Harnessing vibration-induced enhancement of transport in functional materials with soft structural dynamics
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Cambridge
Department Name: Physics
Abstract
In inorganic semiconductors, such as silicon, the interaction of electronic excitations with lattice vibrations is an undesirable perturbation; it limits charge carrier mobilities and mediates non-radiative recombination. In low-dimensional functional materials with non-covalent bonding the structural dynamics is not a mere perturbation, it moves centre-stage: Some vibrational modes are very soft and strongly anharmonic so that electronic processes occur in a strongly fluctuating structural landscape. The traditional view is that the resulting strong electron-vibrational coupling is also detrimental: In organic semiconductors (OSCs), for example, electronic charges and neutral electron-hole pairs (excitons) are localized by a 'cloud' of lattice deformations, which causes charge mobilities and exciton diffusion lengths to be undesirably small, thus limiting performance of optoelectronic devices. We have recently discovered systems in which this traditional paradigm does not hold, but in which the structural dynamics is highly beneficial and mediates surprisingly fast, long-range excitation transport. This runs completely against models developed for traditional semiconductors such as silicon, for which phonons limit electronic transport. The mechanism involves vibrational modes coupling localized states near the band edges to highly delocalised states within the bands that can then transport charges and energy over unprecedentedly long length scales. This unique transient delocalization regime, in which excitations are effectively able to "surf on the waves" of structural lattice distortions, is not found in silicon and was first discovered in OSCs. Our goal is to explore similar physics in other functional materials with soft structural dynamics, such as hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite (HOIP) semiconductors, 2D conjugated covalent/metal organic frameworks (COFs/MOFs) and inorganic ceramics and ion conductors.
VISION AND AMBITION: In the proposed programme we aim to pursue this vibration-enhanced transport (VET) regime as a general paradigm for achieving fast and long-range electronic charge, ion and energy transport in a broad class of organic and inorganic, functional materials with soft structural dynamics. We will (i) develop new experimental/theoretical methodologies to achieve a deep fundamental understanding of the underpinning mechanisms for the vibration-enhanced transport, including identification and molecular engineering of the most effective vibrational modes mediating it, (ii) design new self-assembled functional materials in which transport length scales exceeding micrometers are achievable and (iii) exploit such long length scales to enable new device architectures and transformational device performance improvements in a broad range of (bio)electronic, optoelectronic, energy storage and photocatalytic applications.
VISION AND AMBITION: In the proposed programme we aim to pursue this vibration-enhanced transport (VET) regime as a general paradigm for achieving fast and long-range electronic charge, ion and energy transport in a broad class of organic and inorganic, functional materials with soft structural dynamics. We will (i) develop new experimental/theoretical methodologies to achieve a deep fundamental understanding of the underpinning mechanisms for the vibration-enhanced transport, including identification and molecular engineering of the most effective vibrational modes mediating it, (ii) design new self-assembled functional materials in which transport length scales exceeding micrometers are achievable and (iii) exploit such long length scales to enable new device architectures and transformational device performance improvements in a broad range of (bio)electronic, optoelectronic, energy storage and photocatalytic applications.
Organisations
- University of Cambridge (Lead Research Organisation)
- Cambridge Display Technology Ltd (CDT) (Project Partner)
- University of Mons (Project Partner)
- GSK (Project Partner)
- University of Victoria (Project Partner)
- Johnson Matthey (Project Partner)
- UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON (Project Partner)
- Andor Technology Ltd (Project Partner)
Publications
Aitchison C
(2024)
Organic Photovoltaic Materials for Solar Fuel Applications: A Perfect Match?
in Chemistry of Materials
Aitchison CM
(2024)
Templated 2D Polymer Heterojunctions for Improved Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production.
in Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
Aitchison CM
(2024)
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction by topologically matched polymer-polymer heterojunction nanosheets.
in Faraday discussions
Alsufyani M
(2024)
The Effect of Organic Semiconductor Electron Affinity on Preventing Parasitic Oxidation Reactions Limiting Performance of n-Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors.
in Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
Ashoka A
(2022)
Direct observation of ultrafast singlet exciton fission in three dimensions
in Nature Communications
Ashoka A
(2025)
Magnetically and optically active edges in phosphorene nanoribbons.
