Improving the duration of immunity for FMD vaccines
Lead Research Organisation:
The Pirbright Institute
Department Name: Livestock Viral Diseases
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cattle, pigs, sheep and goats. Currently chemically inactivated, oil adjuvanted FMD vaccines are a critical element in FMD control. Although these vaccines are effective in pigs and ruminants, protective immunity is short-lived (3 months).The need for repeated vaccination significantly constrains vaccine-based control programmes. More appropriate vaccine strains that induce broader protection, together with identification of novel adjuvants that help to stimulate a greater duration of immunity would make a significant contribution to FMD control. In a BBSRC/DFID funded grant we have identified a vaccine strain that provided broader protection and a novel adjuvant that enhanced immunity. The newly formulated vaccine protected all vaccinated animals upon live virus challenge. Therefore we are interested to investigate further whether this new vaccine formulation could achieve longer duration immunity.
Organisations
Publications
Casey-Bryars M
(2018)
Waves of endemic foot-and-mouth disease in eastern Africa suggest feasibility of proactive vaccination approaches.
in Nature ecology & evolution
Lloyd-Jones K
(2017)
Genetic and antigenic characterization of serotype O FMD viruses from East Africa for the selection of suitable vaccine strain.
in Vaccine
Mahapatra M
(2019)
Identification of novel epitopes in serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus by in vitro immune selection.
in The Journal of general virology
Mahapatra M
(2018)
Foot and mouth disease vaccine strain selection: current approaches and future perspectives.
in Expert review of vaccines
Upadhyaya S
(2021)
Molecular Basis of Antigenic Drift in Serotype O Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses (2013-2018) from Southeast Asia.
in Viruses
| Description | The main key finding is that the duration of immunity could be increased up to 6 months by addition of TLR III adjuvants to the existing oil adjuvanted vaccine. We conducted screening of 8 adjuvants with FMD vaccine in cattle and analyse the samples originated from the experiments. 4 selected adjuvants were tested in cattle at the Pirbright Institute and TLR III adjuvant was found as the best one. Under Follow on grant 12 cattle were vaccinated with existing vaccine with oil adjuvant and 12 cattle were vaccinated with oil and TLR III adjuvants. The protective immununity was assessed from the virus neutralizing antibody status. By 6 months post-vaccination only 17% of cattle were having protective antibodies (1:45 dilution) in conventional vaccine group whereas 80% cattle were having protective neutralizing titer (1:45) in TLR adjuvanted group. Therefore it is clear that adding TLR adjuvant one can increase the duration of immunity up to 6 months. Further analysing the sample it is clear that addition of TLR III agonist increased CD8+ responses in vaccinated cattle.This information has been communicated to policy makers and Industries (vaccine producers). |
| Exploitation Route | Through meetings, conferences and talks we have communicated to National Governments/policy makers and vaccine producers that addition of TLR adjuvant can increase the duration of immunity up to 6 months. This information has been communicated to policy makers and Industries (vaccine producers). Some of the FMD vaccine producers are keen on this and several discussion were made. |
| Sectors | Agriculture Food and Drink Education Government Democracy and Justice Manufacturing including Industrial Biotechology |
| Description | Conducted screening of 8 adjuvants with FMD vaccine in cattle and analyse the samples originated from the experiments. 4 selected adjuvants were tested in cattle at the Pirbright Institute and TLR III adjuvant was found as the best one. Under Follow on grant 12 cattle were vaccinated with existing vaccine with oil adjuvant and 12 cattle were vaccinated with oil and TLR III adjuvants. The protective immununity was assessed from the virus neutralizing antibody status. By 6 months post-vaccination only 17% of cattle were having protective antibodies (1:45 dilution) in conventional vaccine group whereas 80% cattle were having protective neutralizing titer (1:45) in TLR adjuvanted group. Therefore it is clear that adding TLR adjuvant one can increase the duration of immunity up to 6 months. This information has been communicated to policy makers and Industries (vaccine producers) including the partners, Indian Immunologicals and Biovet Bangalore. Several discussion have been made with vaccine producers in India. |
| First Year Of Impact | 2018 |
| Sector | Agriculture, Food and Drink,Education,Government, Democracy and Justice,Manufacturing, including Industrial Biotechology |
| Impact Types | Policy & public services |
| Description | An effective vaccination programme for the eradication of foot-and-mouth disease from India |
| Amount | £673,500 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | BB/L004828/1 |
| Organisation | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 11/2014 |
| End | 02/2018 |
| Title | Appropriate FMD vaccine strains for East Africa and South East Asia and new adjuvants for FMD vaccines that provide longer duration immunity |
| Description | We have identifies appropriate Vaccine strains for Serotyoe O and A for East Africa and for South east Asia which are published now. Additionally we have identified potent and safe adjuvants which has been tested in cattle and provides longer duration immunity. |
| Type Of Material | Improvements to research infrastructure |
| Year Produced | 2014 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Governments of East Africa and Regional OIE centre at South East Asia and vaccine producers are aware about the strains and adjuvants. |
| Title | Benifit of addition of TLR III to existing FMD vaccine |
| Description | We have demonstrated that TLR III adjuvants along with existing oil adjuvants provides longer duration immunity. |
| Type Of Material | Technology assay or reagent |
| Year Produced | 2018 |
| Provided To Others? | No |
| Impact | This will fulfill the lacuna of short living immunity of FMD inactivated vaccines |
| Description | Adjuvants study-FMD vaccine at Indian Immunologicals |
| Organisation | Indian Immunologicals Ltd |
| Country | India |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Conducted screening of 8 adjuvants with FMD vaccine in cattle and analyse the samples originated from the experiments. 4 selected adjuvants were tested in cattle at the Pirbright Institute and TLR III adjuvant was found as the best one. Under Follow on grant 12 cattle were vaccinated with existing vaccine with oil adjuvant and 12 cattle were vaccinated with oil and TLR III adjuvants. The protective immununity was assessed from the virus neutralizing antibody status. By 6 months post-vaccination only 17% of cattle were having protective antibodies (1:45 dilution) in conventional vaccine group whereas 80% cattle were having protective neutralizing titer (1:45) in TLR adjuvanted group. Therefore it is clear that adding TLR adjuvant one can increase the duration of immunity up to 6 months. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Facilitate the animal experiments at their High containment |
| Impact | Conducted screening of 8 adjuvants with FMD vaccine in cattle and analyse the samples originated from the experiments. 4 selected adjuvants were tested in cattle at the Pirbright Institute and TLR III adjuvant was found as the best one. Under Follow on grant 12 cattle were vaccinated with existing vaccine with oil adjuvant and 12 cattle were vaccinated with oil and TLR III adjuvants. The protective immununity was assessed from the virus neutralizing antibody status. By 6 months post-vaccination only 17% of cattle were having protective antibodies (1:45 dilution) in conventional vaccine group whereas 80% cattle were having protective neutralizing titer (1:45) in TLR adjuvanted group. Therefore it is clear that adding TLR adjuvant one can increase the duration of immunity up to 6 months. |
| Start Year | 2016 |
| Description | Close collaboratiron has been initiated with Bharat Biotech, Hyderabad and Biovet, Bangalore |
| Organisation | Bharat Biotech International |
| Country | India |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Bharat Biotech through Biovet has recently negociating with the Institute to have the DIVA vaccines for commercialisation |
| Collaborator Contribution | Bharat Biotech through Biovet has recently negociating with the Institute to have the DIVA vaccines for commercialisation |
| Impact | Multidisciplinary |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | NIAB, Hyderabad |
| Organisation | National Institute of Animal Biotechnology |
| Country | India |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | DIVA vaccine and DIVA tests |
| Collaborator Contribution | SNP study for disease resistance |
| Impact | Development of DIVA vaccine and DIVA tests for PPR |
| Start Year | 2014 |
| Title | TLR II adjuvant can stimulate longer duration of immunity for FMD vaccine. |
| Description | We have shown that TLR II adjuvant when added to the conventional vaccine, it stimulate longer duration immunity, at least up to 6 months. |
| IP Reference | |
| Protection | Protection not required |
| Year Protection Granted | 2016 |
| Licensed | No |
| Impact | Provision of longer duration immunity up to 6 months will help in biannual vaccination control policy. When vaccine provides less than 6 months immunity in biannual vaccination programme, there is always a window for infection. |
| Description | Delivered a lead talk at Indian Association of Vetrinary Microbiology and Immunology ( IAVMI) at IVRI, Bareilly on PPR and FMD control by vaccination- February 6-7th, 2020 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Delivered a lead talk at Indian Association of Vetrinary Microbiology and Immunology ( IAVMI) at IVRI, Bareilly on PPR and FMD control by vaccination- February 6-7th, 2020. Further attended the panel meeting with FMD vaccine producers and FMD scientists at PDFMD and IVRI Bangalore to recommend Govt of India for the future control of FMD. Suggested boosting of the first dose FMDV vaccinated animals which will stimulate the immunity up to the second biannual vaccination to avoid any window for infection. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Delivered a lead talk on FMD vaccine and chaired a scientific session at Indian Veterinary Association at New Delhi ( 25.7.19-28.07.19) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Delivered a lead talk on FMD vaccine and chaired a scientific session at Indian Veterinary Association at New Delhi ( 25.7.19-28.07.19). |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| URL | https://www.indianveterinaryassociation.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/... |
| Description | Invited lead talk at Indian Association of Veterinary Anatomists (IAVA), Orissa university of agriculture and Technology, 2017 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
| Results and Impact | A talk has been delivered on new generation FMD and PPR vaccines |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | Invited talk on Efficacy FMD vaccine using TLR adjuvants at NVRQS, South Korea |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Satya Parida was invited to deliver a talk on FMD vaccine using TLR adjuvants. Since 2010 South Korea is facing FMD outbreak and preparing themselves to prepare their own FMD Vaccine. As we have identified TLR 3 is a good adjuvant for stimulating humoral and cell-mediated response I received sparked questions and discussion afterwards. Recently I have received queries for providing details about the adjuvants so that they can include this adjuvant to their vaccine. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | Invited talk on new generation FMD vaccines at NIAB faculty |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
| Results and Impact | Delivered an invited talk on new generation FMD vaccines to inform the collaborator how TLR III adjuvant lingers the duration of immunity. The talk initiated sparking questions after the talk. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | Joined as a FAO expert at Chiang Mai, Thailand for PPR and FMD control in SAARC region and delivered two invited talks- 16.06.19-23.06.19 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | Joined as a FAO expert at Chiang Mai, Thailand for PPR and FMD control in SAARC region and delivered two invited talks on FMD and PPR Global situations- 16.06.19-23.06.19 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Lead talk on current FMD vaccines and future perspectives at Eorpe Science congress, Budapest |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | Described the efficacy of existing FMD vaccines in cattle, sheep and goats and future perspectives. This sparked questions and discussions. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Oral presentation at EUFMD meeting, Burgo, Italy on Longer duration of Immunity of FMD vaccine |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | Talk on duration immunity for FMD vaccine and how it can be double by adding a TLR3 adjuvant to the correct vaccine formulation. This sparked questions and discussion afterwards. vaccine industries were keen on this. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Poster presentation at EUFMD meeting at Burgo by the senior postc of the PI group on epitope prediction of serotype O FMD virus |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | In this presentation we have shown 3 new epitopes of the FMD virus. An manuscript has been submitted for publication on this. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Workshop on improved FMD vaccine at Institute Biologique, SaoPaulo |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | PI delivered talk on FMD vaccine using new generation adjuvants |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |