SUSTAIN Manufacturing Hub
Lead Research Organisation:
Swansea University
Department Name: School of Engineering
Abstract
SUSTAIN is an ambitious collaborative research project led by the National Steel Innovation Centre at Swansea University to transform the productivity, product diversity and environmental performance of the steel supply chain in the UK. Working with Warwick Manufacturing Group and the University of Sheffield, the SUSTAIN Manufacturing Hub will lead grand challenge research projects of carbon neutral steel and ironmaking and smart steel processing. Carbon neutral steel making will explore how we can transition the industry from using coal as its primary energy source to a mix of waste materials, renewable energy and hydrogen. Smart steel processing will examine how digital technology and sensors can be used to increase productivity and also explore how a transformation in the way in which steel is processed can add significant value and create new markets, in particular construction, whilst expanding the opportunities afforded by advanced steel products in the electrification of vehicular transport. The UK steel businesses cover different market sectors and are all engaged in this project committing >£13M in supporting funds. Tata Steel lead work on strip steel products used in automotive (inc electrical steels for generators and motors construction) and packaging applications. British Steel produce long products for key sectors such as rail transport and construction. Liberty Specialty produce unique steels for sectors such as aerospace and nuclear power, Sheffield Forgemasters manufacture products for power generation, defence and civil nuclear industries, and Celsa make section steels and reinforcement primarily for construction. This represents a key element of advanced materials that underpin a large proportion of the UK manufacturing sector. The increasing diversity and lower carbon intensity of UK made steel products together with greater productivity and efficiency will thus benefit the whole of UK manufacturing and create opportunities for manufacturing to make inroads into traditional areas for example by driving offsite manufactured construction alternatives to traditional low skill labour intensive routes. Steel is the world's most used and recyclable advanced material and this project aims to transform the way it is made. This includes approaches both to use and re-use it and harness opportunities to turn any waste product into a value added element for another industry. To illustrate, a steel plant produces enough waste heat to power around 300,000 homes. New materials can trap this heat allowing it to be transported to homes and offices and be used when required without the need for pipes. This then makes the manufacturing site an embedded component of the community and is clearly a model applicable to any other high energy manufacturing operation in other sectors. We will at each stage explore how our discoveries in transforming steel can be mapped onto other key foundation materials sectors such as glass, petrochemicals and cement. Implementation of the research findings will be facilitated via SUSTAIN's network of innovation spokes ensuring that high quality research translates to highly profitable and competitive processes.
Planned Impact
Industrial Impact: The six principal steel companies in the UK are aligned to support and implement the outputs of this ambitious programme and have committed almost £8M in support covering staff secondments, funded research positions, PhD and academic sponsorship and trial costs. It is also endorsed by the pan industry Steel Council. The effect on the wider manufacturing base of reducing the carbon intensity of steel production has massive value as do new steel products and processes that support key sectors requiring transformation including electrification of transport and manufactured buildings. We believe this will seed transformative growth in the UK manufacturing base as a whole and the grand challenge themes not only support steel but other foundation materials supply chains (glass, petrochemicals and cement) making the application of the research have truly global potential. These impacts will be realised via a structured approach to innovation that draws on transformative research in the hub and from the wider international academic community. SUSTAIN has a clear strategy for accelerating these impacts via the innovation hubs with SPECIFIC, WMG HVM Catapult and the Henry Royce Centre facilitating pan-supply chain innovation and the Materials Processing Institute upscaling novel processes. This will ensure sustainability for the industry, de-risking the processes by identifying technical pitfalls and future markets whilst bridging the valley of death.
Environmental Impact: The steel industry in the UK is a substantial energy consumer and producer of carbon dioxide. The ambition of SUSTAIN is to create an opportunity of radically reducing carbon emissions from production. With the traditional iron ore to steel route leading to around 2 tonnes of carbon dioxide released per tonne of steel, the opportunities for substantial carbon savings from the industry are clear since the projected demand for steel in the UK by 2020 is forecast to increase to 11Mt/y. This will represent a significant UK opportunity which, if successful, can be used globally in both developed and emerging economies allowing economic growth and global carbon emissions to be decoupled.
Economic Impact: The steel manufacturing sector supports 31,400 high skilled jobs in the UK. The ambition of this project is to create new opportunities that will allow the sector to grow to 35,000. The establishment of the NSIC at Swansea and the associated automotive focused hub at WMG has created 90 jobs in Tata alone within a newly re-invigorated R and D function and an additional 700 technical apprentices have been appointed within the sector in the last year. The recent Grant Thornton report into the future of the sector has identified potential to grow the GVA of the steel industry from £1.2bn to £2.4bn. This will require detailed research and training to be delivered by the UK HEI sector and SUSTAIN is the nucleation point for starting this ambitious delivery plan.
Environmental Impact: The steel industry in the UK is a substantial energy consumer and producer of carbon dioxide. The ambition of SUSTAIN is to create an opportunity of radically reducing carbon emissions from production. With the traditional iron ore to steel route leading to around 2 tonnes of carbon dioxide released per tonne of steel, the opportunities for substantial carbon savings from the industry are clear since the projected demand for steel in the UK by 2020 is forecast to increase to 11Mt/y. This will represent a significant UK opportunity which, if successful, can be used globally in both developed and emerging economies allowing economic growth and global carbon emissions to be decoupled.
Economic Impact: The steel manufacturing sector supports 31,400 high skilled jobs in the UK. The ambition of this project is to create new opportunities that will allow the sector to grow to 35,000. The establishment of the NSIC at Swansea and the associated automotive focused hub at WMG has created 90 jobs in Tata alone within a newly re-invigorated R and D function and an additional 700 technical apprentices have been appointed within the sector in the last year. The recent Grant Thornton report into the future of the sector has identified potential to grow the GVA of the steel industry from £1.2bn to £2.4bn. This will require detailed research and training to be delivered by the UK HEI sector and SUSTAIN is the nucleation point for starting this ambitious delivery plan.
Organisations
- Swansea University, United Kingdom (Lead Research Organisation)
- Science and Technologies Facilities Council (STFC) (Collaboration)
- ESTEC, Netherlands (Collaboration)
- South Dakota School of Mines & Technolog (Collaboration)
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) (Collaboration)
- Aluminium Federation Ltd (Collaboration)
- ADS Group Limited, United Kingdom (Project Partner)
- British Steel Ltd (Project Partner)
- Welsh Government, United Kingdom (Project Partner)
- Celsa Steel UK, United Kingdom (Project Partner)
- Henry Royce Institute (Project Partner)
- Manufacturing Technology Centre, United Kingdom (Project Partner)
- Knowledge Transfer Network (Project Partner)
- Kubal Wraith (Project Partner)
- UK Steel (Project Partner)
- Sheffield Forgemasters Engineering Ltd, United Kingdom (Project Partner)
- British Constructional Steelwork Assoc (Project Partner)
- Tata Steel UK, United Kingdom (Project Partner)
- High Value Manufacturing (HVM) Catapult (Project Partner)
- Construction Products Association, London, United Kingdom (Project Partner)
- Primetals Technologies (Project Partner)
- SPECIFIC (Innovation and Knowledge Ctr), United Kingdom (Project Partner)
- Liberty Speciality Steels (Project Partner)
- Subcoal International BV (Project Partner)
Publications

Al-Moftah A
(2021)
Thermal Decomposition Kinetic Study of Non-Recyclable Paper and Plastic Waste by Thermogravimetric Analysis
in ChemEngineering

Beden S
(2021)
SCRO: A Domain Ontology for Describing Steel Cold Rolling Processes towards Industry 4.0
in Information

Cao Q
(2022)
KSPMI: A Knowledge-based System for Predictive Maintenance in Industry 4.0
in Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing

Cao Q
(2022)
A core reference ontology for steelmaking process knowledge modelling and information management
in Computers in Industry

Dowson GRM
(2021)
Reactive capture using metal looping: the effect of oxygen.
in Faraday discussions

Gong P
(2022)
Hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms in advanced high strength steel
in Acta Materialia

Gong P
(2020)
Effect of ageing on the microstructural evolution in a new design of maraging steels with carbon
in Acta Materialia

Guo Q
(2021)
Why Does Nitriding of Grain-Oriented Silicon Steel Become Slower at Higher Temperature?
in steel research international

Hamdy L
(2021)
The application of amine-based materials for carbon capture and utilisation: an overarching view
in Materials Advances
Description | SUSTAIN continues to build upon its network across academia and the steel manufacturing communities both nationally and internationally with new collaborations regularly under discussion. Industrial engagement beyond the core partners continues to go well and there have been new engagements with crucial companies in the supply chain including European Metals Recycling and digital service providers such as NChain. Several engagement events have been held to further promote collaboration over the last year including outreach to schools and colleges (e.g. Discover Materials etc), which is starting to be hybrid with a return to in-person events. The introduction of running the annual SUSTAIN conference on-line has been highly successful and has increased audience reach globally enabling easier engagement of internationally leading speakers. The event had over 300 delegates with over 400 document downloads and received high feedback scores. A second ECR call has just concluded with four awards being made and candidates across institutions are due to start in the next few months. An industrial secondment exercise has been particularly successful with that task (T0) highlighting the expertise available in industry that can be accessed by academia and providing valuable information to guide the next phase of the hub. Finally, the hub has invested significant effort in the last year on the development of skills platforms that will support the future steel industry. We have partnered with the European Steel Skills Agenda programme and their affiliates to both inform the UK industry of skills trends and enabled the roll-out of an online training platform that could support continuing professional development of the workforce as technologies change. Ensuring a just transition to a net zero industry. |
Exploitation Route | Grant applications to leverage funds across the core partners continue to be submitted across a variety of funding platforms with good levels of success (e.g. the Materials Made Smarter Centre in collaboration with the LiME, Composites and MAPP hubs), some of the outcomes of which are recorded elsewhere on this document and some are pending decisions by the funding bodies. A significant number of these proposals are in support of innovation activities to deliver impact via InnovateUK. Measures are in place to spot future calls for the most suitable partnerships to apply and increase our current track record of building new multidisciplinary teams from multiple institutions across the UK. |
Sectors | Aerospace, Defence and Marine,Communities and Social Services/Policy,Construction,Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software),Education,Electronics,Energy,Environment,Government, Democracy and Justice,Manufacturing, including Industrial Biotechology,Transport |
Description | The SUSTAIN Hub is a unique network of partners across the community of industrialists, academics, trade bodies and RTOs that sit in the Advanced Materials Supply Chain and who have a vested interest in the UK. The network provides funding for small feasibility studies up to £50k (from a £1m pot), with opportunities to follow up awards for longer term and more highly resourced projects. To date, three such studies have been commissioned with another call due in May 2022. SUSTAIN also provides mentoring and collaborative opportunities for early career academics within the UK Steel fraternity, access to innovative SMEs and wider funding opportunities within the UK framework. To date, there have been two ECR calls with seven awards won. Steel is a key enabler of modern living standards and transportation, however the nearly 2Bn tonne global demand for this ubiquitous material generates huge amounts of greenhouse gases. Managing the embodied energy in materials is key to the future of the UK's decarbonisation strategy. Hence, sustainable, energy efficient produced steel is an important decarbonisation tool when complemented by an emphasis on steel's value in use, prioritising where possible maintenance and life extension over recycling. Through SUSTAIN, the main UK Steel Producers are regularly meeting to discuss how 2050 targets to make carbon neutral iron and steelmaking and resource-efficient UK steel supply chains can be met through combined sector effort. Attendance at the Iron and Steel Board, UK Steel R&D Committee, Government Roundtables and regularly feeding information into Welsh and UK Government Parliamentary Committees ensures that SUSTAIN is starting to influence the future direction of de-carbonising the steel industry in the UK. |
First Year Of Impact | 2019 |
Sector | Aerospace, Defence and Marine,Communities and Social Services/Policy,Construction,Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software),Education,Electronics,Energy,Environment,Government, Democracy and Justice,Manufacturing, including Industrial Biotechology,Security and Diplomacy,Transport |
Impact Types | Societal,Economic,Policy & public services |
Description | Advised (by invitation) on the development of a consultation on national security for BEIS and HMT |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Participation in a national consultation |
URL | https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/9353... |
Description | Contributed to SQW (Economic development and social development research and consultancy | SQW) who are contracted by InnovateUK on skills |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Participation in a national consultation |
URL | https://www.sqw.co.uk/ |
Description | CarbonVue - integrated carbon and productivity end-to-end supply chain management |
Amount | £1,327,337 (GBP) |
Funding ID | 88865 |
Organisation | Innovate UK |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 03/2021 |
End | 11/2022 |
Description | Centre for Circular Economy > "Circular Metals" (EP/V011804/1) |
Amount | £4,437,440 (GBP) |
Funding ID | EP/V011804/1 |
Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 01/2021 |
End | 12/2024 |
Description | Domestic Scrap Steel Recycling - Economic, Environmental and Social Opportunities BEIS/DEFRA |
Amount | £39,964 (GBP) |
Funding ID | EV0490 |
Organisation | Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 09/2020 |
End | 03/2021 |
Description | Electromagnetic Sensor Implementation |
Amount | £72,136 (GBP) |
Organisation | High Value Manufacturing Catapult |
Sector | Private |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 11/2020 |
End | 03/2021 |
Description | Interdisciplinary Centre for Circular Chemical Economy (EP/V011863/1) |
Amount | £4,436,401 (GBP) |
Funding ID | EP/V011863/1 |
Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 01/2021 |
End | 12/2024 |
Description | Practice and theory in the design of martensitic steels |
Amount | £446,772 (GBP) |
Funding ID | EP/V001809/1 |
Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 03/2021 |
End | 02/2024 |
Description | Transforming the Foundation Industries Network+ (EP/V026402/1) |
Amount | £2,002,051 (GBP) |
Funding ID | EP/V026402/1 |
Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 01/2021 |
End | 12/2023 |
Description | ALFED (Aluminium Federation) |
Organisation | Aluminium Federation Ltd |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Private |
PI Contribution | industry and knowledge share for AI and Circularity projects. |
Collaborator Contribution | industry and knowledge share for AI and Circularity projects. |
Impact | too early to report |
Start Year | 2021 |
Description | ESSA |
Organisation | ESA - ESTEC |
Country | Netherlands |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | ESTEP ESSA project: As part of its values and We have forged a partnership with engaging with skills vehicles in the UK and Europe. This is so that we can feed into future skills trends as new technologies are developed through the relevant projects. |
Collaborator Contribution | It has created a platform for new partnerships to be built with the directors of ESSA (ESTEP - European Steel Skills Agenda (ESSA) - Steel focus) where SUSTAIN is now an associate member and SPIRE SEIS (SPIRE-SAIS: Skills Alliance for Industrial Symbiosis (SAIS) - A Cross-sectoral Blueprint for a Sustainable Process Industry (SPIRE) - Sozialforschungsstelle - TU Dortmund (tu-dortmund.de) - energy intensive industries). |
Impact | Future outputs will enable SUSTAIN to feed into future skills trends as new technologies are developed through the relevant projects. SUSTAIN is now an associate member of ESSA |
Start Year | 2020 |
Description | Future Composites Manufacturing Research Hub |
Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
Department | Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Composites |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Process modelling > inter-manufacturing hub consortium between SUSTAIN, MAPP, Composites and LiME hubs, the STFC and on process modelling development. Output > Submission of "Materials Made Smarter" proposal to recent Made Smarter Hubs Call. |
Collaborator Contribution | Process modelling > inter-manufacturing hub consortium between SUSTAIN, MAPP, Composites and LiME hubs, the STFC and on process modelling development. Output > Submission of "Materials Made Smarter" proposal to recent Made Smarter Hubs Call. |
Impact | Output would be a successful application to "Materials Made Smarter" in the recent Made Smarter Hubs Call. |
Start Year | 2020 |
Description | Research Visit by Dr Brett Carlson from South Dakota School of Mines |
Organisation | South Dakota School of Mines and Technology |
Country | United States |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | access to equipment and facilities to conduct experiments relevant to research |
Collaborator Contribution | experiments relevant to research of SUSTAIN |
Impact | ongoing collaboration |
Start Year | 2021 |
Description | STFC |
Organisation | Science and Technologies Facilities Council (STFC) |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | Process modelling > inter-manufacturing hub consortium between SUSTAIN, MAPP, Composites and LiME hubs, the STFC and on process modelling development. Output > Submission of "Materials Made Smarter" proposal to recent Made Smarter Hubs Call. |
Collaborator Contribution | Process modelling > inter-manufacturing hub consortium between SUSTAIN, MAPP, Composites and LiME hubs, the STFC and on process modelling development. Output > Submission of "Materials Made Smarter" proposal to recent Made Smarter Hubs Call. |
Impact | Output: successful application to the "Materials Made Smarter" proposal to recent Made Smarter Hubs Call. |
Start Year | 2020 |
Description | Keynote Lecture: International Student Conference in Metallic Materials |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Undergraduate students |
Results and Impact | Professor Cameron Pleydell-Pearce Keynote: International Student Conference in Metallic Materials 13-17.July 2020 |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | ATF Professional article - SS |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Stephen wrote an article for ATF Professional titled "Automotive recycling - can we stop downcycling our materials?" |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | http://atfpro.co.uk/automotive-recycling-can-we-stop-downcycling-our-materials |
Description | Article in The Engineer |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | New steel manufacturing method could lower emissions - an article in The Engineer following a paper in Nature by Professor Mark Rainforth detailing a new method of making lightweight, high strength steel. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://www.theengineer.co.uk/new-steel-manufacturing-method-could-lower-emissions/ |
Description | BBC Great Coastal Railway Journeys |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | On-camera interview, filming and participation via a tour of facilities (Active Building and Steel focus) in the latest (broadcast Feb 2022) Great Coastal Railway Journeys series for the BBC. The outcome is increased enquiries for advice on Active Buildings, steel products and industrial de-carbonisation. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/m0014t9k/great-coastal-railway-journeys-series-1-23-port-talbo... |
Description | British Science Week 2021 | Circular Economy - BW |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | Becky gave a 20 minute introductory talk on the principles of circular economy for Discover Materials during British Science Week event. There were 25 live viewers and 40 views of the recording. Viewers knowledge of sustainability and the principles of circular economy increased following the talk. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://youtu.be/HG4teybr8nc |
Description | Carbon Dioxide Utilisation: Faraday Discussion - PS, GD & WT |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | 7-9th April Chair Prof. Peter Styring, presentations Dr George Dowson (08.04.21) Reactive capture using metal looping: the effect of oxygen Dr Waqas Hassan Tanveer (09.04.21). Waqas also presented a poster at this event. There were lots of questions and good discussions following the talks. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://www.rsc.org/events/detail/40002/carbon-dioxide-utilisation-faraday-discussion |
Description | Careers video |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | Recorded 2 minute video on Materials Science and Engineering for a virtual school careers fair (https://swanseauniversity-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/r_k_waldram_swansea_ac_uk/EWcpm61wbupFnZMi3fkiGBkBxHh4_VKRiy9Oc2CnAK88NA?e=UoddI1) |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | https://swanseauniversity-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/r_k_waldram_swansea_ac_uk/EWcpm61wbupFnZM... |
Description | Delivering Net Zero - "A steely solution" - Press article by Dr Richard Curry |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Dr Richard Curry essay In Bright Blue - Delivering Net Zero (pg 144 in attached PDF) - "A steely solution" http://brightblue.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Final-Delivering-net-zero.pdf page 144 |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | http://brightblue.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Final-Delivering-net-zero.pdf |
Description | Dr Becky Waldram: Blog on SUSTAIN for Swansea Science Festival |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Dr Becky Waldram: Blog for Swansea Science Festival 2021 |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://www.sustainsteel.ac.uk/blog/2021/swansea-science-festival-2021 |
Description | Dr Richard Thackray Presented at the Warwick Manufacturing Group Colloquium |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Presented at the Warwick Manufacturing Group Colloquium - Dr Richard Thackray is a Lecturer in Steelmaking at the University of Sheffield. In this presentation he gives an overview of recent, current and future steel research in Sheffield, including examples of new steels for automotive applications, advances in thermomechanical processing, improving the quality of continuously cast steel products, and plans for sustainable steel production. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Dr Yukun Hu gave a talk at The Transforming Foundation Industries Network+ online workshop, 8 Feb 2022 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Dr Yukun Hu gave a talk at The Transforming Foundation Industries Network+ online workshop, 8 Feb 2022, titled 'Next generation and intelligent heating processes for the foundation industries' |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | European Electric Steelmaking conference 2021 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | European Electric Steelmaking conference 2021, SUSTAIN hosted booth in exhibitor hall and ran conference workshop, helped by Peter Holliman & Eurig Jones. Richard Thackray chaired a session. Z. Li, W. Zhang, J. Duan, R. Hall, S. Spooner, T. Ibn-Mohanmmed, C. Davis and J. Godsell: Research and Development to enable the conversion of low quality scrap into high quality steel in the UK. Presentation in EEC 2021 conference (12th European Electric Steelmaking Conference), Sheffield, UK. 13~15/09/2021. (Hybrid conference) |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://www.iom3.org/events-awards/events-archive/12th-european-electric-steelmaking-conference.html |
Description | Expert Interview by Dr Becky Waldram for Discover Materials |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | As part of our Discover Materials this Winter 2021 Becky Waldram (Swansea University) discusses the world of Materials Science with our panel of experts and finds out why they love the subject and why they chose a career in it. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://youtu.be/tY9CpEYBLMI?list=PLWP1l7PByRYunwl4MfmZloHy5ciT9zl9M |
Description | Expert Interview by Dr Becky Waldram for Discover Materials |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | As part of our Discover Materials this Winter 2021 Becky Waldram (Swansea University) discusses the world of Materials Science with our panel of experts and finds out why they love the subject and why they chose a career in it. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://youtu.be/tY9CpEYBLMI?list=PLWP1l7PByRYunwl4MfmZloHy5ciT9zl9M |
Description | Frank Zhou talk at 16th International Workshop on One- and Two-Dimensional Magnetic Measurement and Testing |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | 29-30th September Frank Zhou talk: Electromagnetic Sensors for In-Situ Monitoring of Steel Microstructure During Annealing and Tempering |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://2dm2021.com/ |
Description | ICCDU 2021 - 18th International Conference on Carbon Dioxide Utilization |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | ICCDU (International Conference on Carbon Dioxide Utilisation) 2021, hosted by KAIST Daejeon South Korea Speakers: Peter Styring: Transport Fuels from CO2: Avoiding a Social Underclass in a Just Energy Transition George Dowson: Decarbonising UK Steel Production: Pressure Swing CO2 Capture and Fuel Synthesis Challenges |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Interview for Fortune Magazine (International Press) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Press article: Fortune - From concrete to steel, how construction makes up the 'last mile' of decarbonization https://fortune.com/2021/02/16/concrete-steel-construction-design-climate/ |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://fortune.com/2021/02/16/concrete-steel-construction-design-climate/ |
Description | Interview: Zero Carbon Tour Interview | Dr Waqas Hassan Tanveer from Sustain |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Dr Waqas Hassan Tanveer from Sustain captured as part of Planet Mark's Zero Carbon Tour. Discover more here: www.zerocarbontour.com |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grVB1QyMwWQ |
Description | Joint Webinar with Liberty Steel for the Future Steel Forum 2020 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Joint webinar with Liberty Steel for the Future Steel Forum (event date 1st July) |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | Keynote Lecture: Dr Zushu Li at 2021 China Symposium on Sustainable Iron- and Steelmaking Technology |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | Z. Li: Research and development for decarbonisation of the UK steel industry (Keynotes). CSST 2021 (2021 China Symposium on Sustainable Iron- and Steelmaking Technology). 14-16/12/2021. Changsha, China. (Hybrid Conference) |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://csst2021.scimeeting.cn/en/web/index/10982_ |
Description | Materials Research Exchange (MRE) 2020 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Attendance and participation in the MRE 2020 Event organised by the KTN in London. The intended purpose was to demonstrate critical mass in Materials led research at Swansea University. Bringing together all similarly related projects at Swansea under one umbrella. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | https://www.swansea.ac.uk/engineering/materials-at-swansea/ |
Description | Materials Research Exchange (MRE) 2020 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | https://www.swansea.ac.uk/engineering/materials-at-swansea/ Attendance and participation in the MRE 2020 Event organised by the KTN in London. The intended purpose was to demonstrate critical mass in Materials led research at Swansea University. Bringing together all similarly related projects at Swansea under one umbrella. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | https://ktn-uk.co.uk/events/live-materials-research-exchange-2020 |
Description | Northern Energy Transition Conference 2021 "Carbon Neutrality in Steelmaking" - RC |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | lecture given by Dr Richard Curry as part of the two-day Northern Energy Transition Conference in April 2021, jointly held by the Durham Energy Institute (Durham University) and the North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers (NEIMME).In this lecture Richard gives an overview of the SUSTAIN Steel project, the importance of steel to the UK economy, the options available to decarbonise UK steel production and what the steel plant of the future might look like. Also on expert panel. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://youtu.be/YpPOo_DUVKU?list=PLWP1l7PByRYunwl4MfmZloHy5ciT9zl9M |
Description | Presentation about SUSTAIN to MP Stephen Kinnock to feed into Cross Party Parliamentary Committee |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Stephen Kinnock meeting - intro presentation to SUSTAIN/NCMRI/greater Dave W portfolio and feed into All-Party Parliamentary Group for Steel |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Presentation to MakeUK by Dr Richard Curry |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Dr Richard Curry - June Assistance/presentation to MakeUK re future Steel prices and potential for meetings with SUSTAIN members |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Presentation to UKAEA (Nuclear project consortium) by Prof Cameron Pleydell-Pearce and Dr Richard Curry |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Presentation to UKAEA (Nuclear project consortium) by Professor Cameron Pleydell-Pearce and Dr Richard Curry about collaborating with SUSTAIN partners |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Promotional Video made by Welsh Government for International Women's Day 2022 - Dr Becky Waldram was featured |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Dr Becky Waldram featured in Welsh Government social media video for International Day of Women and Girls in Science 2022 talking about SUSTAIN: https://twitter.com/WelshGovernment/status/1492076054722355223 https://www.linkedin.com/posts/welsh-government_stem-idwgs-womeninscience-activity-6897796360503201792-5W2A https://fb.watch/bb7Yot6AJc/ so far the above links have attracted over 14000 views |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://www.linkedin.com/posts/welsh-government_stem-idwgs-womeninscience-activity-68977963605032017... |
Description | Public Lecture by Dr Richard Curry for the North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers in Newcastle |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Dr Richard Curry gave a Public lecture for North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers in Newcastle |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o5o4V_a6AM0&t=345s |
Description | Quarterly review for EM sensors - CD |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Quarterly review for EM sensors held on 20th May with University of Manchester, attendees from Tata Steel, Liberty Steel, British Steel and Primetals Technology Limited |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | REPORT by the Energy and Climate Intelligence Unit (ECIU) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Professor Cameron Pleydell-Pearce was invited to contribute to a report by the Energy and Climate Intelligence Unit (ECIU) which was subsequently picked up by the Chemical Engineer and distributed wider. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://www.thechemicalengineer.com/news/report-says-uk-falling-behind-eu-in-clean-steel-development... |
Description | SMEA lecture "The SUSTAIN Project - From Nothing to Now" CPP |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Cameron virtually presented an evening lecture to the SMEA (Sheffield Metallurgical and Engineering Association) on the instigation of and the future activities of The SUSTAIN project. There was interest from the audience in finding out more about the SUSTAIN Hub and opportunities for involvement. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://youtu.be/T2Qy3us_sRk?list=PLWP1l7PByRYunwl4MfmZloHy5ciT9zl9M |
Description | SUSTAIN Inaugural Engagement Event |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Formally launching the SUSTAIN project and presenting work and work plans for the project tasks. Providing a workshop platform for industrialists and academics currently involved with the project to meet and collaborate with industrialists, academics, focus groups etc who are not yet involved directly with SUSTAIN or steelmaking but could make huge contribution in terms of chemistry/physics/bioscience etc with respect to emissions/energy/circular economy. The scope for the SUSTAIN proof of concept proposals were also developed in these sessions. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | https://www.swansea.ac.uk/press-office/news-events/news/2020/02/smarter-cleaner-greener-steel.php |
Description | SUSTAIN Leveraging Funds session |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | 35 people attended a session for all academics from SUSTAIN, invited academics from other institutions and SUSTAIN PDRA's which encouraged people to capture and share information for the purpose of leveraging further funding into the SUSTAIN community. The aim of the session was for people to showcase how they have previously been able to leverage within the programme and to use their own examples to encourage junior academics and PDRA's to follow suit. There are already several examples of new projects that have spun out of SUSTAIN or are leveraging SUSTAIN funding. Attendees were interested in the various ways fund have been leveraged and have been in contact with the presenters following this event. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | SWMA lecture "Driving the Circular Economy with Steel" PJH |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Peter delivered a virtual evening lecture to the SWMA (South Wales Mining Association) on Driving the Circular Economy with Steel. The audience were interested to hear and understand more about how steel can be a key material to developing a circular economy. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Sustainability in Steel | SUSTAIN Bi-Annual Conference 2021 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | SUSTAIN's FREE virtual conference, taking place on 1st & 2nd December, aims to raise awareness of the ongoing work in the Hub; how the research is supporting the steel industry and its supply chains in the UK, and to share best practice. The event will comprise of talks related to the five SUSTAIN themes from both internal and external experts, accompanied by interactive workshop sessions. SUSTAIN conference highlights: • Talks from experts across the five SUSTAIN themes • Interactive workshops • Online chat with experts from academia and industry • Access to Virtual exhibitor booths • Downloadable resources Over 300 people registered to attend the event, with around 200 who attended on the two live days. The audience rated the content of the conference 8/10 and gave the event an average rating of 4.3/5. 47 companies were represented at the event, with particpants attending from 10 different countries. From our post event survey, it was found, that of those who made new connnections, 80% said they were likely to go on to collaborate with thier new connections. The event has led to a significant increase in traffic to the SUSTAIN website. Many of the talks form the conference have now been published on YouTube, attracting over 350 combined views in the first week after publishing. 13 Hub members presented/chaired/spoke on panels during this event |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://sustainsteel.vfairs.com/ |
Description | Swansea Engineering "A Call for Engineers" |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Undergraduate students |
Results and Impact | Short article on SUSTAIN for potential undergraduate students (https://online.flippingbook.com/view/572041/16-17/) |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | https://online.flippingbook.com/view/572041/16-17/ |
Description | Swansea Science Festival |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | 8 minute video on 'A World of Metal' for the 2020 virtual Swansea Science Festival. Look at finding metal objects in the home and identifying what metal they could be made from |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | https://youtu.be/Z8wGgB5X3H4 |
Description | Talk at 1st FERIA Conference, the European Conference on Fuel and Energy Research and Its Applications |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Dr Eurig Jones gave a talk to the 1st FERIA Conference, the European Conference on Fuel and Energy Research and Its Applications |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://cathyhillevents.co.uk/feria/index.html |
Description | Talk given by Dr Zakiah Suhaimi on a webinar for WMG |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Zakiah Suhaimi presented at Supply Chain Productivity: Moving from Theory to Practice webinar at WMG |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/wmg/research/scip/networking/supplychainproductivity/ |
Description | Talk given by Qiushi Cao to Strasbourg University, France |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Qiushi Cao gave an online talk at Strasbourg University, France: ''Knowledge graph and blockchain for the digitalisation of the UK steelmaking industry'' |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Talk: Zushu Li to AIST Australia and New Zealand |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | "Li, Zushu (2021) Challenges and opportunities for steel scrap utilisation in the UK. In: 3rd AIST Australia and New Zealand Steelmaking Symposium, Australia (Virtual), 03 Nov 2021 The Australia Member Chapter hosted their 3rd Annual Australian and New Zealand Steel Symposium virtually on Wednesday, 3 November 2021. The symposium brought together academic researchers and engineers to discuss recent advances in iron- and steelmaking technology. Seventeen leading researchers and practitioners gave presentations on recent advances in the field and answered questions for the audience of 91 attendees. " |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://www.aist.org/local-member-chapters/find-a-chapter/australia-chapter/past-events/ |
Description | Talks given to School Children by Dr Becky Waldram at Techiquest, Cardiff |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | Dr Becky Waldram gave two 15 minute online talks for Techniquest as part of International Day of Women and Girls in Science 2022. Ages 11-17 |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Video for Get up to Speed event |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | 10 minute video for Get up to Speed (Work-wise) event on Materials Science and Engineering and the types of roles which are needed for the steel industry now and in the future (https://swanseauniversity-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/r_k_waldram_swansea_ac_uk/EfRPl8Ua9H5OvQUq7M7qkvMBdwmoQ5hXEZWZSGIdIDgGjg?e=g2kxA4) |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://swanseauniversity-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/r_k_waldram_swansea_ac_uk/EfRPl8Ua9H5OvQU... |
Description | Video for Techniquest British Science Week |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | 10 minute video for Techniquest on Materials and microscopy for British Science Week (https://swanseauniversity-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/r_k_waldram_swansea_ac_uk/EZ0jpp6jR8dFnUUa7sYW9d8BvdLi0vwU5hcJJa6-Gglhkg?e=VkUinm) |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://swanseauniversity-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/r_k_waldram_swansea_ac_uk/EZ0jpp6jR8dFnUU... |
Description | WES Lottie Doll Tour |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Series of Tweets on steel and materials in everyday life (e.g. https://twitter.com/BeckyWaldram/status/1323192852424306696) aimed at encouraging girls to consider STEM study |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | https://twitter.com/BeckyWaldram/status/1323192852424306696 |
Description | Warwick Manufacturing Group Steel group colloquium lecture "Reduction of greenhouse emissions due to ironmaking" JS |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Julian delivered a virtual invited Lecture in 2021 - University of Warwick, Warwick Manufacturing Group Steel group colloquium on the "opportunities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the ironmaking process". The lecture was well attended live and has received over 450 views on YouTube. There has been increased interest in Julian's work and the audience developed a greater understanding of this work |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://youtu.be/15ZUfG92ngE |
Description | Webinar on supporting a greener UK steel industry |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | This Webinar 'Green Steel: the role of scrap' will provide a great opportunity to hear some of the research findings, but also to share views with the wider community for shaping future relevant research and thinking to support a greener UK steel industry. Speakers: Dr Zushu Li, Dr Richard Thackray, Dr Frances Zhang, Dr Russ Hall, Prof Claire Davis, Frank Schrama Registration: 119 from 39 organisations Attendance: 89 from 38 organisations |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO0SVhmjJ08 |
Description | Webinar presentation "Steeling for a sustainable future: How could the UK steel industry compete through the supply chain?" JG |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Jan presented at 'Steeling for a sustainable future: How could the UK steel industry compete through the supply chain?' webinar 06.05.2021. There was a good discussion with the audince following the talk |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/wmg/research/scip/eventspage/futureviabilitywebinar/ |
Description | invited participant at the UKRI Town Hall meeting - Manufacturing the Future utilising the Uks Large Facilities, London |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | invited participant at the UKRI Town Hall meeting - Manufacturing the Future utilising the Uks Large Facilities, London. Fed into UK Treasury |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | invited speaker at the IoM3: cross cutting technologies Programme - 150th year celebration, Sheffield |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | invited to speak at the IoM3: cross cutting technologies Programme - 150th year celebration, Sheffield on the theme of Active Buildings and the wider supply chain (steel component) |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | online talk at Shandong Normal University, China by Qiushi Cao |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | QC gave an online talk at Shandong Normal University, China: ''From AI to Industry 4.0: a hybrid predictive maintenance approach based on knowledge graph and machine learning'' |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |