The making of the 'precariat': unemployment, insecurity and work-poor young adults in harsh economic conditions.
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Leicester
Department Name: Centre for Labour Market Studies
Abstract
The key objective of this research is to undertake an analysis of existing data on youth employment to answer the research question: 'In what ways have the experiences of unemployed, insecure and vulnerable 18-25 year-olds changed between two key periods of economic instability in the UK?'.
This is a timely study as levels of youth unemployment are higher now than at any time since the 1980s recession. The vulnerability of young people is not a new phenomenon: in the 1980s youth unemployment was a major cause of disquiet, leading to talk about a 'lost generation' and concerns that the experience of unemployment would leave scars on later employment careers. Pronounced changes to the structure of the youth labour market have taken place since 1980 and the experience of many young people has changed markedly. The collapse of the youth labour market, changes to the national qualification system and the significant increase in the number of young people entering higher education have all had a considerable impact on young adults' experiences of the transition from compulsory education to the labour market in c2010. As a consequence of these changes there is an increased recognition that a growing number of young people are either classified as NEET (Not in Education, Employment or Training) or hold insecure forms of employment, often without training, are vulnerable to losing their jobs, and move between a series of poor quality jobs.
Whereas earlier approaches to the study of difficulties encountered in the transitions from education to work focused on the experience of unemployment, especially long-term unemployment, the greater complexity of transitions calls for a new approach and suggests the need for fresh understandings of vulnerability in the context of early careers. Moreover, rather than casting aside knowledge produced in earlier periods, valuable lessons can be learnt through re-analysing older data through a contemporary conceptual lens. A key aim of this study, therefore, is to capture changes in the experience of youth, highlighting the experiences in two periods of instability.
This study aims to utilise data collected on the experience of young people making the transition from education to work during the 1980s recession by comparing this with data on young people experiencing the impact of the current economic downturn. The research will be based on an analysis of three pre-existing datasets. The first of these is the ESRC funded 'Understanding Society' data. This study follows approximately 100,000 individuals in 40,000 households on an annual basis and from this data it is possible to focus attention on the labour market experiences of those individuals in the age range 18-25. These young people, who were interviewed between 2009-2011 were asked a variety of questions relating to educational experiences, labour market activity and plans for the future. Two other datasets, both of which focus explicitly on youth employment in the early 1980s, will also be used. The first study, referred to as the Young Adults Study (YA), collected data through detailed interviews with 18-25 year-olds in four contrasting labour markets in 1982/83. The four areas were selected to represent a range of employment conditions and resulted in a sample of 1786 young people. The second study, referred to as the Changing Structure of Youth Labour Markets Study (CSYLM), also involved detailed interviews with 854 individuals aged 17 and 18 in 1985 in three other contrasting labour markets. The studies deliberately covered severely depressed labour markets (e.g. Liverpool and Sunderland) as well as areas that remained fairly buoyant (e.g. St Albans and Chelmsford).
This is a timely study as levels of youth unemployment are higher now than at any time since the 1980s recession. The vulnerability of young people is not a new phenomenon: in the 1980s youth unemployment was a major cause of disquiet, leading to talk about a 'lost generation' and concerns that the experience of unemployment would leave scars on later employment careers. Pronounced changes to the structure of the youth labour market have taken place since 1980 and the experience of many young people has changed markedly. The collapse of the youth labour market, changes to the national qualification system and the significant increase in the number of young people entering higher education have all had a considerable impact on young adults' experiences of the transition from compulsory education to the labour market in c2010. As a consequence of these changes there is an increased recognition that a growing number of young people are either classified as NEET (Not in Education, Employment or Training) or hold insecure forms of employment, often without training, are vulnerable to losing their jobs, and move between a series of poor quality jobs.
Whereas earlier approaches to the study of difficulties encountered in the transitions from education to work focused on the experience of unemployment, especially long-term unemployment, the greater complexity of transitions calls for a new approach and suggests the need for fresh understandings of vulnerability in the context of early careers. Moreover, rather than casting aside knowledge produced in earlier periods, valuable lessons can be learnt through re-analysing older data through a contemporary conceptual lens. A key aim of this study, therefore, is to capture changes in the experience of youth, highlighting the experiences in two periods of instability.
