Which burglary security devices work for whom and in what context?
Lead Research Organisation:
Nottingham Trent University
Department Name: Sch of Social Sciences
Abstract
Domestic burglary is a high volume crime affecting many households. As well as substantial financial loss and damage to property, it causes high levels of anxiety about the possibility of being burgled. Surveys documenting public priorities about crime place burglary at the top. Burglar alarms and other security devices in principle deter potential burglars. Insurance premiums are discounted when a fully operating burglar alarm exists in the home due to claims about the effectiveness of burglar alarms and other security devices in the marketing literature, but no systematic research studies have been undertaken to assess their effectiveness in different areas, accommodation types and occupants' characteristics. The research proposed is precisely concerned with such an assessment. The primary research question is: Which burglary security devices work for whom and in what context?
This study will identify the individual and combined security devices that offer cost-effective burglary protection to (a) the population in England and Wales overall; (b) specific population subgroups according to their socio-economic attributes; (c) the residents of Wales, each of the nine English regions and area types according to population socio-demographic profile and density; and (d) area types and population subgroups plausible combinations.
The urgency to gain insights about the cost-effectiveness of burglary devices for tailor-made preventive interventions cannot be exaggerated: at a time of massive public spending cuts and declining disposable incomes the latest Home Office figures show a 14% annual increase in domestic burglary in 2010/11 after an extended (fifteen years) period of falls (Chaplin et al. 2011). The Department for Communities and Local Government (2012) has recently highlighted the need of research evidence on cost-effective burglary security devices to inform the on-going deliberation on national building regulation for minimum standards for security in homes.
The proposed research will:
-Make a major scientific contribution with immediate and high societal and economic impact. Its theoretical and methodological advancements will inform future research developments in criminology. The current gap in knowledge impedes cost-effective burglary prevention not just in the UK but across the world at a time that wasteful financial decisions are unaffordable.
-Engage throughout with high level research users in the public sector and civil society organisations and inform national and international guidelines on burglary prevention. The research results will be regularly conveyed to users in the private sector (the security and insurance industry) who however will not contribute to their development to avoid conflict of interest.
-Analyse two decades of a formidable existing data source, the British Crime Survey (BCS). The BCS is a large and complex dataset with currently some 40,000 respondents annually that exists in the public domain, and has been run for three decades. Yet, relative to both data generation cost and its impeccable quality, it has been extremely under-explored.
-Employ innovative research techniques for the deeper exploitation of the BCS, including the Security Impact Assessment Tool, pioneered by the co-applicants with ESRC support to assess the effectiveness of car security devices, as well as the multivariate multilevel logit modelling, to investigate the effect of context on trends of related crime types.
-Build the national skills base in the analysis of large and complex datasets and expand the limited secondary data analysis capacity in criminology via actively seeking to employ a full time researcher from disciplines (mathematics, statistics, sciences or engineering) beyond traditional BCS users.
Therefore the proposed research fits the ESRC-SDAI call specification. The co-applicants' theoretical, methodological and policy contribution to date ensure its successful delivery.
This study will identify the individual and combined security devices that offer cost-effective burglary protection to (a) the population in England and Wales overall; (b) specific population subgroups according to their socio-economic attributes; (c) the residents of Wales, each of the nine English regions and area types according to population socio-demographic profile and density; and (d) area types and population subgroups plausible combinations.
The urgency to gain insights about the cost-effectiveness of burglary devices for tailor-made preventive interventions cannot be exaggerated: at a time of massive public spending cuts and declining disposable incomes the latest Home Office figures show a 14% annual increase in domestic burglary in 2010/11 after an extended (fifteen years) period of falls (Chaplin et al. 2011). The Department for Communities and Local Government (2012) has recently highlighted the need of research evidence on cost-effective burglary security devices to inform the on-going deliberation on national building regulation for minimum standards for security in homes.
The proposed research will:
-Make a major scientific contribution with immediate and high societal and economic impact. Its theoretical and methodological advancements will inform future research developments in criminology. The current gap in knowledge impedes cost-effective burglary prevention not just in the UK but across the world at a time that wasteful financial decisions are unaffordable.
-Engage throughout with high level research users in the public sector and civil society organisations and inform national and international guidelines on burglary prevention. The research results will be regularly conveyed to users in the private sector (the security and insurance industry) who however will not contribute to their development to avoid conflict of interest.
-Analyse two decades of a formidable existing data source, the British Crime Survey (BCS). The BCS is a large and complex dataset with currently some 40,000 respondents annually that exists in the public domain, and has been run for three decades. Yet, relative to both data generation cost and its impeccable quality, it has been extremely under-explored.
-Employ innovative research techniques for the deeper exploitation of the BCS, including the Security Impact Assessment Tool, pioneered by the co-applicants with ESRC support to assess the effectiveness of car security devices, as well as the multivariate multilevel logit modelling, to investigate the effect of context on trends of related crime types.
-Build the national skills base in the analysis of large and complex datasets and expand the limited secondary data analysis capacity in criminology via actively seeking to employ a full time researcher from disciplines (mathematics, statistics, sciences or engineering) beyond traditional BCS users.
Therefore the proposed research fits the ESRC-SDAI call specification. The co-applicants' theoretical, methodological and policy contribution to date ensure its successful delivery.
Planned Impact
Burglary has both financial and intangible costs to individuals, local communities and society in general. Costs include, for example, immediate losses, damage to property, distress and days lost from work. This research has been designed to inform future policy guidelines in ways that could lead to considerable financial savings and produce direct benefits to the following groups:
- Local authorities as housing providers and as responsible members of Crime Reduction Partnerships, working more effectively and efficiently to discharge their responsibilities
- Private and housing association landlords, working more effectively and efficiently to improve security of tenants
- Victims and repeat victims of burglary, by informing them of how best to reduce their future risks
- All households, by informing them of cost effective security investments
- The insurance industry, by enabling them to offer incentives for households who actively seek to reduce their risk by taking effective security measures;
- The security industry, by enabling them to improve products and better target them according to clients' socio-economic and area profiles
- Public information by suggesting improvements to the household security questions of the Crime Prevention Module of the British Crime Survey; and
- Public policy by informing the Department for Communities and Local Government on minimum standards for home security.
In an indirect way the proposed research will also benefit:
- The police, by reducing workloads (and thus costs) through reduced burglary and by enabling more informed advice to be given to community members on general and burglary victims in particular
- The society at large, by reducing burglary and its impact;
- The economy, via increased tax revenues (from the decline of illegal markets due to weak stolen products' supplies).
Public engagement at the start-up, intermediate and final stages of the proposed research has been planned to maximise its impact to all research users groups (see Pathways to Impact). In addition users from the public and voluntary sectors will be actively involved in the development of the research throughout its duration via the work of high ranking representatives who have agreed to participate in the Advisory Committee (see Pathways to Impact, Case for Support and Project Partners).
Criminology is currently undersupplied with trained secondary data analysts. This is a particular problem: there is a wealth of existing large and complex datasets. Their deeper examination would offer invaluable theoretical insights and assist crime prevention and criminal justice policy. An important outcome from our research will be to increase that capacity within criminology via employing an RA from another discipline and training her /him to undertake secondary data and advanced statistical analyses on the British Crime Survey data.
As seen in their respective CVs members of the research team already enjoy close contacts with and serve in bodies responsible for crime measurement and prevention. They are thus accustomed to communicating findings to non-specialists in ways that draw out their policy and practice significance. Past work has already had a substantial impact. For example, Farrell's work on repeat victimisation has found its way into routine policy and practice. Grove's recent work on heritage crime has received substantial media coverage. Tseloni's work has played a pivotal part in official reports of crime statistics and patterns. Tilley wrote the original guidance for analysis for the Crime and Disorder Act (Hough and Tilley 1998) and his work on problem-oriented policing and partnership has likewise had a substantial impact on the work of local police services and partnerships.
- Local authorities as housing providers and as responsible members of Crime Reduction Partnerships, working more effectively and efficiently to discharge their responsibilities
- Private and housing association landlords, working more effectively and efficiently to improve security of tenants
- Victims and repeat victims of burglary, by informing them of how best to reduce their future risks
- All households, by informing them of cost effective security investments
- The insurance industry, by enabling them to offer incentives for households who actively seek to reduce their risk by taking effective security measures;
- The security industry, by enabling them to improve products and better target them according to clients' socio-economic and area profiles
- Public information by suggesting improvements to the household security questions of the Crime Prevention Module of the British Crime Survey; and
- Public policy by informing the Department for Communities and Local Government on minimum standards for home security.
In an indirect way the proposed research will also benefit:
- The police, by reducing workloads (and thus costs) through reduced burglary and by enabling more informed advice to be given to community members on general and burglary victims in particular
- The society at large, by reducing burglary and its impact;
- The economy, via increased tax revenues (from the decline of illegal markets due to weak stolen products' supplies).
Public engagement at the start-up, intermediate and final stages of the proposed research has been planned to maximise its impact to all research users groups (see Pathways to Impact). In addition users from the public and voluntary sectors will be actively involved in the development of the research throughout its duration via the work of high ranking representatives who have agreed to participate in the Advisory Committee (see Pathways to Impact, Case for Support and Project Partners).
Criminology is currently undersupplied with trained secondary data analysts. This is a particular problem: there is a wealth of existing large and complex datasets. Their deeper examination would offer invaluable theoretical insights and assist crime prevention and criminal justice policy. An important outcome from our research will be to increase that capacity within criminology via employing an RA from another discipline and training her /him to undertake secondary data and advanced statistical analyses on the British Crime Survey data.
As seen in their respective CVs members of the research team already enjoy close contacts with and serve in bodies responsible for crime measurement and prevention. They are thus accustomed to communicating findings to non-specialists in ways that draw out their policy and practice significance. Past work has already had a substantial impact. For example, Farrell's work on repeat victimisation has found its way into routine policy and practice. Grove's recent work on heritage crime has received substantial media coverage. Tseloni's work has played a pivotal part in official reports of crime statistics and patterns. Tilley wrote the original guidance for analysis for the Crime and Disorder Act (Hough and Tilley 1998) and his work on problem-oriented policing and partnership has likewise had a substantial impact on the work of local police services and partnerships.
Organisations
- Nottingham Trent University (Lead Research Organisation)
- OFFICE FOR NATIONAL STATISTICS (Collaboration)
- University of Surrey (Collaboration)
- Home Office (Collaboration)
- UNIVERSITY OF NORTHAMPTON (Collaboration)
- Police Crime Prevention Iniatives (Collaboration)
- Humberside Police (Collaboration)
- University of Huddersfield (Collaboration)
- West Yorkshire Police (Collaboration)
- Nottinghamshire Police Authority (Project Partner)
- Nottingham Police Force (Project Partner)
- Home Office (Project Partner)
- Victim Support (Project Partner)
- HOME OFFICE (Project Partner)
- Neighbourhood and Home Watch Network (Project Partner)
- Association of Chief Police Officers (Project Partner)
- NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL (Project Partner)
- Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (Project Partner)
Publications
Andresen M
(2015)
The Criminal Act
Clarke R
(2015)
The Criminal Act
Dixon A
(2020)
Age-period-cohort effects in half a century of motor vehicle theft in the United States.
in Crime science
Farrell G
(2015)
The Criminal Act
Farrell G
(2013)
The Crime Drop and the General Social Survey
in Canadian Public Policy
Farrell G
(2016)
On the origins of the crime drop: vehicle crime and security in the 1980s.
in The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice
Farrell G
(2014)
Why the Crime Drop?
in Crime and Justice
Farrell G
(2018)
Homicide in Canada and the crime drop.
in Crime science
Farrell G
(2020)
Further rejection of the cybercrime hypothesis
in Crime Science
Farrell G
(2015)
Preventing phone theft and robbery: the need for government action and international coordination
in Crime Science
Description | The first part of the research undertaken at Nottingham Trent University produced significant new knowledge about the effectiveness of individual burglary security devices and their most common combinations in domestic properties across England and Wales. Prior to this project security devices were grouped together or analysis was conducted simply on the basis of presence or absence of, say, a burglar alarm with little or no regard for whether other devices were in place and, if so, exactly which ones. An extensive list of devices was examined here: Burglar alarm; CCTV; Door double locks or deadlocks; Dummy alarm box; External lights on a timer or sensor; Indoor lights on a timer or sensor; Security chains; Window bars or Grilles; and Windows locks. This study found that the above devices, if available individually, confer up to three times greater protection against burglary-with-entry than no security. Burglar alarms and dummy alarms however are a noteworthy exception: They confer less protection against burglary than no security. Multiple security devices afford up to roughly 50 times more protection than no security. The burglary protection conferred, however, does not consistently increase with the number of devices that make up the configurations. Fitting external lights on a sensor seems to provide greatest protection against any burglary if only one devise can be afforded. Door locks and external lights or window and door locks are effective pairs. Locks together with external lights or security chains protect more than most combinations of four or more devices. Two quadruplets: CCTV, window and door locks and security chains; or lights and locks confer the highest total protection consistently over time. From a policy perspective the combination of external and internal lights and window and door locks (WIDE) is the cheapest and safer target hardening option against burglary given the high cost of CCTV and potential fire hazard posed by security chains. The findings opened up new research questions: Do alarms diminish the overall burglary protection conferred by security configurations which include them? What are the mechanisms that make alarms counter-productive in burglary prevention? Under what conditions can they be fit for purpose? New research networks were formed with researchers from the Observatoire National de la Délinquance et des Réponses Pénales who independently identified a counter-productive function of burglar alarms using French crime survey data; experts on Secured By Design from the University of Huddersfield who seek to understand these findings via examining the perspective of burglars; and the Health and Wellbeing Network. The effectiveness of the security devices was gauged via the Security Impact Assessment Tool (SIAT), a new methodology developed in an earlier ESRC-funded project. The SIAT was improved in this project via examining a larger number of devices than previously. The work identified that SIAT is inappropriate for over-time comparisons of the effectiveness of security prior to 1998 due to security information changes in the data. Finally new research skills and capability were developed from training successive Research Staff and the delegates of the National Socio-Legal Training Day. |
Exploitation Route | The findings can be taken forward via: • Burglary target hardening improvements to domestic properties by home owners and social and private landlords; • Burglary target hardening interventions and raising awareness initiatives undertaken by: Core City Chief Executives and their Crime Reduction or Community Safety Partnerships, Police and Crime Commissioners, Local Authorities (LAs) or Councils, Police Forces, the Neighbourhood and Home Watch Network, Victim Support, National Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) Secured By Design, ACPO Burglary Lead, the Home Office, The National Landlords Association, Residents Associations, and Student Unions with regards to student accommodation target hardening; • National policy guidelines / planning and building regulations for 'secure homes' provided by the Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG); • Insurance industry financial incentives for home owners and landlords to fit effective security devices; • National guidelines and regulations for responsible landlords accreditation and social housing standards provided by the DCLG and LAs; • Providing training to academics and non-academics to use the new methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of other measures against different crime types, policy initiatives or outcomes; • Addressing the new research questions that this study opened up; and • Improving the Crime Survey for England and Wales data undertaken by the ONS. |
Sectors | Communities and Social Services/Policy Construction Financial Services and Management Consultancy Government Democracy and Justice |
URL | http://www.palgrave-journals.com/sj/journal/vaop/ncurrent/abs/sj201430a.html |
Description | The research interim findings were disseminated to crime prevention practitioners at both national and local levels via their participation in the project's Advisory Committee (AC) which held workshops at regular intervals. The public and voluntary sector organisations which contributed to the project via the AC included the following: • National Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO), former and current Burglary ACPO Leads, and police forces who fed back findings to the police; • ACPO Secured by Design, Home Office's Designing Out Crime team, and the Centre for Applied Science and Technology's Crime Prevention and Community Safety team who dealt with issues of building design, security-related building regulations, social and private rented property standards, accreditation and general crime prevention policies; • Neighbourhood and Home Watch Network for England and Wales, and Victim Support, who both provided feedback to home owners/victims, and endorsed the WIDE protection approach; • Nottingham Crime and Drugs Partnership (NCDP), Nottingham City Homes, and Nottinghamshire Police who in collaboration with the project's PI piloted the findings (see next) with the view to rolling them out as minimum security standards requirements for social and private rented property across the city and dealt with security upgrades to the city's social housing; and • Office for National Statistics, who received feedback on BCS/CSEW questionnaire design improvements for gauging additional information on security, guardianship and burglary victimisation nationally. In addition to the Advisory Committee of Stakeholders and Experts (see above) the project team employed the following collaborative and engagement mechanisms: • Briefing Notes, Summary Reports and Press Releases; • Briefing Notes and Summary Reports; • Blog and Twitter accounts for continuous postings/opinion exchanges; • Radio/TV interviews, newspaper postings, articles in practitioners newsletters and magazines; • Oral Evidence on the crime drop taken before the House of Commons Justice Committee on 'Crime reduction policies: A co-ordinated approach?'(28.1.2014) • Participation in Local Crime and Safety Partnerships Board meetings; • Presenting findings in (non-academic) practitioners/policy conferences; • Public responses to the Department of Communities and Local Government (DCLG) consultation on planning and building regulations; • Working with national policy representatives and in designing the Nottingham target hardening pilot based upon the project's methodology and findings (see below & next section); and • One-day end of project non-academic conference (see later discussion). Details can be found in the Portfolio of outcomes section on Researchfish. The research increased the effectiveness of public services and policy via cost-effective crime prevention, enhanced quality of life via crime and fear of crime reduction, and contributed to improving the economic competitiveness of the United Kingdom via applying the same innovative methodology to shop theft and other property crimes. The following discussion details the impact generated from this research to date: One immediate impact is changing the attitudes of the police forces, crime and safety partnerships, and the voluntary organisations which participated in the Advisory Committee, such as the Neighbourhood and Home Watch Network (NHWN), ACPO Burglary Lead, the Home Office and Victim Support, with regards to recommending burglar alarms as an effective anti-burglary device. The research evidence for the effectiveness of Secured by Design (SBD) standard provided by the AC and the Investigators to the DCLG's planning and building regulations review (summer 2013) influenced the DCLG new planning and building regulations which retained the SBD standard. As mentioned, the findings were used for a target hardening pilot project in Nottingham, a demonstration project to implement and test the effectiveness of the window and door locks, internal and external lights (WIDE) security combination recommended by the research as the most effective and 'best value' combination. The pilot was led by the Nottingham Crime and Drugs Partnership (NCDP) involving local police and housing services. Drawing on the research's findings and the theory of repeat and near repeat victimisation, the pilot project undertook a randomised experiment across four appropriately selected areas of Nottingham. The NCDP offered free of charge WIDE security upgrades to the burgled properties as well as up to 20 houses surrounding the targeted property to the side, front and back in the test areas. After an initial visit and assessment by the Crime Prevention Team the work was undertaken by the city council's ALMO housing provider, Nottingham City Homes, using Secured By Design windows and doors and external solar-powered lights. Burglary victims in the control area receive a similar visit and assessment from the crime prevention team, but then receive only advice. In order to maintain the integrity of the design there was no media coverage of the pilot. The pilot was launched September 2014 and is due to be evaluated 12 months following the end of the intervention which lasted roughly five months. The duration was determined by the available NCDP budget allocated for covering the cost of the security upgrades offered in the two trial areas of the city. Therefore the Nottingham target hardening pilot project at the time of writing this cannot be evaluated and the practical and financial impact from burglary reduction of the WIDE security combination implemented has yet to be tested. It has already had however the following positive outcomes: • Provided robust and tested physical security to past areas of repeat burglary; • Replaced poor windows and doors to homes that either had been targeted or were a potential one; • Replaced poor windows for home owners who couldn't afford to replace windows that could not lock or close properly; and • Reduced the fear of crime and enhanced public reassurance. As a result of the Nottingham target hardening pilot planning discussions during the Nottingham Crime and Drugs Partnership Board meetings (summer 2013 to spring 2014) the following societal and (considering savings from crime reduction) economic impacts were generated: • The University of Nottingham now requires the privately rented student accommodation to be WIDE secured; • The Nottinghamshire Police Force and the Nottingham City Council launched a burglary target hardening campaign, via the Nottingham City Transport Bus Advertising (on certain routes) the project's finding that door and window locks, external and internal lights offer the most efficient protection against burglars. Neighbouring cities, for example Leicester, have undertaken the same initiative; and • The Nottingham City Council established minimum security standards requirements for rented property across the city. The Neighbourhood and Home Watch Network (NHWN) adopted the project's main findings in an infographic. This was designed by the NHWN team and presented to the Home Office and the Minister of Crime Prevention, L. Featherstone, who showed great interest and required further discussions. The infographic also included overleaf the Tseloni et al. (2014) academic journal article's executive summary and URL (http://www.palgrave-journals.com/sj/journal/vaop/ncurrent/abs/sj201430a.html). The research results have been used at regional and national NHWN associates meetings and they are incorporated in the NHWN business plan. The project's methodology was: • Used for testing newsagents' security against shoplifting and the project's findings were discussed in a Policy Exchange Report (http://www.policyexchange.org.uk/publications/category/item/taking-its-toll-the-regressive-impact-of-property-crime-in-britain); • Included in a Knowledge Transfer Partnership on shop theft between Nottingham Trent University and the NCDP and the Nottinghamshire Police and Crime Commissioner (KTP009423); and • Disseminated at the National socio-legal training day: Sources and Methods in Criminology and Criminal Justice. Institute of Advanced Legal Studies. Finally the end of project conference (21.1.2015), including the Nottinghamshire Police and Crime Commissioner, Paddy Tipping, and Chief Supt Alex Murray, West Midlands Police and Founder and Chair of the Society of Evidence-Based Policing as speakers, focussed on how to both communicate findings to the public and take them forward to influence security awareness and improvements amongst various stakeholders including: • security/insurance/building sector organisations; • DIY chains, Lock and Window industry reps and security testing organisations; • National Landlords Association, Residents Associations, and student unions with regards to student accommodation; • Core City Chief Executives and their community safety partnerships; • Association of Police and Crime Commissioners; • Local authorities. Delegates included the Advisory Committee members (please see earlier discussion), representatives of the Police Foundation, Police Forces around the country, local councils and others. For a full list of the project's AC membership and the end of project Burglary and Security conference Programme, Delegate list, Speakers, Presentations (except that on the Nottingham pilot for confidentiality), Roundtable Discussion Outcomes, and other information please see the project's website: http://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/socialsciences/research/projects/burglarysecurity/. In 2019 the findings of the project were used to inform the Residential Burglary Taskforce and the Safer Streets Fund which aims to re-enact and further residential burglary falls. |
First Year Of Impact | 2013 |
Sector | Communities and Social Services/Policy,Construction,Government, Democracy and Justice |
Impact Types | Societal Economic Policy & public services |
Description | "Comments on the case for change to criterion (a), Government Review of the Decent Homes Standard, Part 1." Report submitted to the MHCLG Decent Homes Review, Non-Core Participant 26 Feb. |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Membership of a guideline committee |
Description | BSC National socio-legal training |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
URL | http://ials.sas.ac.uk/library/socio-legal_national_workshops.htm |
Description | Burglary Play Book - NPCC Burglary Lead |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
Description | Bus advertisement to nudge burglary security |
Geographic Reach | Local/Municipal/Regional |
Policy Influence Type | Citation in other policy documents |
Impact | Domestic burglary is the second fastest falling crime type in the city at a period of stable burglary rates nationally Nottingham has dropped six places for Serious Acquisitive Crime (predominately domestic burglary) across the Most Similar Family |
Description | Citation in Coop Insurance press release |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Implementation circular/rapid advice/letter to e.g. Ministry of Health |
URL | http://www.ourwatch.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/A-portrait-of-the-modern-British-community.pdf |
Description | Citation in Modern Crime Prevention Strategy, Home Office, March 2016 |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Citation in other policy documents |
URL | https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/509831/6.1770_Modern_Crime... |
Description | Discussion of the project 's theoretical base in Australian Government Report |
Geographic Reach | Australia |
Policy Influence Type | Citation in other policy documents |
Impact | The security hypothesis for the crime drop proposed and tested by the project' s team in an earlier ESRC research (for car crime) and the current ones (for burglary and violence) and has been confirmed by offenders interviews in Australia. |
URL | http://aic.gov.au/publications/current%20series/tandi/481-500/tandi495.html |
Description | Discussion of the project 's theoretical base in a Home Office Discussion paper |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Citation in other policy documents |
Impact | The Home Office has included opportunity and security as a driver for crime and recognised that the crime falls are the impact of better and more widespread security adopted by the public rather than specific policies. |
URL | https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/398865/Opportunity_securit... |
Description | Discussion with Behavioural Crime Prevention Lead, Neighbourhood Crime Unit, Public Safety Group, Home Office |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Contribution to new or Improved professional practice |
Description | Discussions with GMP on burglary prevention initiatives |
Geographic Reach | Local/Municipal/Regional |
Policy Influence Type | Contribution to new or Improved professional practice |
Impact | Efficient burglary prevention |
Description | Enforcing and publicising home security improvements in Nottingham |
Geographic Reach | Local/Municipal/Regional |
Policy Influence Type | Implementation circular/rapid advice/letter to e.g. Ministry of Health |
Impact | The Nottingham City Council established minimum security standards requirements for rented property across the city after their participation at the end of project Burglary and Security Conference (21.1.2014). In addition the University of Nottingham established requirements for the privately rented student accommodation to be WIDE secured immediately after hearing the project's findings during the target hardening pilot planning discussions at the Nottingham Crime and Drugs Partnership Board meetings by the PI. The Nottinghamshire Police Force and the Nottingham City Council launched a burglary target hardening campaign, via the Nottingham City Transport Bus Advertising (on certain routes) the project's finding that door and window locks, external and internal lights offer the most efficient protection against burglars. Neighbouring cities, for example Leicester, have undertaken the same initiative. The above regulations and publicity would reduce burglaries in Nottingham and Leicester overall and especially against Nottingham's private renters and students. |
URL | http://www.nottmstudents.com/leave-burglars-in-the-dark-this-winter/ |
Description | Head of Business Development, Crimestoppers Trust crime prevention advice |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Contribution to new or Improved professional practice |
Description | Home Office Modern Crime Prevention Strategy |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Citation in other policy documents |
Impact | By focussing on reducing opportunities for crime the Home Office highlghted preventive methods to tackle this problem. |
URL | https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/5098... |
Description | Influenced discussion of Crime & Safety Partnership |
Geographic Reach | Local/Municipal/Regional |
Policy Influence Type | Membership of a guideline committee |
Impact | Response to the Nottingham Crime and Drugs Partnership: Strategic Assessment 2017 draft & Partnership Plan which offered a more focussed depiction of crime issues in the city. A well- defined identification of a problem is the first step in solving it. 22 Nov. |
Description | Informed and influenced analysis (security measurement) of a Policy Exchange research |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
URL | http://www.policyexchange.org.uk/publications/category/item/taking-its-toll-the-regressive-impact-of... |
Description | