Improving the duration of immunity for FMD vaccines

Lead Research Organisation: The Pirbright Institute
Department Name: Livestock Viral Diseases

Abstract

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cattle, pigs, sheep and goats. Currently chemically inactivated, oil adjuvanted FMD vaccines are a critical element in FMD control. Although these vaccines are effective in pigs and ruminants, protective immunity is short-lived (3 months).The need for repeated vaccination significantly constrains vaccine-based control programmes. More appropriate vaccine strains that induce broader protection, together with identification of novel adjuvants that help to stimulate a greater duration of immunity would make a significant contribution to FMD control. In a BBSRC/DFID funded grant we have identified a vaccine strain that provided broader protection and a novel adjuvant that enhanced immunity. The newly formulated vaccine protected all vaccinated animals upon live virus challenge. Therefore we are interested to investigate further whether this new vaccine formulation could achieve longer duration immunity.
 
Description The main key finding is that the duration of immunity could be increased up to 6 months by addition of TLR III adjuvants to the existing oil adjuvanted vaccine. We conducted screening of 8 adjuvants with FMD vaccine in cattle and analyse the samples originated from the experiments. 4 selected adjuvants were tested in cattle at the Pirbright Institute and TLR III adjuvant was found as the best one. Under Follow on grant 12 cattle were vaccinated with existing vaccine with oil adjuvant and 12 cattle were vaccinated with oil and TLR III adjuvants. The protective immununity was assessed from the virus neutralizing antibody status. By 6 months post-vaccination only 17% of cattle were having protective antibodies (1:45 dilution) in conventional vaccine group whereas 80% cattle were having protective neutralizing titer (1:45) in TLR adjuvanted group. Therefore it is clear that adding TLR adjuvant one can increase the duration of immunity up to 6 months. Further analysing the sample it is clear that addition of TLR III agonist increased CD8+ responses in vaccinated cattle.This information has been communicated to policy makers and Industries (vaccine producers).
Exploitation Route Through meetings, conferences and talks we have communicated to National Governments/policy makers and vaccine producers that addition of TLR adjuvant can increase the duration of immunity up to 6 months. This information has been communicated to policy makers and Industries (vaccine producers). Some of the FMD vaccine producers are keen on this and several discussion were made.
Sectors Agriculture

Food and Drink

Education

Government

Democracy and Justice

Manufacturing

including Industrial Biotechology

 
Description Conducted screening of 8 adjuvants with FMD vaccine in cattle and analyse the samples originated from the experiments. 4 selected adjuvants were tested in cattle at the Pirbright Institute and TLR III adjuvant was found as the best one. Under Follow on grant 12 cattle were vaccinated with existing vaccine with oil adjuvant and 12 cattle were vaccinated with oil and TLR III adjuvants. The protective immununity was assessed from the virus neutralizing antibody status. By 6 months post-vaccination only 17% of cattle were having protective antibodies (1:45 dilution) in conventional vaccine group whereas 80% cattle were having protective neutralizing titer (1:45) in TLR adjuvanted group. Therefore it is clear that adding TLR adjuvant one can increase the duration of immunity up to 6 months. This information has been communicated to policy makers and Industries (vaccine producers) including the partners, Indian Immunologicals and Biovet Bangalore. Several discussion have been made with vaccine producers in India.
First Year Of Impact 2018
Sector Agriculture, Food and Drink,Education,Government, Democracy and Justice,Manufacturing, including Industrial Biotechology
Impact Types Policy & public services

 
Description An effective vaccination programme for the eradication of foot-and-mouth disease from India
Amount £673,500 (GBP)
Funding ID BB/L004828/1 
Organisation Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 11/2014 
End 02/2018
 
Title Appropriate FMD vaccine strains for East Africa and South East Asia and new adjuvants for FMD vaccines that provide longer duration immunity 
Description We have identifies appropriate Vaccine strains for Serotyoe O and A for East Africa and for South east Asia which are published now. Additionally we have identified potent and safe adjuvants which has been tested in cattle and provides longer duration immunity. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2014 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Governments of East Africa and Regional OIE centre at South East Asia and vaccine producers are aware about the strains and adjuvants. 
 
Title Benifit of addition of TLR III to existing FMD vaccine 
Description We have demonstrated that TLR III adjuvants along with existing oil adjuvants provides longer duration immunity. 
Type Of Material Technology assay or reagent 
Year Produced 2018 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact This will fulfill the lacuna of short living immunity of FMD inactivated vaccines 
 
Description Adjuvants study-FMD vaccine at Indian Immunologicals 
Organisation Indian Immunologicals Ltd
Country India 
Sector Private 
PI Contribution Conducted screening of 8 adjuvants with FMD vaccine in cattle and analyse the samples originated from the experiments. 4 selected adjuvants were tested in cattle at the Pirbright Institute and TLR III adjuvant was found as the best one. Under Follow on grant 12 cattle were vaccinated with existing vaccine with oil adjuvant and 12 cattle were vaccinated with oil and TLR III adjuvants. The protective immununity was assessed from the virus neutralizing antibody status. By 6 months post-vaccination only 17% of cattle were having protective antibodies (1:45 dilution) in conventional vaccine group whereas 80% cattle were having protective neutralizing titer (1:45) in TLR adjuvanted group. Therefore it is clear that adding TLR adjuvant one can increase the duration of immunity up to 6 months.
Collaborator Contribution Facilitate the animal experiments at their High containment
Impact Conducted screening of 8 adjuvants with FMD vaccine in cattle and analyse the samples originated from the experiments. 4 selected adjuvants were tested in cattle at the Pirbright Institute and TLR III adjuvant was found as the best one. Under Follow on grant 12 cattle were vaccinated with existing vaccine with oil adjuvant and 12 cattle were vaccinated with oil and TLR III adjuvants. The protective immununity was assessed from the virus neutralizing antibody status. By 6 months post-vaccination only 17% of cattle were having protective antibodies (1:45 dilution) in conventional vaccine group whereas 80% cattle were having protective neutralizing titer (1:45) in TLR adjuvanted group. Therefore it is clear that adding TLR adjuvant one can increase the duration of immunity up to 6 months.
Start Year 2016
 
Description Close collaboratiron has been initiated with Bharat Biotech, Hyderabad and Biovet, Bangalore 
Organisation Bharat Biotech International
Country India 
Sector Private 
PI Contribution Bharat Biotech through Biovet has recently negociating with the Institute to have the DIVA vaccines for commercialisation
Collaborator Contribution Bharat Biotech through Biovet has recently negociating with the Institute to have the DIVA vaccines for commercialisation
Impact Multidisciplinary
Start Year 2019
 
Description NIAB, Hyderabad 
Organisation National Institute of Animal Biotechnology
Country India 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution DIVA vaccine and DIVA tests
Collaborator Contribution SNP study for disease resistance
Impact Development of DIVA vaccine and DIVA tests for PPR
Start Year 2014
 
Title TLR II adjuvant can stimulate longer duration of immunity for FMD vaccine. 
Description We have shown that TLR II adjuvant when added to the conventional vaccine, it stimulate longer duration immunity, at least up to 6 months. 
IP Reference  
Protection Protection not required
Year Protection Granted 2016
Licensed No
Impact Provision of longer duration immunity up to 6 months will help in biannual vaccination control policy. When vaccine provides less than 6 months immunity in biannual vaccination programme, there is always a window for infection.
 
Description Delivered a lead talk at Indian Association of Vetrinary Microbiology and Immunology ( IAVMI) at IVRI, Bareilly on PPR and FMD control by vaccination- February 6-7th, 2020 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Delivered a lead talk at Indian Association of Vetrinary Microbiology and Immunology ( IAVMI) at IVRI, Bareilly on PPR and FMD control by vaccination- February 6-7th, 2020. Further attended the panel meeting with FMD vaccine producers and FMD scientists at PDFMD and IVRI Bangalore to recommend Govt of India for the future control of FMD. Suggested boosting of the first dose FMDV vaccinated animals which will stimulate the immunity up to the second biannual vaccination to avoid any window for infection.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
 
Description Delivered a lead talk on FMD vaccine and chaired a scientific session at Indian Veterinary Association at New Delhi ( 25.7.19-28.07.19) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Delivered a lead talk on FMD vaccine and chaired a scientific session at Indian Veterinary Association at New Delhi ( 25.7.19-28.07.19).
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://www.indianveterinaryassociation.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/...
 
Description Invited lead talk at Indian Association of Veterinary Anatomists (IAVA), Orissa university of agriculture and Technology, 2017 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Study participants or study members
Results and Impact A talk has been delivered on new generation FMD and PPR vaccines
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description Invited talk on Efficacy FMD vaccine using TLR adjuvants at NVRQS, South Korea 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Satya Parida was invited to deliver a talk on FMD vaccine using TLR adjuvants. Since 2010 South Korea is facing FMD outbreak and preparing themselves to prepare their own FMD Vaccine. As we have identified TLR 3 is a good adjuvant for stimulating humoral and cell-mediated response I received sparked questions and discussion afterwards. Recently I have received queries for providing details about the adjuvants so that they can include this adjuvant to their vaccine.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
 
Description Invited talk on new generation FMD vaccines at NIAB faculty 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Study participants or study members
Results and Impact Delivered an invited talk on new generation FMD vaccines to inform the collaborator how TLR III adjuvant lingers the duration of immunity. The talk initiated sparking questions after the talk.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description Joined as a FAO expert at Chiang Mai, Thailand for PPR and FMD control in SAARC region and delivered two invited talks- 16.06.19-23.06.19 
Form Of Engagement Activity A magazine, newsletter or online publication
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact Joined as a FAO expert at Chiang Mai, Thailand for PPR and FMD control in SAARC region and delivered two invited talks on FMD and PPR Global situations- 16.06.19-23.06.19
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Lead talk on current FMD vaccines and future perspectives at Eorpe Science congress, Budapest 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Industry/Business
Results and Impact Described the efficacy of existing FMD vaccines in cattle, sheep and goats and future perspectives. This sparked questions and discussions.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
 
Description Oral presentation at EUFMD meeting, Burgo, Italy on Longer duration of Immunity of FMD vaccine 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Industry/Business
Results and Impact Talk on duration immunity for FMD vaccine and how it can be double by adding a TLR3 adjuvant to the correct vaccine formulation. This sparked questions and discussion afterwards. vaccine industries were keen on this.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
 
Description Poster presentation at EUFMD meeting at Burgo by the senior postc of the PI group on epitope prediction of serotype O FMD virus 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Industry/Business
Results and Impact In this presentation we have shown 3 new epitopes of the FMD virus. An manuscript has been submitted for publication on this.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
 
Description Workshop on improved FMD vaccine at Institute Biologique, SaoPaulo 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact PI delivered talk on FMD vaccine using new generation adjuvants
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017