Palestinian Bedouin at risk of forced displacement: Creative communication

Lead Research Organisation: Queen's University of Belfast
Department Name: Sch of Law

Abstract

In the fragile context of occupied Palestine, the Bedouins in the Jerusalem periphery are among the poorest, most vulnerable and insecure communities who nonetheless face routine home demolitions, confiscation of agricultural and pastoral items crucial for their economic survival, and destruction of solar panels and water pipes essential for decent living conditions. These actions, attributable to Israeli authorities or Israeli settlers who act with impunity, contribute to the coercive environment in which Palestinian Bedouins survive as their land and way of life are encroached upon, making day-to-day life precarious and future development prospects bleak. Within the broader experience of Palestinian society, the Bedouins are at the sharp edge of the Israeli land-grab policies in the West Bank that seek to remove Palestinians from their land in order to expand illegal Israeli-only settlements, despite the condemnation in UN Security Council Resolution 2334 (2016) and numerous other UN documents.

In recent months, the prospects for justice for Palestinians, including Bedouins, before an impartial international tribunal have materialised. In 2021 the International Criminal Court (ICC) confirmed its territorial jurisdiction in the Palestinian territories occupied by Israel since 1967, which includes the areas of East Jerusalem and central West Bank where the Palestinian Bedouins who are the focus of this project reside. Since the formal opening of ICC proceedings in the Situation in Palestine on 3 March 2021, the unlawful settlement activities and other international law violations since 2014 that drive Bedouin humanitarian vulnerabilities and displacement are under consideration by that Court. As such, this is a crucial moment to ensure that academic, policy and general audiences are informed of the international crimes inflicted on Palestinian Bedouins as a result of impunity for repeated violations of international law associated with the Israeli settlement enterprise in Palestine. The aims and activities set out in this FoF proposal seek to inform worldwide online audiences of the situation of the Palestinian Bedouin through a suite of creative digital content output.

This proposal mobilises creativity and cultural assets - in particular the creative media sector in Palestine, and the potential creativity of Palestinian Bedouins as voluntary co-producers of content - to shine a light on human rights and international humanitarian law violations affecting Palestinian Bedouins. It addresses the serious cost of the lack of international accountability for serious human rights violations by 'telling the story' of the plight of the Palestinian Bedouin through different creative media accessible to worldwide digital audiences. In turn, this work enhances SDG 16 (peace, conflict, justice, strong institutions) in Palestine as well as internationally, where weak institutions of global justice continue to fail some of the most vulnerable, and often forgotten, Palestinian communities, exacerbating their humanitarian vulnerabilities and chances for peace, justice, and development in the region.
In response to the UN International Year of Creative Economy for Sustainable Development, this proposed follow-on project builds on a current AHRC-FCDO project that engages a range of SGDs (and primarily SDGs 16 and 10) and enhances it through the production of creative media content targeting general audiences worldwide through digital means. The proposed follow-on project consolidates an international partnership between three academic partners in Northern Ireland, England and Ireland (QUB, TCD, LJMU) and an academic partner and a civil society organisation in Palestine (Al Quds University / Human Rights Clinic - Community Action Center), and includes a new type of partner, a Palestinian creative media production company (Collage Productions), who will deliver the creative content aspects of the project.

Publications

10 25 50
 
Title Animation - motion graphic on Bedouin women's life (06:33) 
Description A short animated motion graphic on a day in the life of Bedouin women in the West Bank. 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2023 
Impact This short video will be used as part of educational activities (university level) and events with human rights NGOs / CSOs diplomats and others. 
 
Title Infographic - water for Palestinian Bedouins 
Description This infographic illustrates the impact of the coercive environment on the right to water for Palestinian Bedouins. 
Type Of Art Image 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact This infographic will be used as part of educational activities (university level) and events with human rights NGOs / CSOs diplomats and others. 
 
Title Short video - Apartheid Road (06:12) 
Description This short video on the Apartheid Road (06:12) illustrates the challenges faced by Palestinian Bedouins in moving around the West Bank, and highlights the impact of Israeli-only infrastructure on the freedom of movement for Bedouins. 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2023 
Impact This short video will be used as part of educational activities (university level) and events with human rights NGOs / CSOs diplomats and others. 
 
Title Short video - Schools for the Bedouin children (03:50) 
Description In this short video - Schools for the Bedouin children (03:50) - the viewers learn about the impact of school demolitions and demolition orders on the right to education of Palestinian Bedouin children in the West Bank. 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2023 
Impact This short video will be used as part of educational activities (university level) and events with human rights NGOs / CSOs diplomats and others. 
 
Title We Will Remain - documentary film (29:59) 
Description Documentary Film (29:59) on the humanitarian vulnerabilities of the Palestinian Bedouin communities at risk of displacement in the West Bank, focusing on their stories of day to day life and steadfastness on their land. 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2023 
Impact The film has been screened at international film festivals, various community and academic venues, as well as other invite-only venues (required until it is premiered in festivals). This has shared knowledge of an overlooked population in Palestine and their plight. Screenings include: Ciné Palestine Toulouse, France, 6/03/2024 Al Ard Film Festival - Sardinia, Italy Cinema for Peace film festival, Lebanon Africa Human Rights Film Festival, South Africa Queen's Film Theatre, Belfast, 8/05/2024 University of Cape Town, Department of Politics, 21/02/2024, Cape Town, South Africa. Healthcare workers for Palestine public screening, Cape Town, South Africa, 10/02/2025 Bonavero Institute for Human Rights, Oxford University, 19/06/2024 Trinity College Dublin, Arts & Humanities Research Festival, 26/09/2024 Leeds University, 30/10/2024 Birmingham University, 28/11/2024 Northern Ireland Human Rights Festival, Belfast (8/12/2024) Durham University, 26/2/2025 Imagine Belfast Festival, 26/03/2025 Yala Ribera Community Activist Group, Iruna/Tudela, 28 & 29/03/2025. Public University of Navarre 28/03/2025. 
URL https://www.imdb.com/title/tt32174118/
 
Description This AHRC FOF award enabled the research team to develop a crucial parallel strand to our work through the collaboration with a creative partner, for the production of a documentary film and other short videos / animations on the humanitarian vulnerabilities of Palestinian Bedouins at risk of displacement in the West Bank. This enabled our joint team to work more closely with the communities and capture their stories on film - which is very rare in the specific context. Moreover, by using the medium of animated video / motion graphics, we were able to portray the specific challenges faced by Bedouin women who told the research team their stories, but did not wish to be filmed / recorded due to personal preference / cultural reasons. The key findings of the project have occurred at two levels: the content of the human stories that have given further meaning to the international law analysis of the issues is the most valuable, especially as it has been captured on film for greater dissemination. In parallel, the experience of translating international law / human rights research into creative outputs has given the research team additional skills (and knowledge of challenges an possibilities) in communicating findings through creative formats, generally overlooked by academic lawyers.

All the creative outputs have been delivered. The short academic article reflecting on the experience of translating international law / human rights work into creative output is underway and will be submitted for review in the near future (this was delayed due to maternity leave).
Exploitation Route The documentary film will continued to be submitted to film festivals and screened for different audiences. All the materials will be used for teaching (university level) and any future events outside academia. As such, we hope to sensitise viewers - who may work in a number of relevant fields eg human rights, diplomacy etc, but may also just be members of the public wanting to learn more - on the topic of Palestinian Bedouin displacement. This is important for many reasons, and since the latest war in Gaza gives a clear indication that all Palestinians are at risk in their homeland, even if they are in the West Bank, where violence still routinely occurs and humanitarian vulnerabilities remain.
Sectors Communities and Social Services/Policy

Education

Government

Democracy and Justice

Security and Diplomacy

 
Description By screening to documentary to general audiences and potential end-users, such as international diplomats and people working for human rights NGOs in Palestine we have sensitised individuals whose work can be informed by the findings of our work - and the fact that we have been able to communicate through creative outputs and not just reports / academic writing is immensely beneficial, as it allows for viewers to be immersed in new knowledge of the issues through a more immediately relatable / discernible medium (film, not words on a page). Likewise, screening the documentary and other videos in educational settings will equally allow students / staff to understand issues that are widely overlooked in the situation in Palestine, and make sense of the broader context in which Palestinians - such as Bedouins in the West Bank - experience humanitarian threats and human rights abuses. As the film has also been included in the official selection of various international film festivals, it has reached general audiences who have received information and sensitisation on the situation of the Palestinian Bedouins.
First Year Of Impact 2023
Sector Education,Government, Democracy and Justice,Security and Diplomacy
Impact Types Societal

Policy & public services

 
Description Audience of documentary film screenings information
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to new or improved professional practice
Impact Through the film, viewers have improved their knowledge and therefore their attitude to the issues contained in the documentary. The long-term effects are unknown, but this work is an important part of the process of disseminating knowledge on an overlooked aspect of injustice in Palestine, which is nonetheless an urgent humanitarian, political and diplomatic issue.
 
Description Al Ard Film Festival (Cagliari) - Documentary official selection and screening 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact The documentary film was included in the official selection and screened at the Al Ard Film Festival in Cagliari (Sardinia) 21-25 Feb 2024. The situation of the Palestinian Bedouin displacement is not widely-known, so this was an important opportunity to showcase the creative aspects of the film as well as the content itself on the life of these communities.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
URL https://alardfilmfestival.com/discover-the-line-up-al-ard-film-festivals-20th-edition/
 
Description Cine Palestine Toulouse film festival - documentary in official selection, screening and discussion with producer (led by Collage) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact The documentary film was selected in the official selection for the Cine Palestine - Toulouse - Film Festival (4-12 March 2024). The screening was followed by a discussion with the producer (BZ from CP) and was attended by former project researcher (ZEH) and one of the international co-Is (BB). This event enabled us to reach a Francophone audience, which is often a gap for research output produced in English. The description of the documentary in French (copied below) will allow more people to access information on this research and documentary.

We will remain
Bashar Zarour - Documentaire - 2023 - Palestine - 30 min.
Ce documentaire dresse un portrait intime des communautés bédouines palestiniennes menacées, dispersées dans le désert de Jérusalem en Cisjordanie, montre leur résilience, leur détermination et leur volonté inébranlable de protéger leurs terres ancestrales et leur mode de vie.
En présence du réalisateur.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
URL http://cine-palestine-toulouse.fr/films-e10/
 
Description Cinema for Peace film festival - Lebanon (led by Collage) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Documentary film screening at film festival (inclusion in official programme)
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
 
Description Documentary film screening - Al Quds University (Abu Dis Campus) (led by BB) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Al Quds University / Abu Dis campus film screening + panel discussion event led by BB with OR, ZEH and others (Sat 27 May 2023). The event involve screening the documentary, platforming conversations around the work, and those in attendance were academics, students and members from the Bard college campus as well.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description Documentary film screening - Al Quds University (Old City - Jerusalem) (led by BB) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact The screening of the documentary + panel discussion was an invite-only engagement involving Irish DfA personnel in the Old City, Al Quds, on Wednesday 10th May 2023, as well as staff and students from Al Quds University (Old City campus) and other members of local and international NGOs working on the topic.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description Documentary film screening: Khalil Sakikini Centre, Ramallah (led by BB) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Screening the documentary film for a primarily Palestinian audience at Khalil Sakikini Centre, Ramallah (24 May 2023) + panel discussion with one of the producers from Collage Productions, the project researcher (ZEH), an international co-I (BB) and other colleagues involved in the creation of the film. The audience was a mix of primarily Palestinian (and some international), mostly from the human rights sector. As the topic of the film (and the underpinning research) is not widely covered in creative work, or indeed urban Palestinian contexts, it was especially useful as a way to inform participants of the key issues.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description Documentary film screening: Queen's Film Theatre, Belfast (AP) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Film screening for university staff and students
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
 
Description Documentary film screening: University of Cape Town (South Africa) (by BB) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Project Co-I BB arranged a screening of the documentary film during his research visit to the University of Cape Town (SA) in February 2024 for staff and students in IR/politics.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
 
Description Film screening: "Africa Human Rights Film Festival" in South Africa (led by Collage) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Documentary film screening at film festival (inclusion in official programme)
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
 
Description Film screening: Birmingham University (AP) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Film screening + Q&A with exec producer
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
 
Description Film screening: Bonavero Institute for Human Rights, Oxford University (AP) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Film screening and Q&A
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
 
Description Film screening: Durham University (AP) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Film screening + Q&A with exec producer
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2025
 
Description Film screening: Leeds University (AP) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Film screening + Q&A with executive producer
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
 
Description Film screening: Northern Ireland Human Rights Festival, Belfast (AP and Collage) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Film screening + Q&A with producer / director
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
 
Description Film screening: Trinity College Dublin, Arts & Humanities Research Festival (BB) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Film screening and Q&A
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
 
Description Film screening: University of Rome Tre (Italy) (OR) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Film screening + Q&A with project field coordinator
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024