Confronting Historical Wrongs in Liverpool and Beyond: Creative Responses and Anticolonial Approaches to Environmental Science

Lead Research Organisation: University of Liverpool
Department Name: Geography and Planning

Abstract

Conversations related to "decolonising the curriculum" have gained increasing momentum over the past ten years and continue to surge. Whilst ideas related to such a demanding yet necessary endeavour are often hotly contested and unquestionably imperfect, discussions across the UK related to "decolonising" higher education are generative as they cast crucial light upon a host of persistent challenges and structural inequalities faced by underrepresented groups, teaching/research staff, university administrators, and even policy makers. Undeniably, coloniality endures, which is especially the case in the fields of Environmental Science and Geography. On this point, as Noxolo (2017) reminds us, the continued Eurocentrism of Environmental Studies and Geography "displays little practical contemporary openness to difference and diversity in its knowledge production processes." That said, decolonising a curriculum and diversifying a discipline is not the same as simply comparing Western and Southern theories or adding readings from non-Western and/or Majority World scholars into a course syllabus. Material and structural change is necessary and it is imperative that decolonisation not be merely a metaphor (Tuck & Yang, 2012).

If a "decolonising" agenda that takes seriously and wrestles with the politics of race, history, and the environment is going to be advanced in the UK, there is a case to be made that Liverpool be ground zero. As a city with the longest established Black community in the UK (Costello, 2001), both Liverpool's history and its present reality provides a complex and poignant case for examining the legacies of colonialism. Indeed, the experience of Black people across Liverpool has been one of continuous exposure to and struggle against racism and discrimination coupled with collective, community-based strategies for confronting legacies of coloniality within the city (Zack-Williams, 1997). Accordingly, this project aims to pinpoint and correct colonial conventions and Eurocentric values that exist at the University of Liverpool through how we conduct science in the day-to-day, with the ultimate goal of making Environmental Science at once more diverse and accepting of other ways of producing knowledge.

To avoid extractive and tokenistic (colonial) research (Smith, 2021), this project is co-produced and guided by the preferences of local stakeholders and community partners. Collaborative process will feature extensively with an emphasis placed on: 1) strengthening university and community relations; and 2) producing quality open access outputs that are relevant to project partners and effecting social justice. Research activities will consist of dynamic, mixed methods approaches that include a variety of archival and participatory techniques that will cast critical anti-racist light on both the environmental sciences and Liverpool's colonial history. In addition, community-based workshops will facilitate discussions about what role ULIV can play in community development. Here, interviews with local stakeholders and established experts will generate ideas about how ULIV SOES can ameliorate enrolment gaps in minority ethnic and first-generation students, as well as what SOES can do in hiring practices to increase diversity in the environmental sciences. Additionally, via a series of in-depth interviews with scientists and artists from minority ethnic and first-generation backgrounds, we will produce a podcast, website, and visual 'Anticolonial Practice in Environmental Science' guide. The anticolonial guide content will consist of an array of informative and accessible materials that can be hosted on SOES and UKRI websites. The dynamic methods we employ will allow the team to explore the hidden histories of Liverpool and Environmental Science while showcasing academic-informed and community-led solutions that are aimed at rectifying injustices related to institutionalised racism, classism, and colonialism.

Publications

10 25 50
 
Title The Threads that Tie us Together 
Description A 30-minute participatory film 'The Threads that Tie us Together' was produced and directed by PI Shelda-Jane Smith and artist/filmmaker Michele Peterkin-Walker. The narrative and filming were all co-produced with community volunteers and tells the story of a community centre threatened with closure. The film outlines a community-led, grassroots regeneration project to restore Merseyside's historic Caribbean Community Centre in Toxteth, Liverpool. It features interviews with activists, volunteers, and patrons who have collectively engaged in reviving the abandoned centre to turn it into a vibrant cultural hub in Liverpool. 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact The film held its first public screening at 'Kulture Day' on 25th September 2022 at the Palm House, Sefton Park, Liverpool, followed by a panel session with Shelda-Jane Smith, Michele Peterkin-Walker and other filmmakers. This was well attended by a wide range of audiences/ wider Liverpool city region who may not be familiar with the Merseyside Caribbean Centre. The film has been produced to establish and make clear the social and cultural value of the centre. The findings of which will aide in the ongoing negotiations with city officials. 
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JKoncF637nk
 
Description Participatory Action Research within environmental/social sciences - Methodologically speaking, this project has allowed the team to reflect upon the practice of participatory research, questioning what it means to co-produce research outputs and the potential pulls between traditional academic outputs on the one hand and the value of co-producing outputs that have immediate impact and benefit for communities, artists and activists that require sustained and equitable engagement with project partners. Similarly, drawing upon autoethnographic data, key findings demonstrate specific challenges associated with participatory research such as ensuring, building, and maintaining trust over time and thinking about the sustainability of research-funded community interventions, opening up further concerns for what happens to research partnerships after the project ends.


