TeraWatt: Large scale Interactive coupled 3D modelling for wave and tidal energy resource and environmental impact (Remit 1 MASTS Consortium Proposal)
Lead Research Organisation:
Heriot-Watt University
Department Name: Institute Of Petroleum Engineering
Abstract
Scotland has substantial wave and tidal energy resources and is at the forefront of the development of marine renewable technologies and ocean energy exploitation. The next phase will see these wave and tidal devices deployed in arrays, with many sites being developed. Although developers have entered into agreements with The Crown Estate for seabed leases, all projects remain subject to licensing requirements under the Marine Scotland Act (2010).
As part of the licensing arrangements, environmental effects in the immediate vicinity of devices and arrays will be addressed in the EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) process that each developer must undertake. It is essential, however, that the regulatory authorities understand how a number of multi-site developments collectively impact on the physical and biological processes over a wider region, both in relation to cumulative effects of the developments and marine planning responsibilities. At a regional scale, careful selection of sites may enable the optimum exploitation of the resource while minimising any environmental impacts to an acceptable level.
The TeraWatt Consortium has been established through the auspices of The Marine Alliance for Science & Technology for Scotland (MASTS) with Heriot-Watt University, and the Universities of Edinburgh, Glasgow, Strathclyde, the Highlands and Islands and Marine Scotland Science (MSS). The consortium has the support and anticipates the full engagement of the marine renewable developers in many aspects of the work. The research programme has been designed to specifically respond to questions posed by Marine Scotland Science, the organisation responsible for providing scientific advice to the licensing authority. In particular to the following questions: (1) What is the best way to assess the wave and tidal resource and the effects of energy extraction on it? (2) What are the physical consequences of wave and tidal energy extraction? (3) What are the ecological consequences of wave and tidal energy extraction? The overarching objective of the research is to generate a suite of methodologies that can provide better understandings of, and be used to assess, the alteration of the resource from energy extraction, and of the physical and ecological consequence. Illustration of the use of these in key development area, such as the Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters, and their availability as tools will enable the acceleration of array deployments.
The TeraWatt research programme is structured in 4 workstreams. The first, led by MSS, will collate all necessary data to be used, develop the hypothetical multi-site array configurations in conjunction with developers and evaluate acceptance criteria for impacts. The second led by Edinburgh University will use separate and coupled models of wave and tide at a resolution necessary to consider multi-site array effects on the resource, providing important inputs to workstreams 3 and 4 which will address in turn, the spatial changes in physical processes affecting sediments, the shoreline and seabed (led by Glasgow and Strathclyde), and the spatial changes affecting organisms living in the seabed, their distribution and the significance of these for other ecological processes (led by Heriot-Watt University). Each workstream will provide reviews of the methodologies used which will be synthesised into a single methods toolbox. Where possible all regional scale modelling, used to illustrate these methodologies, will be validated by field data and the consortium has assembled both existing and data not previously available, for this purpose with the support of MSS and marine renewable developers.
The TeraWatt project, which will be managed by MASTS, envisages direct participation from industry in various aspects of its work, and has a number of wider knowledge exchange and stakeholder engagement activities planned.
As part of the licensing arrangements, environmental effects in the immediate vicinity of devices and arrays will be addressed in the EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) process that each developer must undertake. It is essential, however, that the regulatory authorities understand how a number of multi-site developments collectively impact on the physical and biological processes over a wider region, both in relation to cumulative effects of the developments and marine planning responsibilities. At a regional scale, careful selection of sites may enable the optimum exploitation of the resource while minimising any environmental impacts to an acceptable level.
The TeraWatt Consortium has been established through the auspices of The Marine Alliance for Science & Technology for Scotland (MASTS) with Heriot-Watt University, and the Universities of Edinburgh, Glasgow, Strathclyde, the Highlands and Islands and Marine Scotland Science (MSS). The consortium has the support and anticipates the full engagement of the marine renewable developers in many aspects of the work. The research programme has been designed to specifically respond to questions posed by Marine Scotland Science, the organisation responsible for providing scientific advice to the licensing authority. In particular to the following questions: (1) What is the best way to assess the wave and tidal resource and the effects of energy extraction on it? (2) What are the physical consequences of wave and tidal energy extraction? (3) What are the ecological consequences of wave and tidal energy extraction? The overarching objective of the research is to generate a suite of methodologies that can provide better understandings of, and be used to assess, the alteration of the resource from energy extraction, and of the physical and ecological consequence. Illustration of the use of these in key development area, such as the Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters, and their availability as tools will enable the acceleration of array deployments.
The TeraWatt research programme is structured in 4 workstreams. The first, led by MSS, will collate all necessary data to be used, develop the hypothetical multi-site array configurations in conjunction with developers and evaluate acceptance criteria for impacts. The second led by Edinburgh University will use separate and coupled models of wave and tide at a resolution necessary to consider multi-site array effects on the resource, providing important inputs to workstreams 3 and 4 which will address in turn, the spatial changes in physical processes affecting sediments, the shoreline and seabed (led by Glasgow and Strathclyde), and the spatial changes affecting organisms living in the seabed, their distribution and the significance of these for other ecological processes (led by Heriot-Watt University). Each workstream will provide reviews of the methodologies used which will be synthesised into a single methods toolbox. Where possible all regional scale modelling, used to illustrate these methodologies, will be validated by field data and the consortium has assembled both existing and data not previously available, for this purpose with the support of MSS and marine renewable developers.
The TeraWatt project, which will be managed by MASTS, envisages direct participation from industry in various aspects of its work, and has a number of wider knowledge exchange and stakeholder engagement activities planned.
Planned Impact
TeraWatt will provide answers to specific marine planning and consenting questions faced by the regulatory authorities. These are critical to accelerating the licensing of multi-site arrays and hence, by enabling this next crucial phase in the exploitation of marine renewable resources, will contribute to maintaining the UK lead in the development of wave and tidal technologies. Deliverables from the project will be pivotal in assisting regulators to determine arrangements for the optimal exploitation of the resource while at the same time ensuring minimal environmental impacts. Its positive economic and social impacts in providing timely solutions to these questions are significant.
Marine Scotland Science, the organisation responsible for providing scientific advice to the regulator on planning and consenting matters, in waters where the first major multi-site deployments will occur, is a project partner in TeraWatt. It will lead, throughout the research, the engagements with the device and field developers, which are necessary to ensuring confidence in the outputs of the work for both industry and regulator. This partnership, and the necessary engagements, with developers are embedded in TeraWatt to ensure that deliverables meet the requirements of the sector and can be immediately exploited.
Accelerating the licensing of multi-site wave and tidal developments will help the UK maintain its place at the leading edge of marine energy technology and developments, and this will result in strong socio-economic impacts in areas related to research and development, design engineering, manufacturing and construction. Developments will be de-risked by the enhancing our ability to predicting the resource impact of energy extraction, assisting investors in supporting and building the finance case for large scale developments. Socio-economic benefits will be evident at a community level by providing skilled employment as a result of accelerated developments, up to regional, national and international level by increasing the UK share of renewables, and thus low carbon, energy production capacity. Direct beneficiaries of this research activity include the regulatory authorities, the Crown Estate (responsible for seabed leasing), device and field developers, and investors associated with field development financing.
Associated with the accelerated development of the sector, are secondary economic benefits which will come from upgrades to the electricity network, enhanced opportunities in technology manufacturing, and regional benefits from upgrades to port and harbour facilities, and related service sector activity, all likely to arise as the result of this growth.
The expertise and capacity developed from the research will assist in the integration of science into the marine planning process, and will benefit more generally the knowledge economy now emerging around marine renewable planning, strategic environmental assessment, and the ecosystem approach to the management of European seas.
The project will also generate new knowledge and advances in methodologies, both in innovation and application, of value not only to the sector but to a wider research community in fields ranging from hydrodynamic modeling to marine ecology and conservation. In particular, the inter-disciplinary fine scale regional modelling approach adopted, using existing and new physical and biological data (previously unavailable at this resolution) will enable the development of innovative methods for the determination and understanding of the influence of wave and tidal kinematics, on sediment processes and on the marine biota, its benthic differentiation and distribution, and provide predictive tools that can be much more widely used by researchers and government advisors working in the fields of marine conservation, and in particular in support of the anticipated establishment of marine protected areas.
Marine Scotland Science, the organisation responsible for providing scientific advice to the regulator on planning and consenting matters, in waters where the first major multi-site deployments will occur, is a project partner in TeraWatt. It will lead, throughout the research, the engagements with the device and field developers, which are necessary to ensuring confidence in the outputs of the work for both industry and regulator. This partnership, and the necessary engagements, with developers are embedded in TeraWatt to ensure that deliverables meet the requirements of the sector and can be immediately exploited.
Accelerating the licensing of multi-site wave and tidal developments will help the UK maintain its place at the leading edge of marine energy technology and developments, and this will result in strong socio-economic impacts in areas related to research and development, design engineering, manufacturing and construction. Developments will be de-risked by the enhancing our ability to predicting the resource impact of energy extraction, assisting investors in supporting and building the finance case for large scale developments. Socio-economic benefits will be evident at a community level by providing skilled employment as a result of accelerated developments, up to regional, national and international level by increasing the UK share of renewables, and thus low carbon, energy production capacity. Direct beneficiaries of this research activity include the regulatory authorities, the Crown Estate (responsible for seabed leasing), device and field developers, and investors associated with field development financing.
Associated with the accelerated development of the sector, are secondary economic benefits which will come from upgrades to the electricity network, enhanced opportunities in technology manufacturing, and regional benefits from upgrades to port and harbour facilities, and related service sector activity, all likely to arise as the result of this growth.
The expertise and capacity developed from the research will assist in the integration of science into the marine planning process, and will benefit more generally the knowledge economy now emerging around marine renewable planning, strategic environmental assessment, and the ecosystem approach to the management of European seas.
The project will also generate new knowledge and advances in methodologies, both in innovation and application, of value not only to the sector but to a wider research community in fields ranging from hydrodynamic modeling to marine ecology and conservation. In particular, the inter-disciplinary fine scale regional modelling approach adopted, using existing and new physical and biological data (previously unavailable at this resolution) will enable the development of innovative methods for the determination and understanding of the influence of wave and tidal kinematics, on sediment processes and on the marine biota, its benthic differentiation and distribution, and provide predictive tools that can be much more widely used by researchers and government advisors working in the fields of marine conservation, and in particular in support of the anticipated establishment of marine protected areas.
Publications
Masters I
(2015)
A Comparison of Numerical Modelling Techniques for Tidal Stream Turbine Analysis
in Energies
Wilson R
(2018)
A synthetic map of the north-west European Shelf sedimentary environment for applications in marine science
in Earth System Science Data
Yates N
(2013)
Appraising the extractable tidal energy resource of the UK's western coastal waters.
in Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences
McClatchey J
(2014)
Climate change and adaptation in the coastal areas of Europe's Northern Periphery Region
in Ocean & Coastal Management
Murray, A.
(2017)
Comparison of X-Band Radar at two sites in the Western Isles, Scotland
Zangiabadi E
(2015)
Computational Fluid Dynamics and Visualisation of Coastal Flows in Tidal Channels Supporting Ocean Energy Development
in Energies
Title | Art prints generated from tidal flow |
Description | Series of three semi-abstract canvas prints generated from the tidal flow around the Orkney Isles. |
Type Of Art | Artwork |
Year Produced | 2015 |
Impact | Two of the canvases were exhibited at the Pier Arts Centre, Stromness, in 2015. This led to discussions about the research with visitors. |
Description | In addition to the publications our major output is the toolbox which has taken the form of a series of position papers describing the methodologies developed, and a Special Issue of a journal which demonstrates their application. |
Exploitation Route | Further uptake of outputs by developers and the regulatory authorities is anticipated. |
Sectors | Energy,Environment |
URL | http://www.masts.ac.uk/about/masts-publications/terrawatt/ |
Description | TeraWatt has led to the following: • EcoWatt2050 ~ a successful Grand Challenge II proposal from the TeraWatt Consortium plus other partners drawn into this research. • Seven new and/or linked PhD studentships to the TeraWatt project. We have directly linked PhDs now created in Swansea and HWU, with associated PhDs drawn in from Strathclyde, UHI/LCC and also HWU, making a total of seven (HWU 2, plus 1 Supergen Core; Strathclyde 1, Swansea 1 and UHI/LCC 2). These are invited and regularly attend the TeraWatt Project Workshops. • Sharing of data and modelling with The Crown Estate. For different reasons to the objectives of TeraWatt, PFOW developers with TCE have been developing a MIKE 2d model. This is now shared with the TeraWatt consortium, who equally is reporting back to TCE and developers on our progress. We also acknowledge the sharing of data by TCE with the TeraWatt consortium. • Sharing experiences of our models with CFD approaches for a developer site, enabling greater confidence in the parameterisation of MIKE and Delft3D for energy extraction. • Thorough collation and reworking of all available data for the study area, largely undertaken and completed by Marine Scotland Science. • Collaboration with software developers (notably Deltares), enabling the possible development of the Delft3D code to better represent energy extraction. • Direct engagement with staff from developer companies in our annual workshop discussions on modelling and environmental consequences of energy extraction. |
First Year Of Impact | 2013 |
Sector | Energy,Environment,Government, Democracy and Justice |
Impact Types | Societal,Economic,Policy & public services |
Description | Blue Carbon Audit of Orkney Waters |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
URL | https://data.marine.gov.scot/dataset/blue-carbon-audit-orkney-waters |
Description | Development of wave and tidal energy extraction array secarios and of methodologies for assessing impacts |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
Impact | Development of methods and understandings of environmental impact for use in the development of regulation and guidance |
Description | Scottish Parliament. Oral Evidence to the Environment, Climate Change and Land Reform Committee. 20th Meeting 2019, Session 5 |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
URL | http://www.parliament.scot/parliamentarybusiness/report.aspx?r=12184&mode=pdf |
Description | EPSRC Grand Challenge II ~ EcoWatt2050 |
Amount | £947,652 (GBP) |
Funding ID | EP/K012851/1 |
Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 03/2014 |
End | 02/2017 |
Description | HLF funding for the CoCoast Capturing our Coast Citizen Science project led by Newcastle University |
Amount | £1,700,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | Heritage Lottery Fund |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 10/2015 |
End | 10/2018 |
Description | PhD studentship linked to TeraWatt |
Amount | £70,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | Heriot-Watt University |
Sector | Academic/University |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 03/2013 |
End | 02/2016 |
Description | Swansea University College of Engineering PhD studentships |
Amount | £67,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | Swansea University |
Sector | Academic/University |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 07/2013 |
End | 01/2016 |
Title | Configuration files and outputs from a MIKE by DHI hydrodynamic model of the east coast of Scotland |
Description | Files required to set up and run the MIKE by DHI hydrodynamic model to simulate waves and currents off the east coast of Scotland |
Type Of Material | Computer model/algorithm |
Year Produced | 2016 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Publications |
URL | https://pure.strath.ac.uk/portal/en/datasets/configuration-files-and-outputs-from-a-mike-by-dhi-hydr... |
Title | Data for: "A synthetic map of the northwest European Shelf sedimentary environment for applications in marine science" |
Description | This dataset shows maps of the sediment properties and physical environment of the seabed on the northwest European Continental Shelf. Mapped products are: mud, sand and gravel percentages; rock cover; whole-sediment, sand- and gravel-fraction median grain sizes; porosity and permeability; carbon and nitrogen content of sediments; mean and maximum depth-averaged tidal velocity and wave orbital-velocity; monthly natural disturbance rates. Data products are produced at a spatial resolution of 0.125 by 0.125 degrees. [Please note that a previous pre-peer review version of this dataset exists: (http://dx.doi.org/10.15129/07bc686e-a354-40de-8c08-372ced7aad64] |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2017 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Title | Historical hindcasts of monthly bed shear stress on the North West European Continental Shelf |
Description | Historical hindcasts of mean monthly bed shear stress at a horizontal resolution of 0.125 by 0.125 degrees for the North West European Continental Shelf. Bed shear stress was initially calculated at 15 minute intervals using the equations of Soulsby and Clarke (2005) using the R package for bed shear stress calculations available at https://github.com/r4ecology/bedshear. Time series are available for 1997-2017 and 1900-2009. The 1997-2017 data product uses the ERA-interim reanalysis for wave inputs and a climatology of tidal velocities from the Scottish Shelf Model as inputs. The 1900-2009 data product uses the ERA-20C reanalysis for wave inputs and a climatology of tidal velocities from the Scottish Shelf Model as inputs. Datasets are available as netcdf files. |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2019 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Title | Historical hindcasts of monthly bed shear stress on the North West European Continental Shelf (updated versions) |
Description | Historical hindcasts of mean monthly bed shear stress at a horizontal resolution of 0.125 by 0.125 degrees for the North West European Continental Shelf. Bed shear stress was initially calculated at 15 minute intervals using the equations of Soulsby and Clarke (2005) using the R package for bed shear stress calculations available at https://github.com/r4ecology/bedshear. Time series are available for 1997-2017 and 1900-2009. The 1997-2017 data product uses the ERA-interim reanalysis for wave inputs and a climatology of tidal velocities from the Scottish Shelf Model as inputs. The 1900-2009 data product uses the ERA-20C reanalysis for wave inputs and a climatology of tidal velocities from the Scottish Shelf Model as inputs. Datasets are available as netcdf files. These datasets are updated versions (post-peer review and journal acceptance) of earlier products associated with the discussion document version of the related publication "Increasing turbidity in the North Sea during the 20th century due to changing wave climate" |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2019 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
URL | https://pureportal.strath.ac.uk/en/datasets/5d28213e-8f9f-402a-b550-fc588518cb8b |
Title | Modelling energy extraction in tidal flows, v2.1 |
Description | Developed by the TeraWatt consortium with marine renewable energy developer input, this position paper describes the methodology for the incorporation of tidal energy extraction within hydrodynamic models such as MIKE and Delft3D. |
Type Of Material | Computer model/algorithm |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | The position paper provides a preferred methodology for the incorporation of tidal energy extraction in hydrodynamic models used by developers and Government. |
URL | http://www.masts.ac.uk/about/masts-publications/terrawatt/ |
Title | Modelling the impacts of marine energy extraction on non-cohesive sediment transport and morphodynamics, v1 |
Description | Developed by the TeraWatt consortium, this position paper describes the methodologies for the investigation of tidal and wave energy extraction within hydrodynamic models such as MIKE and Delft3D on sediment transport and morphodynamics. |
Type Of Material | Computer model/algorithm |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | Provides preferred methodologies for use by Government and developers for the assessment of impacts from tidal and wave energy extraction on sediment transport and morphodynamics as required for inputs to the Environmental Impact Assessment process and Environmental Statement. |
Title | Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters Round 1 Array Layouts, v1 |
Description | This position paper prepared by Marine Scotland Science (partners in the TeraWatt Consortium) describes the typical array layouts expeted in Round 1 of development for the Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | This position paper provides a realistic baseline for the modelling of extraction of wave and tidal energy in the Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters area arising from the first phase of development. |
URL | http://www.masts.ac.uk/about/masts-publications/terrawatt/ |
Title | Representing Wave Energy Extraction in Regional Scale Numerical Models, v3.1 |
Description | Developed by the TeraWatt consortium with marine renewable energy developer input, this position paper describes the methodology for the incorporation of wave energy extraction within hydrodynamic models such as MIKE and Delft3D. |
Type Of Material | Computer model/algorithm |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | The position paper is available from the Consortium and the MASTS website. It provides a preferred methodology for the incorporation of wave energy extraction within models being used by developers and Government. |
URL | http://www.masts.ac.uk/about/masts-publications/terrawatt/ |
Title | Vertical profiles of seawater turbdity, chlorophyll temperature and salinity |
Description | Data from a monitoring site in the North Sea on vertical profiles of turbidity and hydrographic variables |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | Publications |
URL | https://pure.strath.ac.uk/portal/en/datasets/vertical-profiles-of-seawater-turbdity-chlorophyll-temp... |
Description | A session at the MASTS Annual Science Meeting reporting on TeraWatt outputs |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Presentation of research findings from TeraWatt at a special session of the MASTS Annual Science Meeting |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
Description | Article in the Oban Times, publicising paper on ocean impacts of warming |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Here is the article. "An international group of marine scientists has compiled the most comprehensive assessment of how ocean warming is affecting the mix of species in our oceans - and explained how some marine species manage to keep their cool. Researchers from the UK, Japan, Australia, USA, Germany, Canada, South Africa and New Zealand analysed three million records of thousands of species from 200 ecological communities across the globe. Reviewing data from 1985-2014, the team, led by Professor Michael Burrows of the Scottish Association for Marine Science in Dunstaffnage, showed how subtle changes in the movement of species that prefer cold-water or warm-water, in response to rising temperatures, made a big impact on the global picture. The findings are published in the journal Nature Climate Change." |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
URL | https://www.obantimes.co.uk/2019/11/25/scientists-complete-largest-global-assessment-of-ocean-warmin... |
Description | Developer Workshop on marine energy extraction hosted by Marine Scotland Science |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Participants in your research and patient groups |
Results and Impact | The focus was the adoption of preferred methods for the incorporation of tidal energy extraction in hydrodynamic models. An agreement was reached that has led to the subsequent publication of 3 position papers from the TeraWatt Consortium. These are wave energy extraction, tidal energy extraction and realistic array layouts. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
Description | Half page article in the Glasgow Herald on impacts of ocean heatwaves |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | I gave an interview to a national newspaper (Glasgow Herald: circulation 25,000) resulting in a major article. Online comments followed |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
URL | https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/17805642.rise-deadly-ocean-heatwaves-poses-new-threat-scotland/ |
Description | Ocean community warming responses explained by thermal affinities and temperature gradients. Summary of media impact from a press release. |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | The press release for our paper in Nature Climate Change, Twitter posts and other blog mentioned resulted in an Altmetric score of 282: In the top 5% of all research outputs scored by Altmetric Mentioned by news 13 news outlets blogs 3 blogs 252 tweeters 2 Facebook pages |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
URL | https://www.altmetric.com/details/71152263 |
Description | TeraWatt/Ecowatt2050 Steering Group Meetings |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | A formal Steering Group to which TeraWatt and EcoWatt2050 report every 6 months on progress to Steering Group Members who represent the developer and regulatory community. Many useful suggestions and offers of assistance arising during meetings have been followed up with fruitful results (e.g. comparisons of our research with cfd approaches). |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012,2013,2014,2015,2016 |
Description | Workshop each year in June |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | The workshop provides a one week intensive discussion on the research in TeraWatt and EcoWatt2050 to which developers, regulatory authorities, software developers as well as those involved in the Consortia are invited to attend. Additionally linked PhD research in each partner organisation is usually well represented. The input from developers and regulatory authorities has been particularly useful in shaping the research and methods applied. One particular outcome has been the recommendations to software developers on future needs for the incorporation of wave and tidal energy extraction within the models developed using these. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012,2013,2014,2015,2016 |