in Nature
Banks P
(2023)
Untangling the Fundamental Electronic Origins of Non-Local Electron-Phonon Coupling in Organic Semiconductors
in Advanced Functional Materials
| Description | We have discovered a new methodology for enhancing the charge transport and thermoelectric properties of organic mixed ionic electronic conductors (Nature Materials 23, 1712 (2024)). The method involves controlling the shape of the density of electronic states at the Fermi level by exploiting non-equilibrium effects in the electron-ion coupling and gives rise to simultaneous enhancements of electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient. |
| Exploitation Route | The approach could potentially be used in practical bioelectronic and thermoelectric materials, if implemented in bulk materials and in a way that allows the non-equilibrium effects to persist above room temperature. |
| Sectors | Electronics Energy Healthcare |
| URL | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41563-024-01965-2 |
| Description | House of Lords Committee - 2023 |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
| Description | Intellectual Contribution |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
| Description | Invited talk at the Centre for Science and Policy (CSaP), Cambridge, UK |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Impact | The talk and discussion contributed to a better understanding of the opportunities and challenges associated with the development of advanced materials for the energy transition. |
| URL | https://www.csap.cam.ac.uk/network/policy-fellowship/1326-647e22e882cabf877d9457b1f6c54a5fd23fc0de/ |
| Title | CCDC 2305967: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
| Description | Related Article: Petri Murto, Biwen Li, Yao Fu, Lucy E. Walker, Laura Brown, Andrew D. Bond, Weixuan Zeng, Rituparno Chowdhury, Hwan-Hee Cho, Craig P. Yu, Clare P. Grey, Richard H. Friend, Hugo Bronstein|2024|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|||doi:10.1021/jacs.4c00292 |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc2hdk1j&sid=DataCite |
| Title | CCDC 2305968: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
| Description | Related Article: Petri Murto, Biwen Li, Yao Fu, Lucy E. Walker, Laura Brown, Andrew D. Bond, Weixuan Zeng, Rituparno Chowdhury, Hwan-Hee Cho, Craig P. Yu, Clare P. Grey, Richard H. Friend, Hugo Bronstein|2024|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|||doi:10.1021/jacs.4c00292 |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc2hdk2k&sid=DataCite |
| Title | CCDC 2305969: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
| Description | Related Article: Petri Murto, Biwen Li, Yao Fu, Lucy E. Walker, Laura Brown, Andrew D. Bond, Weixuan Zeng, Rituparno Chowdhury, Hwan-Hee Cho, Craig P. Yu, Clare P. Grey, Richard H. Friend, Hugo Bronstein|2024|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|||doi:10.1021/jacs.4c00292 |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc2hdk3l&sid=DataCite |
| Title | CCDC 2305970: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
| Description | Related Article: Petri Murto, Biwen Li, Yao Fu, Lucy E. Walker, Laura Brown, Andrew D. Bond, Weixuan Zeng, Rituparno Chowdhury, Hwan-Hee Cho, Craig P. Yu, Clare P. Grey, Richard H. Friend, Hugo Bronstein|2024|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|||doi:10.1021/jacs.4c00292 |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc2hdk4m&sid=DataCite |
| Title | CCDC 2305971: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
| Description | Related Article: Petri Murto, Biwen Li, Yao Fu, Lucy E. Walker, Laura Brown, Andrew D. Bond, Weixuan Zeng, Rituparno Chowdhury, Hwan-Hee Cho, Craig P. Yu, Clare P. Grey, Richard H. Friend, Hugo Bronstein|2024|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|||doi:10.1021/jacs.4c00292 |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc2hdk5n&sid=DataCite |
| Title | CCDC 2305972: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
| Description | Related Article: Petri Murto, Biwen Li, Yao Fu, Lucy E. Walker, Laura Brown, Andrew D. Bond, Weixuan Zeng, Rituparno Chowdhury, Hwan-Hee Cho, Craig P. Yu, Clare P. Grey, Richard H. Friend, Hugo Bronstein|2024|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|||doi:10.1021/jacs.4c00292 |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc2hdk6p&sid=DataCite |
| Title | CCDC 2305973: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
| Description | Related Article: Petri Murto, Biwen Li, Yao Fu, Lucy E. Walker, Laura Brown, Andrew D. Bond, Weixuan Zeng, Rituparno Chowdhury, Hwan-Hee Cho, Craig P. Yu, Clare P. Grey, Richard H. Friend, Hugo Bronstein|2024|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|||doi:10.1021/jacs.4c00292 |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc2hdk7q&sid=DataCite |
| Title | CCDC 2305974: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
| Description | Related Article: Petri Murto, Biwen Li, Yao Fu, Lucy E. Walker, Laura Brown, Andrew D. Bond, Weixuan Zeng, Rituparno Chowdhury, Hwan-Hee Cho, Craig P. Yu, Clare P. Grey, Richard H. Friend, Hugo Bronstein|2024|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|||doi:10.1021/jacs.4c00292 |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc2hdk8r&sid=DataCite |
| Title | Data supporting "Direct Observation of Ultrafast Singlet Exciton Fission in Three Dimensions" |
| Description | This data set contains all data underlying the figures in the main text and supporting information. The information on how the data was acquired and processed is detailed in the open access manuscript + SI which has been deposited in this repository and is also available open-access via the publisher Nature Communications under the title "Direct Observation of Ultrafast Singlet Exciton Fission in Three Dimensions". All the extracted data can also be generated from the experimental data by running the model described in the Main text. Main Figures: Fig 1 - b) Transient transmission and complex refractive index slices of pentacene, c) z-stack dependent transient transmission images of pentacene on two spectral bands radially averaged, d) image of the sample of pentacene on hBN. Fig 2,3 and 4 - Underlying datasets of transient transmission images (DTT) on glass and on hBN are provided in two folders 'onGlass' and 'onhBN'. In each the DTTs.npy file is meant to be opened using the python numpy library and the numpy.load command, yielding a 3 dimensional array, where the first axis is time and the second and third axis index X and Y position. The time.txt file give the pump probe delay corresponding to the first axis index. Each pixel (X and Y) corresponds to 55.5 nm in real space. The glass dataset is radially averaged to provide Fig 2/3/4 a and the radial slices in Fig 2/3/4 b (the full images are plotted above it). Upon fitting the radial averaged to the model described in the main text with appropriate bounds yields Fig 2/3/4 d-g. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/341252 |
| Title | Research Data Supporting: Understanding the Role of Triplet-Triplet Annihilation in Non-fullerene Acceptor Organic Solar Cells |
| Description | A Microsoft Excel file containing the data that forms the figures in the main text of the publication. The Microsoft Excel file contains the transient absorption and photoluminescence data, the photoluminescence-detected magnetic resonance data, the GIWAXS data, and the data underlying the plots discussing the impact of triplet-triplet annihilation on the open circuit voltage of a solar cell. The transient absorption data is from the infrared region (1200-1600 nm) and was measured with laser excitation at 800 nm. The time resolved photoluminescence data was measured over nanosecond timescales with laser excitation at 700 nm. The photoluminescence-detected magnetic resonance data was measured with 532 nm laser excitation at X-band microwave frequencies. The GIWAXS was performed in a Xeuss 2.0 SAXS/WAXS laboratory beamline using a Cu X-ray source (8.05 keV, 1.54 Å) and a Pilatus3R 300K detector. The incidence angle is 0.2. All measurements were conducted under a vacuum environment to reduce air scattering. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/354248 |
| Title | Research data supporting "Effects of processing-induced contamination on organic electronic devices" |
| Description | The repository entry contains research data supporting "Effects of Processing-Induced Contamination on Organic Electronic Devices". The DOI of the publication that cites the data is 10.1002/smtd.202300476. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) data The "NMR data - Processed - Topspin" folder contains all the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra contained in the paper, as well as additional datasets. The data processing did not induce permanent changes to the data, so the raw data look very similar to the processed data. The "NMR data" project file contains all the NMR data. The individual batches are plotted separately, and also compared to each other to plot the Figures of the paper. The NMR data were processed by TopSpin, and then exported and plotted with Origin. We analyzed the spectra by performing phase correction, apodization with an exponential function (the line broadening weighting factor LB was set to 0.4 Hz), fifth order polynomial baseline correction, and calibration of the chemical shift axis using the CHCl3 peak (7.26 ppm), or one of the C6H5Cl peaks (6.99 ppm). The intensities of the spectra were normalized with respect to either the CHCl3 or C6H5Cl peak of the bottle reference spectrum, or the polymer aromatic signals. Each Figure in the paper mentions the type of peak normalization method that was conducted. Organic field-effect transistor (OFET) data The "Origin project files" folder contains mostly organic field effect transistor (OFET) data (I-V curves). The OFETs were characterized in a nitrogen gas-filled glovebox using an Agilent 4155B semiconductor parameter analyzer with medium power source-meter units and a current resolution of 10 fA. The Origin scripts used to analyze the transistor I-V curves can be found in the OE-FET GitHub repository. Nanomechanical mapping (PeakForce QNM) data The "Nanomechanical mapping (PeakForce QNM) Data" folder contains the raw and processed Peak Force QNM Data, which are shown in Figure 7 of the paper. The folder also contains a short summary that describes the findings. Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) data There is a dataset with Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) data in the "Origin project files" folder. QCM measurements were used to measure the water uptake of polymer films. Video 1 - IDTBT wetting properties modification by the PDMS contaminant from disposable needles The video demonstrates effect of PDMS on the wetting behavior of IDTBT films. It is related to the findings of Figure 6. Initially a clean IDTBT solution in spin-coated, and it dewets. The PDMS contamination is then introduced by briefly dipping a siliconized needle into an IDTBT solution, and swirling it around for 6-7 seconds. The same IDTBT solution then wets the surface and forms a uniform film. Video 2 - Method of redissolving IDTBT films The video demonstrates the method of redissolving IDTBT films, which is one of the five different NMR-based protocols that were used to detect contaminants in the glovebox, as well as leachables from laboratory consumables. The method itself is also described in the Supplementary Information. ~300 µL of deuterated solvent was drawn from the 20 mL vial using a glass pipette. The deuterated solvent was deposited on the polymer film, making sure to stay at least 5 mm away from the edge of the substrate. After the film redissolved, the deuterated solvent was drawn back inside the pipette, and placed in a clean NMR tube. The previous steps were then repeated using a new glass pipette, until the deuterated solvent inside the NMR tube reached the 4.5 cm mark. The filled NMR tube was then labeled and placed in the rack. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/354389 |
| Title | Research data supporting "High carrier mobility along the [111] orientation in Cu2O photoelectrodes" |
| Description | Included in the dataset are detailed information into the crystallography, morphology, electronic properties, (photo)electrochemical and carrier dynamics of both single-crystal Cu2O thin films and polycrystalline Cu2O with favored crystal orientations. Multiple intruments, including Empyrean X-ray Diffractometer, Zeiss Merlin Scanning Electron Microscope, Tecnai Osiris Transmission Electron Micrisocope, Newport LCS-100 Solar Simulator, Biologic SP-200, GC9790plus Gas Chromatograph, Keithley 2450 SourceMeter, Shimadzu UV-3600 Plus Double-beam Spectrophotometer, were applied to collect the data. Abstract of associated publication: Solar fuels offer a promising approach to provide sustainable fuels by harnessing sunlight. Following a decade of advancement, Cu2O photocathodes are capable of delivering a performance comparable to that of photoelectrodes with established photovoltaic materials. However, considerable bulk charge carrier recombination that is poorly understood still limits further advances in performance. Here we demonstrate performance of Cu2O photocathodes beyond the state-of-the-art by exploiting a new conceptual understanding of carrier recombination and transport in single-crystal Cu2O thin films. Using ambient liquid-phase epitaxy, we present a new method to grow single-crystal Cu2O samples with three crystal orientations. Broadband femtosecond transient reflection spectroscopy measurements were used to quantify anisotropic optoelectronic properties, through which the carrier mobility along the [111] orientation was found to be an order of magnitude higher than those along other orientations. Driven by these findings, we developed a polycrystalline Cu2O photocathode with an extraordinarily pure (111) orientation and (111) terminating facets using a simple and low-cost method, which delivers 7 mA cm-2 current density (more than 70% improvement compared to that of state-of-the-art electrodeposited devices) at 0.5 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode under air mass 1.5 G illumination, and stable operation over at least 120 h. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/366170 |
| Title | Research data supporting "Non-equilibrium transport in polymer mixed ionic-electronic conductors at ultra-high charge densities" |
| Description | This entry contains the research data supporting the article "Non-equilibrium transport in polymer mixed ionic-electronic conductors at ultra-high charge densities". The repository version of the article is available at https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/369592. Included in the dataset are charge transport, spectroscopic, and theoretical characterisation of the polymers IDT-BT, DPP-BTz, and PBTTT. This entry comprises a main zip file containing 15 files, each corresponding to a Figure or an Extended Data Figure in the article. The main zip file shall be decompressed to obtain access to the 15 underlying files. The data that is contained in each file is summarised below: Figure 1.xlsx - OECT transfer curve of IDT-BT, temperature dependent of an IDT-BT OECT, and the corresponding Seebeck coefficient - conductivity plot. The data can be accessed in Microsoft Excel. Figure 2.xlsx - double-gated transfer curves of IDT-BT at various doping states, and the 19F nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) and spin-spin relaxation time (T2) vs temperature obtained from 19F NMR experiments of IDT-BT doped with TFSI. The data can be accessed in Microsoft Excel. Figure 3.tgz - results of 2D Hubbard model calculations of doped IDT-BT. Upon decompressing the .tgz file, a MATLAB script "fig3_theory.m" is available which can be used to plot Figure 3 (as it appears in the article) from the underlying .dat files, which could also be found in the .tgz entry. Figure 4.zip - charge modulation spectroscopy of doped IDT-BT. Upon decompressing the .zip file, a MATLAB script "Processing.m" is available which can be used to plot Figure 4 (as it appears in the article) from the underlying .csv files, which could also be found in the .zip entry. Figure 5.xlsx - Seebeck measurements of double-gated IDT-BT transistors, with the corresponding double-gated transfer curve. The data can be accessed in Microsoft Excel. Extended Data Figure 1 - S2p X-ray photoemission spectra of IDT-BT, DPP-BTz, and PBTTT as a function of doping level. Three .xlsx files have been uploaded (Extended Data Figure 1 - PBTTT.xlsx, Extended Data Figure 1 - DPPBTz.xlsx, and Extended Data Figure 1 - IDTBT.xlsx). The data can be accessed in Microsoft Excel. Extended Data Figure 2.xlsx - Ultraviolet photoemission spectra of IDT-BT, DPP-BTz, and PBTTT as a function of doping level. The data can be accessed in Microsoft Excel. Extended Data Figure 3.xlsx - cyclic voltammogram and the corresponding conductivity at various doping stages of PBTTT, DPP-BTz, and IDT-BT. The data can be accessed in Microsoft Excel. Extended Data Figure 4.xlsx - UV-Vis-NIR and FTIR spectra of ion-gated IDT-BT. The data can be accessed in Microsoft Excel. Extended Data Figure 5.xlsx - electron spin resonance spectroscopy of ion-gated IDT-BT, i.e. total paramagnetic susceptibility, Curie and Pauli components of paramagnetic susceptibility, and the associated device OECT transfer curve. The data can be accessed in Microsoft Excel. Extended Data Figure 6.xlsx - OECT transfer curves of other polymer/ion combinations allowing access to Regime III. The data can be accessed in Microsoft Excel. Extended Data Figure 7.xlsx - OECT transfer curve and temperature dependence of Seebeck coefficient of PBTTT and DPP-BTz. The data can be accessed in Microsoft Excel. Extended Data Figure 8.zip - density functional theory band structure and density of states of PBTTT, DPP-BTz, and IDT-BT. Upon decompressing the .zip file, three folders are available corresponding to the three polymers. In each folder a MATLAB .m script can then be used to generate the figures in panels a, b, and c from the underlying .dat files, which have also been uploaded in the .zip entry. Extended Data Figure 9.xlsx - field-effect mobilities extracted from the symmetric and anti-symmetric components of double-gated IDT-BT transfer curves. The data can be accessed in Microsoft Excel. Extended Data Figure 10.xlsx - double-gated transfer curves of PBTTT and DPP-BTz, and the corresponding symmetric and anti-symmetric mobilities. The data can be accessed in Microsoft Excel. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/370456 |
| Title | Research data supporting "Steric Control of Luminescence in Phenyl-Substituted Trityl Radicals" |
| Description | Compressed (.zip) folder containing data from optical absorption spectra of phenyl substituted TTM radicals in 0.1 mM toluene solution; contains unprocessed and smoothed data (Abs_spectra_soln.xlsx); steady-state photoluminescence spectra following 520 nm excitation in 0.1 mM toluene solution; contains unprocessed, smoothed and normalized data (PL_spectra_soln.xlsx); total emission kinetics following excitation with an electrically pulsed 407 nm laser at a frequency of 5-10 MHz in 0.1 mM toluene solution; contains normalized data (PL_kinetics_soln.xlsx), emission kinetics were not measured for 2,6-ipP3TTM due to weak emission, whereas the corresponding data for M3TTM has been published previously; computational atomic coordinates of optimized ground and excited state structures, calculated at DFT-D3 UB3LYP/def2-SVP and UPBE0/def2-SVP levels of theory, respectively (DFT_coordinates.docx); continuous-wave X-band EPR spectra of the radicals measured at 200 K in 1 mM toluene solution, a modulation field of 0.02 mT was applied at a modulation frequency of 100 kHz with a microwave power of 5 mW (EPR_spectra.xlsx). Abbreviations: P3TTM, tris(3,5-dichloro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl radical 4-T3TTM, tris(3,5-dichloro-4'-methyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl radical 3-T3TTM, tris(3,5-dichloro-3'-methyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl radical 2-T3TTM, tris(3,5-dichloro-2'-methyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl radical 3,5-X3TTM, tris(3,5-dichloro-3',5'-dimethyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl radical 2,6-X3TTM, tris(3,5-dichloro-2',6'-dimethyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl radical 2,5-X3TTM, tris(3,5-dichloro-2',5'-dimethyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl radical 2,4-X3TTM, tris(3,5-dichloro-2',4'-dimethyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl radical M3TTM, tris(3,5-dichloro-2',4',6'-trimethyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl radical 2,6-ipP3TTM, tris(3,5-dichloro-2',6'-diisopropyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl radical |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/366429 |
| Title | Research data supporting: "Electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors with high operational stability and lifetime in practical electrolytes" |
| Description | This repository entry contains research data supporting "Electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors with high operational stability and lifetime in practical electrolytes". Electrolyte-gated field-effect transistor (EG-OFET) and organic field-effect transistor (OFET) data: The "Origin project files" folder contains mostly organic field effect transistor (OFET) and electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistor (EG-OFET) data (I-V and I-time curves). The OFETs and EG-OFETs were electrically characterized in ambient conditions using an Agilent 4156C Semiconductor Parameter Analyzer (SPA) with high resolution source-meter units and a current resolution of 1 fA. We measured in continuous mode with a long integration time of 0.04 sec. The Origin scripts used to analyze the I-V and I-time curves can be found in the OE-FET GitHub repository. OriginLab Origin Pro is required to view the processed data in the "Origin project files" folder, as well as to run the Origin scripts for the analysis of the transistor I-V and I-time curves. The .csv files are contained inside the Origin project files. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) data: The "FTIR" Origin project file contains the FTIR spectra used in the publication. The FTIR spectra were collected in transmission geometry on a Bruker Vertex 70v under vacuum (<2 mbar) using a wide-range DLaTGS detector. Instrument resolution was set to 4 cm-1, and scan rate of 2.5 kHz and 5 mm aperture was used. The FTIR spectra were exported to csv files from OPUS. They were filtered to remove etalon reflections from the substrate using a finite impulse response bandstop filter comb generated by the MATLAB Filter Designer package. They were then plotted with Origin. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data: The "XPS" Origin project file contains the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data used in the publication. The XPS analysis was carried out using an Escalab 250XI spectrometer from Thermo Fisher Scientific (West Sussex, UK). The instrument was operating in constant analyzer energy mode. A monochromatic Al-Ka source (1486.74 eV) and a flood gun for charge neutralization were used. Narrow scans were recorded using a 500 µm spot size, a pass energy of 30 eV, a step size of 0.05 eV, and a dwell time of 50 ms. For the depth profiling, an Ar+ gun operating at 3000 eV and high current mode was used. The raster area was 1.5 mm. The CASA XPS software was used to get the quantification of each element. Designs: This folder contains the CAD design files used in this publication. They were designed using AutoCAD Inventor. The "Advanced Microfluidics SPM OEM pump casing" folder contains the CAD design files for the casing of the SPM OEM pump. The "Clamp" folder contains the CAD design files for the PMMA clamp used to clamp the EG-OFET. Sensitivity, LOD, LOQ calculations: This file contains the sensitivity, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) calculations for Figure S26. Stability metrics: This file contains the calculations for the stability metrics shown in Table S1. These calculations are derived from the data shown in Figure 4. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/365835 |
| Title | Supporting Data for Hole-limited electrochemical doping in conjugated polymers |
| Description | This data set contains all the data presented in the main text figures (for the manuscript titled 'Hole-limited electrochemical doping in conjugated polymers'). The information on how the data was acquired and processed is detailed in the manuscript and supporting information. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/352791 |
| Title | Tetra-Donor Pyrazine based Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters for Electroluminescence and Amplified Spontaneous Emission (dataset) |
| Description | |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/datasets/tetradonor-pyrazine-based-thermally-activated-d... |
| Description | 2023 Cambridge Bioelectronics Symposium |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Organised the Cambridge Bioelectronics Symposium, an event that combined comprehensive coverage of the state-of-the-art of the field with strong participation of young scientists (graduate students/postdocs), hands-on workshops, and career furthering opportunities. It offered: Coverage of fundamentals, materials, devices, applications, translation/commercialisation, ethical issues. Invited talks by world-class experts who convey their vision for the future of the field. Majority of contributed talks and posters presented by young scientists, selected by a committee of young scientists. Hands-on demonstrations: Interested in bioelectronics but do not know where to start? These demonstrations will give you some good ideas. Thematic panel discussion or road mapping exercise - more on this soon. "Meet the industry" session. Learn about startups in the field. Awards for best contributed talk and poster, selected by a committee of young scientists. Symposium dinner. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://bioelectronics.eng.cam.ac.uk/symposium-information |
| Description | Cambridge Bioelectronics Symposium 2024 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Organised the Cambridge Bioelectronics Symposium, an event that combined comprehensive coverage of the state-of-the-art of the field with strong participation of young scientists (graduate students/postdocs), hands-on workshops, and career furthering opportunities. It offered: Coverage of fundamentals, materials, devices, applications, translation/commercialisation, ethical issues. Invited talks by world-class experts who convey their vision for the future of the field. Majority of contributed talks and posters presented by young scientists, selected by a committee of young scientists. Hands-on demonstrations: Interested in bioelectronics but do not know where to start? These demonstrations will give you some good ideas. Thematic panel discussion or road mapping exercise - more on this soon. Learn about startups in the field. Awards for best contributed talk and poster, selected by a committee of young scientists. Symposium dinner. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| URL | https://bioelectronics.eng.cam.ac.uk/symposium-information |
| Description | Charge transport and thermoelectric physics of conjugated polymers at ultrahigh charge densities |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Plenary talk delivered by Prof. Sirringhaus at the International Conference for Synthetic Electronic Materials (ICSM) in Dresden, Germany |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | Charge transport and thermoelectric physics of conjugated polymers at ultrahigh charge densities |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Invited talk at Telluride workshop on organic mixed ionic electronic conductors, Telluride, USA |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | Charge transport and thermoelectric physics of conjugated polymers at ultrahigh charge densities |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Plenary talk at the International Conference on Molecular Electronic Devices (ICMED), Pohang, South Korea |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | Charge transport and thermoelectric properties of high mobility, doped conjugated polymers |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Invited talk at the Spring Meeting of the Materials Research Society, Seattle, USA |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | Device physics of organic field effect transistors |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Invited talk at the International Society for Optics and Photonics (SPIE), San Diego, USA |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | Distinguished USC Munushian Lecturer, University of Southern California |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Distinguished USC Munushian Lecturer: "Technology for Bioelectronic Medicine", Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, March 25, 2024, Los Angeles, CA. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| URL | https://viterbi.usc.edu/news/events/calendar/?event=105744 |
| Description | Invited talk at the ICSM 2022 conference, Glasgow, UK |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Invited talk at the International Conference for Synthetic Metals (ICSM), Glasgow, UK, one of the largest international conferences in the field of organic electronics, on charge transport and thermoelectric properties of high mobility organic semiconductors |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| Description | Invited talk, MRS Spring meeting, Honolulu, USA |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Invited talk at the Spring meeting of the Materials Research Society (MRS) in Honolulu, USA, on factors Limiting Charge Transport in Highly Doped Conducting Polymers |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| Description | Invited talk, SPIE 2022, San Diego, USA |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Invited talk at the Annual Meeting of the International Society for Optics and Photonics SPIE Optics + Photonics 2022 in San Diego, USA |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| Description | Invited talks at the MRS Spring Meeting, May 8-13, 2022 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Delivered two invited talks and several contributed (by group members) to a large and interdisciplinary audience interested in applications of novel materials |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| URL | https://www.mrs.org/meetings-events/spring-meetings-exhibits/past-spring-meetings/2022-mrs-spring-me... |
| Description | Keynote presentation at British Society for Nanomedicine |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Keynote presentation: "Bioelectronic Medicine", British Society for Nanomedicine, Emmanuel College, Sept. 9-10, 2024, Cambridge, UK. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| URL | https://md.catapult.org.uk/events/2024-british-society-for-nanomedicine-annual-meeting/ |
| Description | Keynote presentation at Hellenic Conference on Solid-State Physics and Materials Science |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Gave the keynote presentation at national conference |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| URL | https://fsk36.materials.uoc.gr/ |
| Description | Keynote presentation at Nanotexnology Conference |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Keynote presentation: "Technology for bioelectronic medicine", Nanotexnology, July 4-7, 2024, Thessaloniki, Greece. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| URL | https://www.nanotexnology.com/ |
| Description | Keynote presentation- Nanotexnology |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Gve keynote talk at Nanotexnology meeting |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.nanotexnology.com/2023/ |
| Description | Keyonote presentation at International Conference on Intelligent Wearable Systems in Hong Kong |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Gave keynote presentation in Hong Kong at conference on werable electronics attended by academic and industrial scientists from around the world |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| URL | https://www.polyu.edu.hk/en/riiwear/news-and-events/events/2022/jun/iciws-2022/ |
| Description | Plenary presentation - Micro Nano 2023 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Gave plennary presentation at Micro Nano meeting |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://2023.micro-nano.gr/plenary-speakers/ |
| Description | Plenary presentation - NanoBio 2023 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Gave plenary talk at NanoBio |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://nanobioconf.com/ |
| Description | Plenary presentation - RSC Chemical Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Interest Group |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Gave keynote talk at national meeting |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| URL | https://www.rsc.org/events/detail/76838/rsc-chemical-nanoscience-and-nanotechnology-network-annual-s... |
| Description | Plenary presentation a XVII Meeting of the Spanish Polymer Group |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Plenary presentation: "Conducting Polymers for Bioelectronic Medicine", XVII Meeting of the Spanish Polymer Group, Sept. 16-19, 2024, Madrid, Spain |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| URL | https://www.infinite-project.eu/event/gep-2024/ |
| Description | Plenary presentation at NanoBio 2023 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Plenary presentation: "Thin film technology for bioelectronic medicine", NanoBio 2023, Sept. 11-15, 2023, Heraklion, Greece. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://nffa.eu/news/events/nanobio2023/ |
| Description | Plenary presentation at RSC Chemical Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Interest Group |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Plenary presentation: "Thin film technology for bioelectronic medicine", RSC Chemical Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Interest Group, Jan. 15-16, 2024, London, UK. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| URL | https://www.rsc.org/events/member-network/interest-groups/chemical-nanoscience-and-nanotechnology-gr... |
| Description | Plenary presentationat Micro Nano 2023 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Plenary presentation: "Thin film technology for bioelectronic medicine", Micro Nano 2023, Nov. 2-4, 2023, Athens, Greece. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://2023.micro-nano.gr/ |
| Description | Public Seminar on Bioelectronic Medicine, University of Linkoping, Sweden. |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Public seminar on the occasion of award of honorary doctorate, reaching current members, alumni and steakholders of Linkoping University. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| Description | Visit at SCION - NZ Institute of Forestry |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | I visited SCION and provided opportunities for Scion staff to connect with my group on research projects and engages during presentation that highlighted our areas of expertise. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.scionresearch.com/about-us/news-and-events/news/2023-news-and-media-releases/visiting-pr... |
| Description | iSmart Distinguished Lecture of the International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | 17,000 people joined online for this lecture |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| URL | https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/qIJrRlQhwiP0SdAiu9vxWQ |