid-19 and where the scientific and spiritual operate within the same conceptual framework. Recorded cases of Covid-19 are low in many African countries. This is, in part, related to a lack of diagnosis and testing. DRC had its first recorded case in Kinshasa on 10th March 2020. But until May only one institution in the country had testing capacity. Numbers have risen steadily, and been reported Ituri and Nord-Kivu. Covid-19 compounds the urgent medical and security concerns of the region. Yet Covid-19 also highlights good practice of disease management and resilience in a region that is familiar with epidemics.
We ask how Covid-19 and the public health strategies for mitigation and management are being understood, delivered, and actioned. We aim to understand, predict and mitigate adverse public reactions to civil contingency measures. A public health response using trusted communities is the best chance of reducing the death toll whilst there is no cure or vaccine. However, the measures taken in High Income Countries may not be appropriate for LMICs, and they rarely consider discourses of religious faith. The Congolese members of the project team are already investigating meaning-making discourses around Covid-19 in Ituri and Nord-Kivu. They are identifying disease management knowledge, and communal beliefs that support and critique protection and prevention practices. Findings from this in-depth examination will be used to co-create public health messages that are trusted and trustworthy and allow effective, emergency mobilisation of volunteers in faith communities.
Our study of contemporary religious belief examines the beliefs and moral capacity of faith communities and their medical services to maximise community-inspired action and ensure community ownership. It is a timely piece of work that has implications for disease prevention beyond Covid-19. It informs a debate on how to increase public health capacity in fragile states where national governments rarely support the structural transformation required.
Faith Communities support over 50% of biomedical care in North-east DRC. They are vital, trusted providers of care. They bridge community and professional sectors, providing supportive networks, medical treatment, prayers for healing. They have led medical response and social restrictions to the recent outbreaks of Ebola (2,250 dead between 2018-2020) and measles (killed 6,500 since 2019). They have knowledge of disease management and are integral to developing community-led solutions to endemic cholera, HIV, malaria, meningitis, plague. Their resilience in the face of multiple losses and repeated disease give insight into communities' capacity for restoration. Yet faith-health beliefs in DRC do not always lead to positive disease control. Disease outbreaks, like Ebola, propel particular beliefs about life, death, sickness, healing, the seen and unseen that, when there is no cure or vaccine, can present appealing alternatives to physical distancing, closure of community organisations and alterations to rites of passage.
We examine the application of belief in DRC where faith communities are leading the health-care response to Covid-19 and where the scientific and spiritual operate within the same conceptual framework. Recorded cases of Covid-19 are low in many African countries. This is, in part, related to a lack of diagnosis and testing. DRC had its first recorded case in Kinshasa on 10th March 2020. But until May only one institution in the country had testing capacity. Numbers have risen steadily, and been reported Ituri and Nord-Kivu. Covid-19 compounds the urgent medical and security concerns of the region. Yet Covid-19 also highlights good practice of disease management and resilience in a region that is familiar with epidemics.
We ask how Covid-19 and the public health strategies for mitigation and management are being understood, delivered, and actioned. We aim to understand, predict and mitigate adverse public reactions to civil contingency measures. A public health response using trusted communities is the best chance of reducing the death toll whilst there is no cure or vaccine. However, the measures taken in High Income Countries may not be appropriate for LMICs, and they rarely consider discourses of religious faith. The Congolese members of the project team are already investigating meaning-making discourses around Covid-19 in Ituri and Nord-Kivu. They are identifying disease management knowledge, and communal beliefs that support and critique protection and prevention practices. Findings from this in-depth examination will be used to co-create public health messages that are trusted and trustworthy and allow effective, emergency mobilisation of volunteers in faith communities.
Our study of contemporary religious belief examines the beliefs and moral capacity of faith communities and their medical services to maximise community-inspired action and ensure community ownership. It is a timely piece of work that has implications for disease prevention beyond Covid-19. It informs a debate on how to increase public health capacity in fragile states where national governments rarely support the structural transformation required.
Publications
Asamoah-Gyadu K
(2020)
Editorial: The COVID-19 Pandemic and World Christianity
in Studies in World Christianity
Chow A
(2021)
Editorial: COVID-19 and the Socially-Present World Church
in Studies in World Christianity
Wild-Wood E
(2021)
The Public Role of Churches in Early Responses to COVID-19 in Africa: Snapshots from Nigeria, Congo, Kenya and South Africa
in Studies in World Christianity
Wild-Wood E
(2023)
Perceptions of COVID-19 in faith communities in DR Congo
in Journal of Eastern African Studies
Description | Public trust in faith leaders in DRC is crucial in health emergencies. When COVID-19 arrived in Nord-Kivu and Ituri provinces in the north-east, government authorities asked faith leaders to deliver set health messages. Many local faith leaders and faith communities did not understand the health messages. Inadequate public health communication caused considerable uncertainty about COVID-19. Members of faith communities held a range of perceptions, including COVID-19 is a natural viral disease and COVID-19 is a supernatural disease caused by evil spirits or the devil. Some supported public health measures. Others said that measures impeded faith-healing protection and cure. Members of faith communities involved in state-sanctioned health provision were more likely to implement state-sanctioned measures. Those without this provision were drawn into the response but became the most confused and frustrated. Delivering public health messages using language familiar to faith communities could help to ensure more effective public health communication and counter misinformation. Faith leaders are willing to co-develop and design messages appropriate for their congregations. This application is being taken forward by the research team and stakeholders in DRC. 3 articles have been submitted. |
Exploitation Route | Comparison with other similar studies (Nigeria and Romania identified so far) to 1. build wider policy base and support for fragile states. 2. understand the role of faith communties in health and civil society more broadly. Schools information might provide a model for others engaging in RME. The outcomes of this funding are also to the study of religious communities and can contribute to internal reflection on roles of faith communities themselves. There is no mention of faith communities, third sector, or charitable organisations in the list below. I dont think this important sector of civil society is properly covered by the list below. |
Sectors | Healthcare |
URL | https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2021/05/31/remote-research-data-drc-benefits-methodological-pragmatism-community-insiders |
Description | Findings being still used in 3 ways so impact not yet measured: 1. to influence local public health policy 2. to influence response of faith communties to health emergencies 3. to provide resource material in form of case-study for teachers & school pupils studing Religious and Moral Education |
First Year Of Impact | 2022 |
Sector | Education,Healthcare,Other |
Impact Types | Societal,Policy & public services |
Description | Blog post |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Blog post by one of the researchers on the project, Amuda Baba,'Remote research in the DRC shows the benefits of methodological pragmatism and community-insiders': June 2021, 'Africa at LSE', Firoz lalji Institute, LSE. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2021/05/31/remote-research-data-drc-benefits-methodological-pragm... |
Description | Blog post |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | 'Supporting the nation in a time of Covid-19,' Emma Wild-Wood & Yossa Way. The Church in Lockdown installation: The Christian Nation. February 2020. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | https://thechristiannationproject.net/wild-wood-and-way/ |
Description | e-article for Univeristy's alumni outreach |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | 'How do we build trust in times of crisis?' Article in 'Enlightened' UoE Alumni e-magazine. Requested by University. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://spark.adobe.com/page/gKFzZxWSgIJEj/ |
Description | interview |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | 'Religion, Trust and Covid-19 in Congo, conversation with Emma Wild-Wood,' COVID-19 Perspectives: Research on COVID-19 for across the of Arts, Humanities and Social Science at the University of Edinburgh,' 1st February 2021. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | http://blogs.ed.ac.uk/covid19perspectives/2021/02/01/religion-trust-and-covid-19-in-congo-in-convers... |
Description | • Presentation at Professional Development for the Church of Scotland |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Professional Development Day considering impact of Covid and how to impliment positive changes. My contribution was part of a global information session, as the Church of Scotland has partners in health in various parts of the globe. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | https://vimeo.com/482537976 |