Speech! Speech! Dramatising Rhetorical Citizenship

Lead Research Organisation: University of Birmingham
Department Name: History and Cultures

Abstract

Robust public debate and the freedom to make arguments and counterarguments are essential to democracy. Today, however, political dispute is ever more sectarian and angry, fears of misinformation are (justifiably) widespread and political discussion confined within groups of the like-minded talking to each other online. Against this background the proposed project develops and redeploys findings from AHRC-funded research into 'The Crisis of Rhetoric'. It centres on the concept of 'rhetorical citizenship', which names our common rights to hear and see political actors present their arguments directly to us, judge them for ourselves and, crucially, to take part in public debate and discussion with skills that match those of professional political actors. It follows that citizens need to:

a) be empowered to develop, write and deliver their own persuasive arguments
b) have knowledge of the techniques and styles of political speech and rhetoric, and of how to understand and assess them
c) be part of a political culture which takes political speech and debate seriously, and which creates occasions when speech and argument can be experienced directly and unmediated.

The project will cultivate skills in writing and delivering powerful speeches, as well as critical thinking about what makes for good and bad political rhetoric, enhancing shared rhetorical citizenship. It will further and deepen the dissemination of academic research to new communities, as part of developing and delivering training for members of the public in these rhetorical arts, by encouraging critically-minded celebration of the potential contribution of political speech and rhetorical citizenship to our democratic lives.

The project will achieve this primarily through a partnership between the academic project team and Dash Arts, an award-winning and internationally engaged theatre company specialising in creating unique live and digital events. Together we will develop theatrical practices and a body of original experimental performance work through which participants and audiences can develop their critical understanding and practical experience of political rhetoric and argument. Through workshops and public performances developed in partnership with local arts, community and political organisations in six English cities, we will train people in the arts of speechwriting and speechmaking and develop models for such training that outlast the life of the project. In addition, through partnership with the European Speechwriter Network (a professional association for speechwriters working in a range of public and private governmental, financial and charitable organisations) the project team and Dash Arts will engage practitioners in direct dialogue that will contribute to their practice, and to their writing of political speeches which engage and involve citizens.

We will promote wider public discussion and reflection on political speech and rhetoric through a 'Festival of Political Speech'. The culmination of the project, this will combine panel talks, forum theatre, conversations, workshops and performances. It will bring together members of the public, journalists, educators, politicians and national advocates of oracy. It will also showcase the skills of the diverse individuals who will have learned rhetoric/speechmaking at the city-based workshops.

We will also stimulate public discussion and reflection through documenting all of these activities, producing and disseminating an original podcast series following participants' journeys as they began, developed and delivered their speeches. We will promote public understanding through wider media outreach, in particular local media in the areas where the workshops are staged. At its close the project will have helped develop a body of theatrical work that can be further refined and staged, as well as models for community and popular education in an art crucial for the survival of our democracy.

Publications

10 25 50
 
Title Our Public House (Speech! Speech!) 4-part podcast series 
Description 4-part podcast series Our Public House showcases the Speech! Speech! project and its journey from speechwriting workshops to public events and on to the forthcoming major theatre production Our Public House. 
Type Of Art Performance (Music, Dance, Drama, etc) 
Year Produced 2023 
Impact Increased attention to the project and the project premise that speechwriting training empowers anybody to prepare and deliver persuasive and powerful speech about topics that matter for society. 
URL https://www.dasharts.org.uk/our-public-house
 
Title Speak Out! video 
Description 10-minute video showcasing the Speech! Speech! project with clips from the speechwriting workshops and 3 public events, including interviews with project group members, workshop participants, collaborators and audiences at the public events. 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2024 
Impact Increased attention to the project and the project premise that speechwriting training empowers anybody to prepare and deliver persuasive and powerful speech about topics that matter for society. 
URL https://www.dasharts.org.uk/our-public-house
 
