Performing for peace: mobilising cultural assets to leave the Mursi in peace with no-one left behind

Lead Research Organisation: School of Oriental and African Studies
Department Name: Anthropology and Sociology

Abstract

Democracy is unfinished business and our struggles to be inclusive are cultural as much as political. The need for creating better relationships, education and engagement between representatives and represented is critical to every nation claiming to be democratic. Decent representation of highly marginalised and stigmatised minority groups remains challenging around the globe. Two strategies will be indispensable to making progress on this agenda. First, as SDG 16 outlines, better information for integrated decision-making and participation will enable political institutions to become more inclusive. Secondly, international research coalitions need to put into practice the principles of equitable and multi-stakeholder international partnership as well as commitments to capacity-building contained within SDG 17. This project will innovate with indigenous theatre and film to educate policymakers about the political rights of a specific minority group - the Mursi in South Omo - but by extension all marginalised peoples and persuade them that they should be left in peace but with no one left behind.

This coalition, composed of scholars from SOAS's Global Research Network on Parliaments and People and Wolkite University, film-makers and theatre professionals from the South Omo Theatre Company, and members of the Mursi community in Southern Ethiopia, aim to: deepen understanding, political engagement and representation for highly stigmatised groups; champion the use of arts in deepening democracy and peacebuilding; and learn about decolonising partnerships. Building on an existing two year partnership, this follow-on grant will enable us to fulfil the vision explained in a short film by Mursi pastoralist and film-maker Olisalari Olibui Tolongu and the playwright Tesfahun Haddis Hailu (see https://grnpp.org/olisarali/). The Mursi in Ethiopia are engaging with this democratic need through collaborative, research-based and multimedia means: ethnography, documentary film and indigenous theatre to educate policy-makers and the public about their political challenges and solutions. The play has been written, women and men of the Mursi community have been recruited as actors, the network created, and the South Omo Theatre Company poised to perform and broadcast its recommendations.

This follow-on grant would enable this coalition to tour the play culminating in a performance at the National Theatre in Addis Ababa, show a recorded version in universities, and make a film documenting the process to be broadcast widely in Ethiopia and the UK. The team will hold high level dialogues with policy-makers and communicate learning through blogs, social media, two academic articles and various websites and networks in Ethiopia and the UK. With civil society partners, they will promote a more holistic approach to promotion minority rights and peacebuilding with indigenous groups. Confronting complex and sensitive issues of violence, gender inequality and racism at a delicate time in the politics of Ethiopia is possible because this team has substantial experience of working in Southern Ethiopia, conflict-affected states and risky political environments as well as the use of the arts in peacebuilding.

The impact of this initiative would be to enhance the representation of a specific marginalised group - the Mursi in South Omo, Ethiopia - by mobilising cultural assets and more specifically reimaging politics through the use of theatre, film and advocacy, including policy dialogues, a symposium and digital media. By generating evidence and sharing learning about using cultural assets for peacebuliding with minority groups and decolonising global partnerships, the impact will extend far beyond the specific group of the Mursi to any group marginalised by conflict over land, ethnicity, remoteness, and indigeneity. This could be of huge value to other groups seeking means to argue for strategies to be left in peace but avoid being left behin

Publications

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Title Promo - Performance in South Omo 
Description Film director Ben Young's eight minute preview to promote the upcoming documentary film about South Omo Theatre project. This clip starts in South Omo where rehearsals for the play Tiranya Ko Koisana are progressing slowly. It showcases the challenges that the team must overcome before they can perform at the National Theatre in Addis Ababa. Young's film is currently in post-production and will be released in 2023 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2023 
Impact This promo clip will be featured on project websites (GRNPP, SoT and SOAS) and social media to draw attention to the forthcoming documentary film about the production and performance of the play Tiranya ko Koisani. 
URL https://vimeo.com/808070763/a7c46e279a
 
Title Tiranya Ko Koisani: A play about love and war in Mursiland 
Description Olisarali, a Mursi pastoralist and Director at the South Omo Theatre Company, wrote a play - in collaboration with a team of Ethiopian theatre professionals from Mekelle and Wolkite Universities- dramatising a love story set in Mursiland and based on true events, in which two men are in love with the same girl. According to Mursi customary law, such a conflict is best resolved through donga (stick duelling), which used for peace and stability in Mursiland. The play draws on the Mursi's rich performative culture and oral traditions, with a cast of Mursi actors. It is the first production put on by any community in South Omo and in their own language. Alongside the play, SOT is producing a broadcast quality feature documentary about the process, due for international release. Performances took place in Omo Valley, Wolkite and Addis Ababa, attended by politicians and TV crews, culminating in a packed performance at the 1260 seat National Theatre in Addis Ababa on 31 July 2022. Throughout the production, the South Omo Theatre team and its partners strived to create a work that was rooted in Mursi indigenous practices and remain locally relevant, while, at the same time, actively recognising and offering training and tutorials on international theatre practices. 
Type Of Art Performance (Music, Dance, Drama, etc) 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact The play is beginning to improve dialogue and relations between the Mursi community and both local and centralised government, but is also changing political and cultural stereotypes about the Mursi among the public.The press coverage about this event was extensive. The play was shown on national TV and written about in national newspapers in Ethiopia: https://www.thereporterethiopia.com/25358/; https://www.thereporterethiopia.com/25581/ as well as in the US: https://www.uc.edu/news/articles/2022/08/from-cincinnati-to-ethiopia--ccm-lighting-design-professor-shares-her-summer-experience.html 
URL http://www.southomotheatre.com/whats-on
 
Description This partnership between a pastoralist community in South Omo, Ethiopia, an Ethiopian/UK cultural organisation South Omo Theatre Company, and two universities (Wolkite University and SOAS University of London) navigated through extraordinary difficulties during 2022 to fulfil the dream of a Mursi cattle-herder and film-maker: Olisarali Olibui, to put on a play at the National Theatre in Addis Ababa.

Olisarali wrote a play about Mursi culture and political struggles and guided the process as Wolkite University theatre lecturers trained Mursi community members to become actors from scratch, conducted rehearsals for several months, and finally put on the production in Wolkite and at the National Theatre of Addis Ababa. They negotiated with TV channels and media outlets to broadcast the play with interviews of Olisarali and other key protagonists. South Omo Theatre Company (SOT) persuaded a world-leading lighting designer (Sharon Huizinga from the US) to set up and train people in Wolkite and Addis on the lighting and film projection - both the technical and design aspects. SOT also filmed the whole process of putting on the play from beginning to final performance and will produce a full length documentary to be broadcast at festivals and a major exhibition (to be held at the Brunei Gallery, SOAS, January to March 2024).

The difficulties that had to be overcome included: inter-ethnic conflict in South Omo and a civil war in the north of the country; no tradition of theatre among the Mursi and no experience of travel for most of the actors; the community and theatre directors working in different languages (Mursi and Amharic respectively) while the external team had different disciplines and training (technical theatre expertise, film-making and anthropology); racism encountered by the Mursi when travelling; an extremely tight budget; and disagreements about how to stage a play that would be captivating to an Ethiopian audience while remaining true to Mursi culture and values. The scale of the endeavour meant that involving the right people at the right moment was complex. Rather than being defeated by any of these challenges, we researched the process of overcoming them both in real time and reflectively after events. SOAS observed, interviewed and discussed achievements, setbacks and findings during the year, keeping an ethnographic log for the production of academic outputs.

Collectively all those involved inquired into how this coalition produced an outstandingly impressive play to a high professional standard with actors who had never encountered a theatre before in their lives. In a journal article written by Olisarali, two academics at Wolkite University and two at SOAS, we have analysed the process of developing knowledge and reconciling differences. The film is currently being finalised and a clip can be found here: https://vimeo.com/808070763/a7c46e279a while further updates about the film will be posted at: https://www.southomotheatre.com/
Exploitation Route We are completing research on how the outcomes of this programme are being put to use by the Mursi community, by Wolkite University, and by the journalists who reported on the theatrical performance and will report once we have collated our findings. Most significantly, it has led to dialogue between Mursi community members and local government officials, collaborating to find solutions to local challenges relating to health, conflict, and food security.
Sectors Creative Economy,Leisure Activities, including Sports, Recreation and Tourism,Government, Democracy and Justice,Security and Diplomacy

URL https://grnpp.org/olisarali/
 
Description The main impacts of this coalition are educational - in terms of both knowledge and capacity development - for the various groups involved: (a) Seven members of the Mursi community, who had never encountered theatre before and, in most case, never travelled beyond Mursiland, learned how to become actors and navigate Wolkite and Addis Ababa cities; (b) Government representatives and even the Minister of Culture attended the performance at the National Theatre of Addis Ababa. Ethiopians, including government ministers, who encountered the Mursi in person learned about their culture and had their assumptions about the community profoundly challenged; journalists depicted this transformation of understanding about Mursi culture on five national media channels and two interviews broadcast on national TV. Local politicians and officials in South Omo also saw the Mursi in a different light, paving the way for Mursi leaders to create contacts with local government that has already made it possible to discuss how to solve local problems far more collaboratively; (c) the capacity in Wolkite University and the National Theatre of Addis Ababa for putting on theatre production with lighting design and film projection has been enhanced to the highest level of professionalism. This is first time in Ethiopia that indigenous people have written and acted in a play on a national theatrical stage and portrayed the culture of their community. (d) the team members who have been trained in different disciplines (theatre production, film-making and anthropology) exchanged their knowledge in profound ways and will bring their multi-disciplinary insights into a new three-year programme of Mursi-led research. As the research was only completed in February 2023, so it is too soon to give definitive conclusions about political impact, but once we have finished collecting data on attitudinal change and improvements in Mursi-government relations, we will report on impacts in greater depth.
First Year Of Impact 2022
Sector Creative Economy,Government, Democracy and Justice
Impact Types Cultural,Policy & public services

 
Description The Mursi Encountering the Other: mediating representation, research and influence
Amount £343,583 (GBP)
Funding ID AH/X008002/1 
Organisation Arts & Humanities Research Council (AHRC) 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 02/2023 
End 01/2026
 
Description 2 day workshop led by Meron Tesfaye and Asteway Melesse: drama, speech-making and theatre in South Omo 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Study participants or study members
Results and Impact In April 2022 Meron Tesfaye and Asteway Melesse: travelled from Wolkitte University to South Omo to hold a two day workshop introducing contemporary theatre to Mursi people and facilitating conversation about speech-making and drama in Mursiland. Auditions were held and a cast recruited for theatre training at Wolkite University.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description Blog report on Sharon Huizinga's visit to Ethiopia 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact A blog post in which Dr Sharon Huizinga discusses her time in Ethiopia and her contribution to the performance of the play
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://www.uc.edu/news/articles/2022/08/from-cincinnati-to-ethiopia--ccm-lighting-design-professor-...
 
Description Dedicated website for the South Omo Theatre project 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact A website created to showcase the work of the South Omo Theatre Company, promote the performance in Addis Ababa, and highlight the culture of Mursi people living in South Omo.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://www.southomotheatre.com/
 
Description Drama, play writing and acting workshop 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Study participants or study members
Results and Impact In April 2023 Mursi cast members met with students from Wolkite University for ten days of facilitated workshops on play writing, drama and acting with Meron Tesfaye and Yosef Nafkot:
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description Feature broadcast on Balageru TV 
Form Of Engagement Activity A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact A feature about the play Tiranya Ko Koisani broadcast on Balageru TV and associated social media channels (youtube and facebook) in July 2022. Alongside extracts from rehearsals, the programme included interviews with project members Asteway Melesse, Meron Tesfaye, and Olisalari Olibui. The purpose of the broadcast was to promote the performance and to highlight the multifaceted issues facing the Mursi in South Omo. A second feature https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odMOGyDew4U was dedicated to an interview with Olisarali
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iu7U32kSL1g
 
Description Feature broadcast on FANA TV 
Form Of Engagement Activity A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact A 25 minute TV programme about the play Tiranya Ko Koisani that was broadcast on FANA TV and associated social media channels (youtube and facebook) in July 2022. Alongside extracts from rehearsals, the programme included interviews with project members Asteway Melesse, Emma Crewe, Sharon Huizinga, Olisalari Olibui, Meron Tesfaye and the director of Ethiopia's National Theatre. The purpose of the broadcast was to promote the performance and to highlight the multifaceted issues facing the Mursi in South Omo. FANA TV also carried a 45 minute interview with Olisarali https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3vXJYe1HAA
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ia9nH75fc-c
 
Description Feature on DireTube 
Form Of Engagement Activity A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact A 20 minute feature about the play Tiranya Ko Koisani shown on the popular Youtube channel DireTube. Alongside extracts from rehearsals, the programme included interviews with project members Asteway Melesse, Olisalari Olibui and Meron Tesfaye. The purpose of the broadcast was to promote the performance and to highlight the multifaceted issues facing the Mursi in South Omo.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jMQjdymJLdg
 
Description Lighting design workshop at Wolkitte University 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact A lighting design workshop conducted with Sharon Huizinga of the University of Cincinnati for 20 media students and theatre technicians at the University of Wolkite.. Held over two days in June 2022 this workshop covered lighting design and practice, equipment and electrical theory,
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://www.uc.edu/news/articles/2022/08/from-cincinnati-to-ethiopia--ccm-lighting-design-professor-...
 
Description Lighting design workshops in Addis Ababa 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Lighting design workshops conducted by Dr Sharon Huizinga of the University of Cincinnati for lighting technicians at the Hagr Fikr Theatre, Ethiopian National Theatre and Addis Ababa University. Held over three days in May 2022 this workshop covered all aspects of lighting design and practice, technical equipment and electrical theory,
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://www.uc.edu/news/articles/2022/08/from-cincinnati-to-ethiopia--ccm-lighting-design-professor-...
 
Description Performance in Addis Ababa of the Play Tiranya Ko Koisani 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact The third performance of Tiranya Ko Koisani - the play written by Olisarali Olibui and members of the Mursi community - took place on 31st July 2022 at the National Theatre in Addis Ababa to a audience of 1000. The play - dramatising a love story set in Mursiland and based on true events, tells the story of two men who are in love with the same girl. According to Mursi customary law, such a conflict is best resolved through donga (stick duelling), which used for peace and stability in Mursiland. The play draws on the Mursi's rich performative culture and oral traditions, with a cast of Mursi actors. It is the first production put on by any community in South Omo and in their own language.
The performances was attended by politicians and TV crews. The play and the media attention it attracted challenged negative stereotypes about the Mursi and highlighted their development needs and lack of political representation.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description Performance in South Omo of the Play Tiranya Ko Koisani 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact The first performance of Tiranya Ko Koisani - the play written by Olisarali Olibui and members of the Mursi community - took place in Makki, South Omo in June 2022 in front of an audience of thirty Musri people. The play - dramatising a love story set in Mursiland and based on true events, tells the story of two men who are in love with the same girl. According to Mursi customary law, such a conflict is best resolved through donga (stick duelling), which used for peace and stability in Mursiland. The play draws on the Mursi's rich performative culture and oral traditions, with a cast of Mursi actors. It is the first production put on by any community in South Omo and in their own language. The performance offered opportunities for feedback and was designed to spark debate about notions of development and relations with the local and national state.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description Performance in Wolkitte of the Play Tiranya Ko Koisani 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Undergraduate students
Results and Impact The second performance of Tiranya Ko Koisani - the play written by Olisarali Olibui and members of the Mursi community - took place at Wolkitte University in front of an audience of 350 students, members of University faculty and media. The play - dramatising a love story set in Mursiland and based on true events, tells the story of two men who are in love with the same girl. According to Mursi customary law, such a conflict is best resolved through donga (stick duelling), which used for peace and stability in Mursiland. The play draws on the Mursi's rich performative culture and oral traditions, with a cast of Mursi actors. It is the first production put on by any community in South Omo and in their own language.
The performance was filmed by TV crews and Olisarali and members of the cast for interviewed for national TV challenging stereotypes about Mursi people and highlighting their lack of political representation
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description TV broadcast on ARTS TV 
Form Of Engagement Activity A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact A 24 minute TV programme about the play Tiranya Ko Koisani that was broadcast on African Renaissance TV (ARTS TV) and associated social media channels (youtube and facebook) in July 2022. Alongside extracts from rehearsals, the programme included interviews with project members Asteway Melesse, Emma Crewe, Olisalari Olibui and the director of Ethiopia's National Theatre. The purpose of the broadcast was to introduce Mursi people to a national audience and to highlight the multifaceted issues facing the Mursi in South Omo. Additional ARTS TV new reports promoted the play: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ZKfiqR2Yj4; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DzxGurnS4_E;
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCMm2rs-nZ4
 
Description TV programme broadcast on Nahoo TV 
Form Of Engagement Activity A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact A 24 minute TV programme about the play Tiranya Ko Koisani that was broadcast on Nahoo TV and associated social media channels (youtube and facebook) in July 2022. Alongside extracts from rehearsals, the programme included interviews with project members Asteway Melesse, Olisalari Olibui and Yosef Nafkot. The purpose of the programme was to promote the performance in Addis Ababa and to highlight the multifaceted issues facing the Mursi in South Omo.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1nCSZmxJYbo