Co-production and creativity as research outputs - Through participatory methods, this project has questioned what constitutes knowledge, including its production and exchange, and the involvement of the public in research planning. As engagement with communities deepened, it became apparent that academic papers were not outputs that we needed to prioritize as our partners requested creative, co-produced outcomes that would engage a wider public and were highly accessible. Further questions arose around ownership of knowledge and tokenistic forms of co-production and content sharing.


Community action for health and wellbeing - Interview and ethnographic data were collected to show how racially marginalised communities are responding to neoliberal agendas and the impacts of community asset dispossession. Emerging findings focus on two examples 1) the creation of formalised organisations/charities and 2) volunteering in collective (mental) health practice. Specific to the practice of voluntary mental health support, these findings demonstrate the impacts of limited access to low-intervention mental support. Furthermore, this theme documents how community groups are seeking support for wellbeing and health away from traditional forms of clinical intervention. Findings demonstrate an interest in activities such as community gardening and counselling practices underpinned by liberation psychology and social movements.


The reflections taken from the participatory research will be put into conversation with the emergent findings of an archival-based research paper, examining how environmental sciences have traditionally conducted geographical research with underrepresented communities. This output will draw from examples of historical approaches to environmental sciences at The University of Liverpool and propose ways forward for contemporary environmental/geographical scientists (both social and physical) to conduct ethically, engaged community-driven research.
Exploitation Route The outcomes of this research can be disseminated in various ways to benefit society and advance social science research across the environmental sciences.

Educational Resources -We envision that the website, film and podcast series can be used as public educational resources, for all ages allowing others to learn from and build upon the outputs findings.

Collaboration with third sector organisations - the creative and community-driven outputs can and have been used to demonstrate the social value of a particular local movement which has enabled our project partners to develop their organisational strategy and services that they provide.

Academic - The reflections of participatory methods and the co-production of research outputs can be used by academics who are conducting research with underrepresented communities to better understand, interrogate and develop their own research practice.
Sectors Communities and Social Services/Policy,Education,Environment,Healthcare,Government, Democracy and Justice,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections

 
Description The creative outputs (the film in particular) as well as the ongoing contribution and support of the research team to the campaign for access to the site of The Caribbean Community Centre have been used to demonstrate the social value of this volunteer-led movement. In particular, the participatory aspect of the research has allowed for the research team to significantly contribute to organisational strategy and development of service provision such as wellbeing and community action workshops, gardening projects and apiculture.
First Year Of Impact 2023
Sector Communities and Social Services/Policy
Impact Types Cultural,Societal,Policy & public services

 
Description Project partner - organisational strategy development
Geographic Reach Local/Municipal/Regional 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
Impact This public influence has contributed to what was a largely activist-led project (of occupying an abandoned public site and restoring it to its full capacity), and implementing a successful organizational strategy. This includes developing an effective board of directors/trustees (2021-2022), becoming a registered charity (2022) and engaging in negotiations with city council officials (outcome pending). If successful in securing, the board of trustees with support from the project funding and activities will have achieved its objectives of accquiring legal access to community assets.
 
Description Liverpool Black Archive Hub 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Liverpool Black Archive Hub is a network of local artists and historians set up by the project funds and has become a repository of Liverpool 8 (Toxteth) living histories. Currently, the website makes available photographs, oral history accounts, and films documenting the contemporary history of Black presence in Liverpool.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://lbah.co.uk/
 
Description Ubuntu Mental Health Collective 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Led by a qualified practitioner and community activist, the project has supported the development of the Ubuntu Mental Health Collective in Liverpool. This collective has ~ 20 members including the general public, community leaders and a range of mental health practitioners who meet regularly to engage in discussions about community mental health, Afrocentric/Black psychology, and care practices.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022,2023