Description The overall achievement was the project's promotion of rhetorical citizenship among a wide and diverse set of community groups across England. Through a unique partnership between academics with expertise in rhetoric and a theatre company with experience of forum theatre, we increased the impact of academic research by developing it creatively and sharing it with a diverse set of public and professional communities. This was achieved through:
1) The development of models for training people in writing and delivering powerful political speeches that enhance rhetorical citizenship.
2) The development of individuals' capacities for employing the arts of speechmaking and speechwriting, helping community organisers in developing their communities' capacity for good, democratic, public political engagement.
3) The development of theatrical practices and a body of original experimental performance work through which participants and audiences explored voice, embodiment and the experience of political rhetoric and argument. This is currently leading to legacy work with further impact potential, including a new theatre production and further speechwriting workshops with communities, charities and other political speech stakeholders across the country.
4) A set of 10 workshops, 3 public events, 4 podcasts and other documentation of activities which promoted wider knowledge and understanding of political rhetoric and facilitated the public's and practitioners' critical reflection on its role - good and bad - in our fragmented and fractious political culture (thus contributing to the enhancement of rhetorical citizenship).
Exploitation Route Post-Project futures include Dash Arts' use of the project findings as a body of work and research to feed directly into future productions, including a major theatre production entitled Our Public House. Workshop participants have gained speechwriting and -delivery skills which they can take forward in their own practice as well as teach others to do. PI and Co-I have, together with Dash Arts, developed and tested models for training, which will be shared and used after the project (through an Open Access project report and future workshops delivered by the project team). Most significantly we have promoted the idea and the ideal of rhetorical citizenship to political communities that anyone can learn from and implement.
Sectors Communities and Social Services/Policy

Creative Economy

Government

Democracy and Justice

Culture

Heritage

Museums and Collections

URL https://www.dasharts.org.uk/our-public-house
 
Description The funded project is due to finish on 31 March 2024 (potentially extended), and our project partner Dash Arts is going to use the project findings in developing a new major theatre production. Therefore much impact is yet to come. Nevertheless, the project has already had impact through its 1) development of models for training people in writing and delivering powerful political speeches that enhance rather than corrupt rhetorical citizenship; 2) development of material for future theatre work by project partner Dash Arts (including theatre production Our Public House); 3) promotion of findings to academic and practitioner audiences at 3 public events in Manchester and London. The project has also cemented our existing links with Dash Arts and European Speechwriters Network and developed new connections with community groups, charities, drama professionals, and stakeholders involved in advocating for the arts of public speech. We plan to use these emerging connections to develop impact activities with benefit to society at various levels (please see 'Key findings', the section on the ways in which the research can be taken forward). Moreover, the project has led to a string of invitations to speak about, comment on and address aspects of public speech, including at Manchester (Aviva Studios) and with third-sector groups in London; please see the list of 'Engagement activities'. Apart from the project events, these activities were invitations directly arising from the public profile of our project. Finally, our partnership has assisted Dash Arts in gaining funding from The Arts Council and from The National Theatre for the development of subsequent artistic work.
First Year Of Impact 2023
Sector Communities and Social Services/Policy,Creative Economy,Education
Impact Types Cultural

Societal

 
Description Cambridge History of Rhetoric volume 1: Rhetoric of the Ancient World (to c.350 CE) 
Organisation Rice University
Country United States 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution As a direct result of the networking activities of the project, Principal Investigator van der Blom was invited by leading rhetoric researchers (Professor Rita Copeland in the Middle Ages and Professor Peter Mack in the early modern period) to act as co-editor of volume 1 of the forthcoming landmark 5-volume Cambridge History of Rhetoric, covering all rhetoric from 3500 BC to today. Van der Blom is responsible for all Latin/Roman rhetoric and oratory in the volume and collaborates closely with Professor Harvey Yunis (Rice University) who is responsible for all Greek rhetoric and oratory in the volume. The Crisis of Rhetoric project put van der Blom in the spotlight as a candidate for this co-editorship.
Collaborator Contribution Professor Yunis and van der Blom have together commissioned 28 contributors to the volume, entered into detailed discussions of the direction of the volume and the necessary chapters, and will co-author the Introduction and a final chapter, single-author each a chapter, as well as co-edit all the contributions.
Impact Multi-disciplinary, planned publication in 2022.
Start Year 2017
 
Description A talk or presentation - Presentation to GCSE students at King Edward VI Schools (Birmingham) on ancient and modern rhetoric, 2023. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact 90 Year 8 Latin students attended the talk delivered by Henriette van der Blom on the topic of ancient and modern rhetoric. There were references to ancient rhetorical rules, ancient orators and modern orators, the latter ranging from Martin Luther King to Donald Trump and President Zelensky of Ukraine.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description History Hit podcast on Cicero 
Form Of Engagement Activity A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact A 40 minute podcast on the Roman orator and statesman Cicero, comprising of a discussion between interviewer Tristan Hughes and expert Henriette van der Blom. It was recorded on 2 November 2023 and broadcast on 17 January 2024. Broadcast figures are not yet available but given social media mention, it will have reached an international audience of 500+.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
URL https://open.spotify.com/episode/3CdmAod10lyn66OAZJeTHr?si=5yRfmXHqTLmPiX17aDKYWA&nd=1&dlsi=de676235...
 
Description Presentation on Cicero and the late Roman Republic to A-level students, March 2023 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact 15 A-level students in Latin and two teachers visited University of Birmingham for an A-level conference on Classics and Ancient History. Henriette van der Blom delivered a talk about the Roman orator and statesman Cicero, his contemporary (and orator) Julius Caesar and political speech in this period. The students were very engaged and considered applying to Birmingham to study Classics or Ancient History.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description Speak Out! public event, HOME theatre Manchester (21 November 2023) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Public event at HOME theatre Manchester to showcase the Speech! Speech! project, speechwriting and -delivery, and a selection of speechwriting workshop participant speeches, delivered by the participants themselves. The event comprised of an expert panel with 2 members of the Speech! Speech! project team and two experts (professional speechwriter, academic specialised in ancient Greek rhetoric), speeches delivered by 4 workshop participants, speeches delivered by professional actors, and a question & answer session.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
URL https://www.dasharts.org.uk/our-public-house
 
Description Speak Out! public event, HOME theatre Manchester (22 November 2023) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Public event at HOME theatre Manchester to showcase the Speech! Speech! project, speechwriting and -delivery, and a selection of speechwriting workshop participant speeches, delivered by the participants themselves. The event comprised of an expert panel with 2 members of the Speech! Speech! project team and two social activists (from the deaf community and from a children's charity, both in Manchester), speeches delivered by 4 workshop participants, speeches delivered by professional actors, and a question & answer session.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
URL https://www.dasharts.org.uk/our-public-house
 
Description Speak Out! public event, The Tabernacle, London (23 November 2023) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Public event at The Tabernacle, London to showcase the Speech! Speech! project, speechwriting and -delivery, and a selection of speechwriting workshop participant speeches, delivered by the participants themselves. The event comprised of an expert panel with 2 members of the Speech! Speech! project team, a professional speechwriter and a social activist, speeches delivered by 7 workshop participants, speeches delivered by professional actors, and a question & answer session.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
URL https://www.dasharts.org.uk/our-public-house
 
Description Speech to European Speechwriter Network 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact A speech on rhetorical citizenship - explaining the Speech! Speech! project and some of its outcomes - to an event organised by the European Speechwriters Network (18/11/2023)
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description Speechwriting Workshop, Banbury and Bicester College (5 October 2023) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact 30 Theatre Studies students at Banbury and Bicester College (https://banbury.activatelearning.ac.uk/) participated in a speechwriting workshop put on by the Speech! Speech! project (5 October 2023). All students were studying for Further Education certificate (including A-levels), and many experienced mental health issues, poverty, special educational needs and other forms of social disadvantage. All participants put together a political speech on a topic of their choice, and delivered the speech at the end of the workshop.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
URL https://www.dasharts.org.uk/our-public-house
 
Description Speechwriting Workshop, Brighton (Citizens UK Brighton and Hove) 29 August 2023 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Undergraduate students
Results and Impact 10-15 members of Citizens UK Brighton and Hove (https://www.citizensuk.org/chapters/brighton-hove/) participated in a speechwriting workshop put on by the Speech! Speech! project (29 August 2023). Members had either themselves experienced or worked with community members who experienced poverty, mental health issues, political disengagement, social violence, forms of discrimination and other forms of social disadvantage. All participants put together a political speech on a topic of their choice, and delivered the speech at the end of the workshop.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
URL https://www.dasharts.org.uk/our-public-house
 
Description Speechwriting Workshop, Coventry 3 May 2023 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact 10-15 members of the Underground Light Community Theatre group (https://undergroundlights.org/) participated in a speechwriting workshop put on by the Speech! Speech! project (3 May 2023). Members had experienced mental health issues, homelessness and other forms of social disadvantage. All participants put together a political speech on a topic of their choice, and delivered the speech at the end of the workshop.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
URL https://www.dasharts.org.uk/our-public-house
 
Description Speechwriting Workshop, HMP Styal (28 June 2023) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact 20 students of the prison education Novus' (https://www.novus.ac.uk/) English programme at HMP Styal (women's prison in Manchester) participated in a speechwriting workshop put on by the Speech! Speech! project (28 June 2023). Members had experienced mental health issues, domestic abuse, alcohol and drug abuse, disability, homelessness, lack of educational support and other forms of social disadvantage. All participants put together a political speech on a topic of their choice, and delivered the speech at the end of the workshop.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
URL https://www.dasharts.org.uk/our-public-house
 
Description Speechwriting Workshop, Manchester Deaf Centre (14 September 2023) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Members of the Manchester Deaf Centre (https://www.manchesterdeafcentre.com/), some travelling from as far as Birmingham, participated in a speechwriting workshop put on by the Speech! Speech! project (14 September 2023). Members had experienced educational, social, financial and other disadvantages owing to their disability. Some had experienced fleeing their country of birth because of persecution. All participants put together a political speech on a topic of their choice, and delivered the speech at the end of the workshop. The workshop was supported by BSL sign-language interpreters.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
URL https://www.dasharts.org.uk/our-public-house
 
Description Speechwriting Workshop, Mile Cross Estate, Norwich (14 October 2023) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact 10-15 members of The Common Lot theatre community group (https://thecommonlot.org/) participated in a speechwriting workshop put on by the Speech! Speech! project (14 October 2023). Members had experience of working with locals on the Mile Cross Estate, who have experienced a number of social disadvantages. All participants put together a political speech on a topic of their choice, and delivered the speech at the end of the workshop.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
URL https://www.dasharts.org.uk/our-public-house
 
Description Speechwriting Workshop, Redruth, Cornwall (Writers' Block) 20 July 2023 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact 11-15 members of the Writers' Block Community Group in Redruth, Cornwall (https://thewritersblock.org.uk/) participated in a speechwriting workshop put on by the Speech! Speech! project (20 July 2023). Members ranged from teenagers to older people, from a range of social and educational backgrounds, but all had an interest in expressing themselves creatively. All participants put together a political speech on a topic of their choice, and delivered the speech at the end of the workshop.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
URL https://www.dasharts.org.uk/our-public-house
 
Description Speechwriting Workshop, St Hilda's Communty Centre, East London (18 May 2023) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact 10-15 members of the St Hilda's Community Centre's women's group (https://sthildas.org.uk/) participated in a speechwriting workshop put on by the Speech! Speech! project (18 May 2023). Members had experienced social deprivation, racism and other forms of social disadvantage. All participants put together a political speech on a topic of their choice, and delivered the speech at the end of the workshop.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
URL https://www.dasharts.org.uk/our-public-house
 
Description Speechwriting Workshop, Stratford East Theatre (London), 30 September 2023 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact 10-15 young people (16-25 years old) with a connection to Stratford East Theatre (London: https://www.stratfordeast.com/) participated in a speechwriting workshop put on by the Speech! Speech! project (30 September 2023). Members were interested in a career in theatre, but were otherwise very diverse: some experienced disability, racism, special educational needs, and other forms of social disadvantage. All participants put together a political speech on a topic of their choice, and delivered the speech at the end of the workshop.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
URL https://www.dasharts.org.uk/our-public-house
 
Description Speechwriting Workshops, Sheffield (11 and 18 September 2023) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact 10-15 members of the Sheffield Men's Group (supported by Sheffield Theatres' charity work: https://www.sheffieldtheatres.co.uk/) participated in a speechwriting workshop put on by the Speech! Speech! project (11 and 18 September 2023). Members had experienced mental health issues, homelessness, violence, alcohol and drug abuse, poverty and other forms of social disadvantage. All participants put together a political speech on a topic of their choice, and delivered the speech at the end of the workshop.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
URL https://www.dasharts.org.uk/our-public-house
 
Description Training Workshop for a think tank 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Third sector organisations
Results and Impact A one-day workshop for staff of the political think tank Compass.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
 
Description Workshop at an Arts Festival (THE FÊTE OF BRITAIN at The Aviva Studios Manchester) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact The Fete of Britain was a four-day arts/culture festival of democracy. We delivered a workshop - based on those developed for the project - to 8 participants who then immediately delivered the speeches to an audience of at least 100 (to great applause).
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
URL https://factoryinternational.org/whats-on/speak-out-a-political-speechmaking-workshop/