Transnational 'Anti-Gender' Movements and Resistance: Narratives and Interventions

Lead Research Organisation: London School of Economics and Political Science
Department Name: Gender Institute

Abstract

Right-wing agendas have consistently identified feminism, gender equality and anti-racism as a problem, and have used 'anti-gender', 'anti-feminist', and anti-migrant feeling as a way of garnering support for nationalist, cultural, religious or political agendas. Currently 'anti-gender' attacks are on the rise globally, in the form of violence against feminists, LGBTQI communities and institutionalisation of feminist thought in universities, NGOs and governments. 'Anti-gender' aggression also forms part of religious, ethnic, cultural and nationalist fundamentalism in a range of contexts, with gender equality demonised as a foreign import associated with heightened migration and liberalisation, or heightened Westernisation. Within feminism, too, 'anti-gender' work insists on the integrity of 'sex', both as the unique site of sexual oppression of women, and as a unique position from which to challenge sexual violence and its representations. In this context, trans* claims to integrity are dismissed, and critiques of sexual essentialism from within decolonial feminism remain unacknowledged. The research network starts from a critique of sexed, sexual, racial and cultural 'authenticity' that lies at the core of 'anti-gender' rhetoric, exploring Arts and Humanities approaches that can help us draw out how these mobilisations work, with the aim of generating more robust tools for resistance to the take up of anti-feminism for right-wing agendas.

It will bring together people who are already doing research on 'gender ideology' within academia, or as activists and policy-makers, and ask them to foreground a focus on concepts and narrative in order to contribute to the network's transnational methodological aims. We will invite participants from the main sites of 'anti-gender' mobilisations: Brazil, India, Pakistan, Hungary, Germany, Poland, the UK, the US and Scandinavia to participate in four linked events as follows:

1. Politics. This workshop will identify the 'politics of "anti-gender" mobilisations' across multiple sites and scales by focusing on common languages used, figures invoked, concepts developed and narrative arcs embellished. It will explore methods through which 'anti-gender' approaches are linked to right-wing developments and begin to answer the question of why gender itself is so important as part of arguments about culture and authority. Finally, it will ask after the modes of resistance that also characterise its contemporary politics.
2. Geographies. This second workshop will foreground the question of location and scale in examining crossovers between sites of investigation transnationally. How are a range of different geographies represented as 'under siege', and how are the boundaries and borders of region, nation or culture produced and policed (at the grammatical and rhetorical level). How are such instantiations resisted by transnational social movement for gender equality?
3. Temporalities. The third workshop focuses on the stories told about past, present and future by 'anti-gender' movements transnationally. How are audiences persuaded of what has been lost and what needs to be found (again)? Origin stories about family and nation are key here, but how do these stories work to generate an idea of a shared temporality across different sites? How too do responses from within intersectional feminisms work to interrupt those temporalities to open up new futures?
4. Transnational Imaginaries. This final event will be a larger one that presents the work of the workshops to a broad audience and showcases the importance of a narrative approach as part of developing a transnational methodology to interrogate and resist 'anti-gender' mobilisations.

The work starts from a resistance to 'anti-gender' work, and its participants locate themselves as part of trans* inclusive, intersectional, anticolonial feminism attentive to the importance of Arts and Humanities-based interventions to political critique.
 
Title Audio podcast 
Description Audio podcast with Sonia Correa, Sexuality Policy Watch 
Type Of Art Artefact (including digital) 
Year Produced 2023 
Impact Dissemination 
 
Title Intersections Between Anti-Gender Politics, Racisms, Feminisms and Colonialities in Latin America 
Description Utube video of the Trialogue at the Sexuality Policy Watch/Network workshop in Rio (2023) 
Type Of Art Artefact (including digital) 
Year Produced 2023 
Impact Increased visibility for the event and for the work of both Sexuality Policy Watch and the AHRC Network 
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VlM-QQHozkw
 
Title sxpolitics and flaviamrios (podcast) 
Description Podcast from the 2nd workshop for Flavia Ramiros' intervention. Uploaded to Sexuality Policy Watch site and instagram and circulated transnationally 
Type Of Art Artefact (including digital) 
Year Produced 2024 
Impact Too soon to tell 
URL https://www.instagram.com/reel/C3n4rADPqOG/?igsh=b3RncmFucjlxM3Zk
 