This study aims to utilise data collected on the experience of young people making the transition from education to work during the 1980s recession by comparing this with data on young people experiencing the impact of the current economic downturn. The research will be based on an analysis of three pre-existing datasets. The first of these is the ESRC funded 'Understanding Society' data. This study follows approximately 100,000 individuals in 40,000 households on an annual basis and from this data it is possible to focus attention on the labour market experiences of those individuals in the age range 18-25. These young people, who were interviewed between 2009-2011 were asked a variety of questions relating to educational experiences, labour market activity and plans for the future. Two other datasets, both of which focus explicitly on youth employment in the early 1980s, will also be used. The first study, referred to as the Young Adults Study (YA), collected data through detailed interviews with 18-25 year-olds in four contrasting labour markets in 1982/83. The four areas were selected to represent a range of employment conditions and resulted in a sample of 1786 young people. The second study, referred to as the Changing Structure of Youth Labour Markets Study (CSYLM), also involved detailed interviews with 854 individuals aged 17 and 18 in 1985 in three other contrasting labour markets. The studies deliberately covered severely depressed labour markets (e.g. Liverpool and Sunderland) as well as areas that remained fairly buoyant (e.g. St Albans and Chelmsford).
Planned Impact
1.Who will benefit from this research? The are numerous beneficiaries from this research including academics, policy makers, practitioners, politicians, postgraduate students, early career researchers, academic and professional networks.
2.How will they benefit from this research? They will benefit from the research in line with the ESRC guidance on 'What is Impact' - Instrumentally, Conceptually and in respect of Capacity Building. The instrumental benefits of the research centre on the connections of the team to the policy environment and their commitment to ensuring that this work makes a difference to the lives of young people. Throughout the life of the project and beyond, we will develop and maintain a dialogue with key stakeholders in government, the third sector and among the wide range of private organisations that provide support and training for young people who are unemployed or vulnerable to unemployment. During the the project we will engage directly with stakeholders with whom we are in contact, including the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the International Trade Union Confederation, the UK Trade Union Confederation and the UK Government Departments for Business Innovation and Skills, Education, Work and Pensions and the UK Commission for Employment and Skills. These stakeholders will benefit from early release data on how to combat the adverse effects of economic transformation on young adults. The conceptual benefits emerge from the importance of our research questions for academics and policy makers working in the area of youth transitions and youth employment/unemployment. Addressing the questions through the secondary analysis of existing data will challenge academics and policy makers to reconsider some of the ways in issues of youth employment have been/are conceptualized and, therefore, the research will make a significant contribution to academic and policy knowledge in this area. The research will reveal new insights into the situation of young people in the 1980s whilst also revealing the distinctive characteristics of the contemporary youth labour market particularly for those at the margins. Overall, the research will make a clear contribution to the academic, political and practitioner debates on how to combat the adverse effects of the current harsh economic conditions on young adults. In terms of capacity building this project will extend expertise in secondary analysis to develop further the skills of the team members in using large and complex datasets, such as Understanding Society as a source of secondary data to complement existing skills. This will serve to augment individual career development and offers potential for academic output championing the secondary analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data and maximising the use of existing datasets. Academic users will benefit from the significantly enhanced impact potential of combining three previously unconnected studies. In addition, combining data from the three studies is likely to increase, and reassert, the impact and significance of the historical data by highlighting the contemporary relevance of archived data for academic users.
2.How will they benefit from this research? They will benefit from the research in line with the ESRC guidance on 'What is Impact' - Instrumentally, Conceptually and in respect of Capacity Building. The instrumental benefits of the research centre on the connections of the team to the policy environment and their commitment to ensuring that this work makes a difference to the lives of young people. Throughout the life of the project and beyond, we will develop and maintain a dialogue with key stakeholders in government, the third sector and among the wide range of private organisations that provide support and training for young people who are unemployed or vulnerable to unemployment. During the the project we will engage directly with stakeholders with whom we are in contact, including the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the International Trade Union Confederation, the UK Trade Union Confederation and the UK Government Departments for Business Innovation and Skills, Education, Work and Pensions and the UK Commission for Employment and Skills. These stakeholders will benefit from early release data on how to combat the adverse effects of economic transformation on young adults. The conceptual benefits emerge from the importance of our research questions for academics and policy makers working in the area of youth transitions and youth employment/unemployment. Addressing the questions through the secondary analysis of existing data will challenge academics and policy makers to reconsider some of the ways in issues of youth employment have been/are conceptualized and, therefore, the research will make a significant contribution to academic and policy knowledge in this area. The research will reveal new insights into the situation of young people in the 1980s whilst also revealing the distinctive characteristics of the contemporary youth labour market particularly for those at the margins. Overall, the research will make a clear contribution to the academic, political and practitioner debates on how to combat the adverse effects of the current harsh economic conditions on young adults. In terms of capacity building this project will extend expertise in secondary analysis to develop further the skills of the team members in using large and complex datasets, such as Understanding Society as a source of secondary data to complement existing skills. This will serve to augment individual career development and offers potential for academic output championing the secondary analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data and maximising the use of existing datasets. Academic users will benefit from the significantly enhanced impact potential of combining three previously unconnected studies. In addition, combining data from the three studies is likely to increase, and reassert, the impact and significance of the historical data by highlighting the contemporary relevance of archived data for academic users.
Organisations
Publications
Droy L
(2020)
Methodological Uncertainty and Multi-Strategy Analysis: Case Study of the Long-Term Effects of Government Sponsored Youth Training on Occupational Mobility
in Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique
Furlong, A.
(2017)
Young people in the labour market: past, present, future
Goodwin J
(2015)
A Critical Youth Studies for the 21st Century
Goodwin J
(2020)
Returning to YTS: the long-term impact of youth training scheme participation
in Journal of Youth Studies
O'Connor H
(2013)
The Ethical Dilemmas of Restudies in Researching Youth
in YOUNG
Description | 1. Data from Understanding Society wave 1 was used to assess the numbers of young people aged 18-25 in precarious labour market positions. Making a distinction between 'deep precarity' (the formally unemployed, other workless groups - such as those in caring roles and the long-term sick and disabled - and part-time workers working so few hours that they lacked legal protections (<16 hours per week)) and 'shallow precarity' (part-time workers (16-34 hours) plus those working full-time on temporary contracts we found that 36% of young people were in the deep precariat and a further 21% in the shallow precariat: showing that 57% occupied marginal positions in which they either lacked work or lacked legislative security. Among the deep precariat, 19% had never been in paid employment. Females were more likely than males to occupy precarious positions, as were those who lived in areas of high unemployment. There were clear associations between labour market precarity and negative well-being. 2. Using data from Young Adults in the Labour Market (1983) and The Changing Structure of Youth Labour Markets (1986), we devised a framework for classifying young people's position in the labour market retrospectively. This was operationalized via the characteristics of each local labour market and on the respondent's then current and/or first labour market position. The labour markets were defined as 'prosperous', 'declining' and 'depressed'. The young people were categorized by 'types of precarity'. We found that at the point of their first/current labour market position, young people were more likely to be traditional employees in prosperous labour markets but that this type of employment declined as the labour market conditions deteriorated. Those in the depressed labour markets were less likely to be in traditional employment and most likely to belong to the deep precariat group. However, considering precarity alone young people were more likely to be in the deep precariat group than the shallow across all the labour market types. 3. Much of the literature on precarity carries an assumption that the phenomenon is relatively new; predating the recent recession by around a decade but severely accelerated by recession. Using the same definitions of precarity to compare the legacy data with USoc, we found that levels of precarity among young people in the 1980s were very similar (55% in either deep or shallow precarity in the 1980s compared to 57% today). The key difference being that more young people in the 1980s were workless rather than in insecure forms of employment. 4. Repurposing original interview schedules from past 'legacy project' offers much analytical potential but is also a complex and often problematic approach to research. Complexities include: i) coding errors, inconsistencies in the use of terms, definitions and abbreviations; ii) usability mediated by the clarity of handwriting; iii) the absence of contextual information makes data interpretation more challenging. While none of these complexities in and of themselves limit the overall value of the legacy data, each took considerable time to resolve. This needs to be considered fully by future secondary analysts. |
Exploitation Route | We envisage that the findings and data may be taken forward by ourselves and others in numerous ways. First, we have created, for the first time since their original collection, two complete datasets from the 'legacy' projects - Young Adults in the Labour Market (1983) and The Changing Structure of Youth Labour Markets (1986). These datasets will be deposited in the UK Data archive for wider research use thus enabling further engagement with 'original data'. Second, our findings have fed into various dissemination and engagement events with academics, practitioners, employers and policymakers. The dissemination activities will continue via normal academic channels (publications, book launch, conferences) and continued attendance at public engagement events. Third, the findings have relevance for the academic and policy communities given that our results question existing assumptions relating to the longevity of the 'precarity phenomenon'. This has implications for policy formation especially relating to youth employment in times of economic hardship. Finally, the experiences of combining legacy and contemporary data have significant implications for research practice and secondary analysis. Our experiences have been translated into research training activities and offer significant potential for future training and the promotion of secondary analysis of existing data. |
Sectors | Communities and Social Services/Policy Education Government Democracy and Justice Other |
Description | This project combined a contemporary dataset, Understanding Society, with two 'historical' datasets from the 1980s, to explore the research question - In what ways have the experiences of unemployed, insecure and vulnerable 18-25 year-olds changed between two key periods of economic instability in the UK? Combining historical and contemporary data presented a number of challenges. For example, repurposing historic interview schedules from past 'legacy projects' is a complex, often problematic, approach to research. Complexities include: i) coding errors, inconsistencies in the use of terms, definitions, abbreviations; ii) usability and clarity of handwriting; iii) the absence of contextual information inhibiting data interpretation. These complexities took considerable time to resolve. This needs to be considered by future secondary analysts given the potential lead time between preparation, analysis and impact. As such this remains an on-going project and we are just beginning to engage directly with policy makers and stakeholders. We have presented papers and organized activities for policy makers, practitioners (e.g. government officials, mental health practitioners etc.) and academics. Examples include: • 'Effective policy approaches to youth and young adulthood: perspectives, issues and some priorities for youth policy', Keynote for debate on Young Adult Policy for Israel, Jerusalem 27th May 2014. Audience of 150 policy makers. • 'Towards a Better Understanding of Youth Marginalization', Columbia University and the United Nations, March 2014. A presentation to 400 policy makers and academics which helped shape the first global forum. • Future trends in youth research, opening plenary at the joint regional conference on Governing Youth in South Asia, Kathmandu, September 2013. A presentation to 100 academics from South Asia. • 'Young people, the economic crisis and its aftermath: temporary episode or new reality?', keynote, European Sociological Association, Turin, August 2013. A presentation to 400 academics. • Invited expert (Furlong) at First Global Forum on Youth Policies, United Nations (UNDP, UNESCO and Secretary General's Special Envoy on Youth) and Council of Europe, Azerbaijan, 28-30th Oct 2014. Audience of 600 policy makers. • Presentation to the Scottish DTC Graduate School Summer School to train postgraduates in secondary data analysis and showcased the UK national data archive to 100 postgraduate students. • 'The Making of the Precariat'. Presentation to members of National Institute for Careers Education and Counselling, University of Derby, May 2014. • Public Engagement Lecture. Presentation to the public as part of the Social Worlds Project lecture series organised for the ESRC Festival of Social Science (November 2014). • Project dissemination event: 'The Making of the Precariat: Unemployment, Insecurity and Work Poor Young Adults' (July 2014). Audience included: academics, public sector professionals and PhD students who gave presentations (capacity building activity). • LLAKES Research Conference, SOAS: The crisis for contemporary youth: opportunities and civic values in comparative, longitudinal and inter-generational perspective (June 2015) • 'Fieldnotes, Marginalia and Paradata in Youth Employment Restudies, 1960-1985' - 'Researching Relationships Across Generations and Through Time' University of Leeds, June 2015 • RC33 Research Methods Conference 2016 - Our expertise in secondary analysis, has led to us being awarded the International Sociological Association RC33 Research Conference, University of Leicester, September 2016. Publications and Other Outputs We have also produced a number of outputs from the research which will generate more impact once published and disseminated widely via planned public launch events and engagement with policy makers: Two fully digitized datasets of previously unavailable data on youth employment. These will be made available via the UK data archive: • Young Adults in the Labour Market (Full digital dataset). • The Changing Structure of Youth Labour Markets (Full digital dataset). • Furlong, A., Goodwin, J., O'Connor, H., et al (2015) Young People in the Labour market: Past, Present, Future. London: Routledge (book). A further, edited interdisciplinary volume based on the secondary analysis of historical datasets used in this research is also in press: • Edwards, R., Goodwin, J., O'Connor, H. and Phoenix, A. (2016) Working with Paradata, Marginalia and Fieldnotes: The Centrality of By-Products of Social Research. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar (book). More broadly two members of the research team have progressed from this project to more senior, full-time research roles elsewhere within the institution and our research emerging from this project has been selected as an impact case study for REF2020. |
First Year Of Impact | 2015 |
Sector | Education |
Impact Types | Societal Economic |
Description | BA/Leverhulme Small Research Grant application |
Amount | £9,190 (GBP) |
Funding ID | SG153070 |
Organisation | The British Academy |
Sector | Academic/University |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 03/2016 |
End | 04/2018 |
Title | The Changing Structure of Youth Labour Markets (Full dataset) |
Description | Full dataset not previoulsy available covering full range of questions. This research was funded by the Department of Employment in 1984/6 and was not previoulsy deposited in any national archive Will be deposited in SPSS format. |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | The dataset will be deposited shortly for others to use. |
URL | http://ukyouthresearch.wordpress.com/the-making-of-the-precariat/historical-data/ |
Title | Young Adults in the Labour Market (Full Dataset) |
Description | Full dataset not previoulsy available covering full range of questions, including event history analysis. Will be deposited in SPSS format. |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | The data will be deposited to the data archive shortly. |
URL | http://ukyouthresearch.wordpress.com/the-making-of-the-precariat/historical-data/ |
Description | 'Towards a Better Understanding of Youth Marginalization', Columbia University and the United Nations, March 2014 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | This was an invited talk to Columbia University and the United Nations which helped shape the first global forum Helped shape the first global forum |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
Description | 'Young people, the economic crisis and its aftermath: temporary episode or new reality?' |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
Results and Impact | Plenary paper presented at the ESA conference, Turin There was a whole range of questions from a variety of participants |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
Description | Effective policy approaches to youth and young adulthood: perspectives, issues and some priorities for youth policy, Keynote for debate on Young Adult Policy for Israel, The Knesset, Jerusalem 27th May 2014 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | This was a talk in the national legislature of Israel. Not known |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
Description | Future trends in youth research, opening plenary at the joint regional conference on Governing Youth in South Asia, Kathmandu, September 2013 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
Results and Impact | Not yet knownn Not known |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
Description | Invited expert at First Global Forum on Youth Policies, United Nations (UNDP, UNESCO and Secretary General's Special Envoy on Youth) and Council of Europe, Azerbaijan, 28-30th Oct 2014 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Andy Furlong was an invited expert at the First Global Forum on Youth Policies, United Nations (UNDP, UNESCO and Secretary General's Special Envoy on Youth) and Council of Europe, Azerbaijan, 28-30th Oct 2014. Not yet known |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
URL | https://www.youthpolicyforum.org/ |
