How to do (public) political philosophy: From pupils to professors

Lead Research Organisation: University of Bristol
Department Name: Politics

Abstract

Political philosophy's primary focus is not how politics is organised right now, or how it has been organised in the past, but rather how it should be organised in the future. This gives our subject a fairly clear remit, but also a fairly substantial puzzle. What on earth could make our arguments in this heated area right or wrong, or at least better or worse? Clearly, as in all fields, considerations such as consistency, clarity, and comprehensiveness go a long way, but they cannot be the whole story. What we need to know is: What are the more specific forms of reasoning that would make our arguments in this domain more or less defensible? Or, put differently, precisely which methods of argument are best suited to supporting the sorts of conclusions we want to draw?

With that question in mind, this project has two objectives. First: to establish the study of 'methods' in political philosophy. This will be pursued with our subject's first book on the topic, an under-contract monograph with Oxford University Press entitled Political Philosophy: Problems and Methods. Second: to increase engagement with our subject amongst the wider public, starting with the city of Bristol. This will be pursued by giving talks, at every secondary school in Bristol, on 'how to do political philosophy'. These talks will provide an exciting and accessible account of the forms of argument available to these students, as documented in the planned book.

The benefits of this work are substantial and connected. In the first instance, it will improve the current academic situation, whereby we have various high profile 'methodological' debates, including 'ideal vs. nonideal theory' and 'moralism vs. realism', but no debates about particular 'methods', let alone a keystone text of the kind planned here. Instead, our current discussions are primarily a set of exchanges about the wider purposes of our subject, rather than a set of debates about the general forms of reasoning - from thought experiments to conceptual analysis - that enable us to pursue those purposes. As a result, we do not really know how many methods political philosophy has, what those methods are, what their merits might be, or how much they vary from methods found elsewhere - in political science, for example, or moral philosophy, or the daily arguments of 'real politics'. All these questions matter. By exploring them, this project will open up a new field of enquiry, help scholars with their current work, and also make our subject more accessible to the general public, given that our methods of argument need first to be clearly understood before they can be clearly explained.

This last benefit illustrates the bridge between the two objectives, and it is worth emphasising here, given that, at present, political philosophy is unsure about how best to engage with the 'real world', whilst the real world is unsure even what political philosophy is, assuming it has heard of it at all. This uncertainty matters, because it shows how answering what might seem like rather dry 'methods' questions within our subject would have significant implications for our relationship with the world outside it. In other words, if we could do a better job of explaining what we do and how we do it, the relationship between academic scholarship and the general public could be transformed. Increased understanding of our subject would lead to increased accessibility, increased interest, and increased potential for non-philosophers to 'do' it themselves. Public philosophical engagements would become, not just more productive, but also more common, whether they take the form of policy papers, comment pieces, or even talks in schools of the kind proposed here. This project therefore studies methods not just for the sake of the study of methods, but also in order to change how our subject is done, and in turn how it is seen and accessed by others.

Publications

10 25 50
 
Description I have developed, discussed, and disseminated, via publications and talks, political theory's first clear theory of 'Public Political Philosophy'. I have also 'deployed' this theory via a range of workshops and talks around the world, as noted in a previous section. In the future I will further draw on this in the local area as part of Bristol's new 'Civic University' vision. I also completed, and discussed at several international invited workshops, political theory's first monograph on 'methods' and 'methodology', a key part of which (the last chapter) focusses on methods of 'public political philosophy'.
Exploitation Route Whilst returning to ordinary teaching/admin duties in Bristol, I will now engage across local schools and community centres in terms of giving talks on both political philosophy in general and 'public political philosophy' in particular. I have also put in for a major new AHRC/DFG funding application, as noted, and will be further developing and disseminating the broader theories of 'methodology' and 'PPP' now developed - thanks to this Fellowship - for years to come. These have been big achievements that would not have been possible without this funding, and for that I'm truly grateful.
Sectors Communities and Social Services/Policy

Creative Economy

Education

Government

Democracy and Justice

Culture

Heritage

Museums and Collections

 
Description Experimental Political Theory 
Organisation University of Münster
Country Germany 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution I have just submitted a full application to the joint AHRC/DFG 2023 funding call, in collaboration with Dr. Manon Westphal (Muenster University). The project is entitled 'Experimental Political Theory', and I was only able to work with her on this, first through a publication, second through a visiting appointment at MUenster, third through a workshop I organised at Roskilde University, and finally on the grant application itself, due to the time and resources provided by the current fellowship. Amongst other things, this project is intended to bridge 'theory' and 'practice' and thus apply and develop further the framework for 'Public Political Philosophy' developed through my RDE Fellowship.
Collaborator Contribution As discussed
Impact NA
Start Year 2022
 
Description Multiple International Workshops and Invited Talks 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Since commencing my fellowship I have, as planned, delivered a series of interactive workshops, invited talks, research papers, roundtables, and panels, all on the theme of 'Public Political Philosophy'. Sometimes the focus was on why we should be teaching political philosophy in schools, sometimes on dialogue in situations of conflict, sometimes on academic freedom, sometimes on the gap between academic theory and political practice, and sometimes on the issue of distinctive 'methods' of PPP within my wider work on 'methodology' in political theory. At all times I conveyed a distinct vision of what 'PPP' is and why it mattered, much as I have on other occasions across, e.g. YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LQJ2vwZMe4c), the BBC (https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000rd97), and The Conversation (https://theconversation.com/why-we-need-to-teach-political-philosophy-in-schools-57749). For details, see below:

Externally organised events on my work

Panels

'Can political philosophers have methods without politics?'
Invited author-meets-critics session at the German Political Science Association annual conference (09/2023)
Contributors: Dominic Austrup, Alexander Weiss, Manon Westphal.

'Normative behaviourism and beyond'
Invited author-meets-critics session at the Political Studies Association (PSA) annual conference (04/2023)
Funded and hosted by Political Studies Review.
Contributors: Eva Erman, Enzo Rossi, and Marta Wojciechowska.

Workshops
'Questions, Tasks, and Methods: A new framework for thinking about methodology in political philosophy'
Invited workshop on draft book manuscript funded and hosted by the University of Maastricht (01/2024)
Contributors included Janosch Prinz and John Parkinson.

'How to do Political Philosophy: From pupils to professors'
Invited workshop on draft book manuscript funded and hosted by the University of Helsinki (06/2023)
Contributors included Emilia Palonon and Juha Herkman.

'Methods and Methodology in Political Philosophy'
Invited workshop on draft book manuscript hosted and funded by the University of Muenster (05/2023)
Contributors included Tobias Albrecht, Dagmar Comtesse, Felix Peterson, and Ulrich Willems.

'Ideal Principles, Historical Behaviour, and Future Experiments'
Invited workshop on my theory of 'Normative Behaviourism' funded and hosted by the European Consortium of Political Research (ECPR) and Roskilde University (05/2023)
Contributors included David Axelsen, Ilaria Cozagglio, Sune Laegaard, and Jonathan Leader-Maynard.

'Do actions speak louder than thoughts?'
Invited workshop on my theory of 'normative behaviourism' funded by the Political Studies Association (PSA) and hosted by the University of Bristol (12/2021)
Contributors included Alice Baderin, Terrell Carver, David Miller, Tariq Modood, and Nahshon Perez.


Invited Talks

University of Potsdam (02/2024)
'Public Political Philosophy and how to boost inter-minority dialogue'
Invited talk at the Moses Mendelssohn Centre for European-Jewish Studies

University of Maastricht (01/2024)
'Public Political Philosophy: Theory and Practice'
& 'Methods and Methodology in Political Philosophy'
Both in the Department of Political Science.

University of Bristol (11/2023)
'Public Political Philosophy: Home and Away'.
Invited talk at the School of Sociology, Politics, and International Studies (SPAIS)

Colgate University (10/2023)
Multiple events including keynote lecture entitled 'Actions Speak Louder Than Thoughts: Normative Behaviorism and the Foundations of Political Philosophy' (see here)

Queen Mary, University of London (09/2023)
'Public Political Philosophy: From the concept to the city'
Invited talk at PSA-funded workshop on 'Urban Political Theory'

University of York (06/2023)
'Teaching political theory without preaching political values: A methodological approach'
Invited talk in the Department of Politics

University of Munich (06/2023)
'Methods and Methodology in Political Philosophy: A new framework'
Invited talk at the Political Philosophy Colloquium

University of Lund (06/2023)
'Public Political Philosophy and Private Artificial Intelligence'
Invited talk in the School of Philosophy and Politics

Hebrew University (05/2023) [Jerusalem, Israel]
'Public Political Philosophy: Theory and Practice'
Invited talk in the Department of Philosophy

Bar Ilan University (05/2023) [Tel Aviv, Israel]
'Public Political Philosophy and Inter-faith Dialogue'
Invited talk in the Department of Politics

University of Geneva (05/2023)
'Future Methods in political theory'
Invited talk at the Political Theory Colloquium

University of Amsterdam (02/2023)
'Do Political Philosophers have methods? And do they need methodology?'
Invited talk co-hosted by the Departments of Philosophy and Politics

Jagiellonian University in Krakow (01/2023)
'Public Political Philosophy, Contextual Conversation, and Jewish-Muslim dialogue in Eastern Europe'
Invited talk at the Faculty of International and Political Studies

University of Milan (12/2022)
'The Idea of Public Political Philosophy'
Invited talk in the Department of Politics

University of Frankfurt (10/2022)
'Public Political Philosophy versus Populism, Polarisation, and Post-Truth'
Invited talk at the Normative Orders Research Cluster.

University of Oslo (10/2022)
'Arguing about arguing: Reflective equilibrium, intuitions, and the methodological zeitgeist'
Invited Lecture in the Department of Politics
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022,2023,2024