Description 1. What were the most significant achievements from the award?
*Running of three international events as part of the network - Dec 2022 (LSE); April 2023 (Rio); Feb 2024 (LSE and SOAS). Over 1000 people across two days at the final February event; and around 500 in total for the other two (including online participants). Recordings of the keynote panels constitute valuable resources and will be on our dedicated website
*Development and management of a 30-strong international Advisory Board, including 3 Advisory Board meetings and invitations of key participants at the workshops
*Setting up and running of a dedicated website for the project, which reported on workshops and gives information on the Advisory Board. It was expanded to include news and events (ongoing) related to the network (the coordinator ran this); and advertised the workshops and keynote panels for each event. Podcasts and/or recordings from all events are on the site, and a dedicated X feed from the network expanded the social media visibility of the project.
*Co-publishing from the workshops on the Engenderings blog from March 2023 and ongoing. The blog is a PhD-run interdisciplinary platform, thus we also supported early career editors. Two pieces from the Rio workshop were translated into English, and a podcast of a speaker made (with English subtitles).
*Regular dissemination of information about and finding from the network through public platforms at LSE, nationally and internationally (see publications). The PI and CI were consistently asked for comment about anti-gender activity transnationally, and were invited to speak at conferences on the project. PI and CI gave 6 conference talks on the project since March 2023.

2. To what extent were the award objectives met? If you can, briefly explain why any key objectives were not met.
*The network met all of its objectives as outlined in the award application.
*We established a transnational network, held several workshops and conference events (bar one in June 2023, as we decided to combine the resources for a fuller event in Feb 2024, as agreed).
*We hired a research coordinator (two over the project) to support early career participation and collaboration (including each giving a paper at the network conferences)
*We included a range of early and more established career participants - the last workshops had 4 PhD students and 3 early career people speaking in addition to senior interlocutors. Activist and policy/charity-sector inclusion was high. For example, we collaborated with Sonia Correa of Sexuality Policy Watch (Brazil) over the duration of the project; and our final 2-day event had activists and social justice organisers in conversation with academics throughout.
*EDI objectives of AHRC networks were exceeded - our final two-day event had 18/32 speakers black or of color women or trans* participants. We also included our Scholar At Risk (BA funded) Irina Zherebkina.

3. Intellectual and Policy Objectives
These were exceeded:
*We generated a dynamic space for discussion within the network, bringing together people from South Africa, Pakistan, Ukraine, Hungary, France, Brazil, Botswana, UK, The Netherlands, Sweden, and the US for workshops and for ongoing research sharing.
*We provided support for Advisory Board members, many of whom have difficulty in combating anti-feminist and/or anti-LGBTQ movements in their own contexts. The network thus provided professional support as well as recognition regionally and transnationally.
*We engaged with activists and policy makers in Latin America (the second workshop in particular), and mapped the different policy and practice issues in different contexts as far as possible.
*We generated the background knowledge to be able to use the network as a springboard from more direct knowledge exchange, dissemination and policy intervention in the future.

4. The key findings of the network can be summarised as:
*Identifying the increased importance of 'anti-gender' movements and sentiments in transnational populist mobilisations (mostly, but not exclusively right-wing) and as part of state governance.
*Establishing the narrative technique of oppositional comparison that pits women's rights against e.g. trans* or migrant rights in ways the network has sought to challenge (historically, conceptually and politically)
*Exploring the overlapping histories and origin stories transnationally: thus both confirming the role of religious organisations and anti-gender movements in Latin America, Europe and the US; but also challenging the exclusive nature of these origins in e.g. China, Ukraine, Pakistan and South Africa (where histories of conflict and violence are key)
*Identifying key tropes that link hostility to feminisms and LGBTQ communities and people with those used against migrants and racialised subjects. These are increasingly used to bolster securitised borders and to fuel nationalisms
Exploitation Route *The website has gathered resources that will be of use for a broad range of site visitors - policy report, events, blog posts, podcasts and recordings will remain there and the site is open
*The blog posts, publications and interview with the organisers of the network are widely available.

Future work:
*We have been asked to write a sequence of pieces (including network participants) on anti-gender movements for LSE Impact (their main and influential blog) and will do this in the coming months both before and over the end of the formal project timeframe.
*We will publish a (double) special issue from the final 2-day event and are currently in discussion with key feminist transnational journals to this end. This will be in the follow-up period after the funding because of the time needed from the last event to publication.
*We will put in for AHRC extension funding for knowledge exchange and impact; if successful we will write a series of briefing documents on outcomes that can be used by activists, union members, charities and policy-makers.
*Other funding will be applied for by members of the network - e.g. Eric Fassin and Clare Hemmings will put in an application for an ERC grant on anti-migrant and anti-gender overlaps.
Sectors Education

Healthcare

Government

Democracy and Justice

Culture

Heritage

Museums and Collections

URL https://www.lse.ac.uk/gender/research/AHRC/AHRC-home
 
Description 1. Our findings have been disseminated through several interviews with the PI and CI of the project, listed here: (2024) Interview with Clare Hemmings by Laurie Essig for 'Global Anti-Gender Ideology' Podcast Series [podcast in the US] (2024) Interview with Clare Hemmings and Sumi Madhok, 'Pandemonium' Special Issue, Women's Studies Quarterly 52. 1 & 2, Spring/Summer (2023) Interview with Clare Hemmings and Sumi Madhok by Terhi Hautmåki, 'Gender Issue Became an Obsession for Dictators: Anti-gender Movements are Networking Everywhere', Ulkoplitikka, 7 December: https://ulkopolitiikka.fi/lehti/4-2023/sukupuoliasioista-tuli-yksinvaltiaille-pakkomielle-antigender-liikkeet-verkostoituvat-joka-suunnalla/ [Finnish newspaper] (2023) Interview by Jess Winterstein, 'Mapping Anti-gender Movements and Resistance: an Interview with Clare Hemmings and Sumi Madhok', for LSE Research For the World, March. 2. The Rio Workshop - Transnational Anti-Gender Movements and Geographies: Latin-American Perspectives - was run by Sonia Correa, Director of Sexuality Policy Watch. This organisation monitors changes in rights and freedoms for sexual and gender minorities in Latin-America. The April 2023 workshop brought together Latin-American experts in anti-gender movements and shared experiences and strategies, taking home common interventions. The work of the AHRC network as a transnational mapping of narratives and concepts in anti-gender movements was disseminated broadly there among activists and charitable sector workers. 3. The dedicated website for the network has been live since Dec 2022 and has a section on news and developments, where information (particularly from network members) is posted. This includes policy reports, individual workshops and publications, changes in legislation. The project also has a growing mailing list for events and information/dissemination of outputs, ongoing news and events, podcasts and audio materials from our workshops. We are frequently contacted for information and support for other people engaging in similar work.
First Year Of Impact 2022
Sector Communities and Social Services/Policy,Education,Government, Democracy and Justice
Impact Types Cultural

Societal

 
Description Gender Department 30th Anniversary Research Funds
Amount £2,500 (GBP)
Organisation London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London) 
Sector Academic/University
Country United Kingdom
Start 01/2024 
End 02/2024
 
Description Gender Department RIIF
Amount £5,750 (GBP)
Organisation London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London) 
Sector Academic/University
Country United Kingdom
Start 08/2022 
End 01/2023
 
Description Knowledge Exchange Funds
Amount £6,000 (GBP)
Organisation London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London) 
Sector Academic/University
Country United Kingdom
Start 08/2003 
End 02/2024
 
Description First AHRC Network Workshop at LSE: Transnational "Anti-Gender" Politics and Resistance 
Organisation School of Oriental and African Studies (University of London)
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The workshop was hosted at LSE in December 2022, 3 months after the start of the network. It was over 2 days, including a network meeting for guests and a one-day workshop with Advisory Board collaborators and an audience of 300+ participants.
Collaborator Contribution Members of the AHRC Network in attendance all gave papers and participated in the Advisory Board Meeting: Sonia Correa (Sexuality Policy Watch, Brazil); Eric Fassin (Paris 8); Olga Plakhotnik (Berlin/Ukraine); Anne Phillips, Nicola Lacey, Leticia Sabsay, SM Rodriguez, Niharika Pandit, Marsha Henry, Ania Plomien (LSE Gender); Hakan Seckinelgin and Coretta Phillips (LSE Social Policy); Shaku Banaji (LSE Media); Alyosxa Tudor (SOAS); Judith Butler (UC Berkeley); Tshepo Ricki Kgositau (GATE); Francoise Verges (Decolonize the Arts)
Impact Series from Workshop being published in Engenderings Blog (ongoing)
Start Year 2022
 
Description SOAS Conference February: We are the feminisms in the lecture theatres and on the streets 
Organisation School of Oriental and African Studies (University of London)
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The conference was held at SOAS, university of london, in Feb 2023. Several of the members of the AHRC Network were in attendance and spoke: Clare Hemmings (PI), Sumi Madhok (CI); Alyosxa Tudor (organiser); SM Rodriguez.
Collaborator Contribution They organised the event as part of the expansion of the network.
Impact Publications in Engenderings forthcoming; ongoing discussion with Sexualities journal for publication.
Start Year 2023
 
Description Transnational Anti-Gender Resistance 
Organisation School of Oriental and African Studies (University of London)
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution We partnered with SOAS Centre for Gender Studies for the final event of the network. We invited Advisory Board members, held a joint meeting, chaired and introduced the events.
Collaborator Contribution Co-hosting the event, particularly final keynote panel held at SOAS.
Impact https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AmLiW_tuyy0 - keynote panel livestreamed and available on LSE utube channel (over 700 people in attendance, with overflow room, and 1000+ online attendees)
Start Year 2024
 
Description Transnational "Anti-Gender" Politics and Resistance: Web Resources Page 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Development and ongoing updating of AHRC Website associated with the Network to disseminate materials emerging from the project and news/related events and outputs
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022,2023,2024
URL https://www.lse.ac.uk/gender/research/AHRC/AHRC-archive