Description | Public Engagment Lecture - Social Worlds project |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Presented to public as part of the Social Worlds Project Sound Bites mini lecture series on 3-7 November organised for the ESRC Festival of Science. This was a public event in which we had to discuss aspects of the research. We focused on the Leicester textile industry 1960 - 1980s covered in the precariat research. Enaged the public in a debate about the decline of manufacturing. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
URL | http://www2.le.ac.uk/news/blog/2014-archive-1/october/everyday-objects-seen-through-a-fresh-pair-of-... |
Description | Secondary Data Analysis: Using Qualitative and Quantitative Secondary Data (ESRC Scottish DTC) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Presentation to the Scottish Graduate School Summer School on the precariat research to train postgraduates in secondary data analysis. We showcased the UK national data archive and encouraged postgraduates to use real examples from the data archive. The session proved popular and stimulated questions and discussion. The session led students to consider secondary analysis as an approach to research and to consider the value of the National Data Archive. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
URL | http://www.socsciscotland.ac.uk/ |
Description | Social Mobility: Giving Graduate Candidates the Edge |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | The debate, hosted by multinational law firm Norton Rose Fulbright in London, follows a recent report by Alan Milburn MP - the Government's Adviser on social mobility - which shows that elitism is still rife in Britain with many of the top jobs in society being significantly over-represented by individuals who were independently educated. Given Professor O'Connor expertise in precarious work and the labour market she was a invited panel member. Henrietta O'Connor - one of the panellists and a Professor of Sociology at the University of Leicester - said the report by Alan Milburn made for 'depressing reading', but was encouraged by the outcome of the debate. She said: "This was a timely debate given the publication of the report on social mobility earlier this week. It was fascinating to hear the types of strategies being used by graduate employers to actively seek to employ graduates from a wide range of social backgrounds. "It is clear that forward thinking employers are as engaged as universities in recognising that future leaders come from a wide and diverse range of backgrounds and are increasingly embedding recruitment strategies designed to appeal to all graduates and not just an elite few." The debate engaged employers, policy makers and careers professional and enhanced understanding of labour market issues facing young people in relation to social mobility, job security and transitions to employment. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
URL | http://leicesterexchanges.com/2014/09/11/social-mobility-giving-graduate-candidates-the-edge/ |
Description | Social mobility - realising ambitions |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | The University of Leicester hosted a lively debate on Social Mobility - Realising Ambitions at the sleek central London offices of Teach First, an independent charity which recruits more than 1,200 graduates per year to train as teachers in disadvantaged schools, on Thursday, March 13. The organisation was ranked fourth in the Times Top 100 Graduate Employers list for 2012/13. Professor O'Connor was an invited participant given her expertise in precarious work. Questions and comments were put to the panel by recruiters from Civil Service Fast Stream, Enterprise Rent-A-Car and law firm Clifford Chance, as well as university staff from Greenwich School of Management and the University's own Career Development Service and Division of External Relations. The audience reflected on their own recruitment practices and the way that these operated to block certain groups of disadvantaged young people progressing in the labour market. This panel led to the civil service attending the later panel http://leicesterexchanges.com/2014/09/11/social-mobility-giving-graduate-candidates-the-edge/ |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
URL | http://leicesterexchanges.com/2014/03/19/social-mobility/ |
Description | The Making of the Precariat. |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Lecture to National Institute for Careers Education and Counselling Links between precarious work and careers education and counselling were explored. Further engagement followed. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
Description | The making of the 'precariat': unemployment, insecurity and work-poor young adults in harsh economic conditions |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
Results and Impact | This was a presentation at an ESRC Network Event. The presentation led to a better understanding of projects funded as part of the secondary data analysis initiative. The event focused on sharing good practice. The sharing of good practice. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
Description | The making of the 'precariat': unemployment, insecurity and work-poor young adults in harsh economic conditions. |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
Results and Impact | Paper at the Journal of Youth Studies Conference, University of Glasgow, April 2013. Dissemination of information relating to the research. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |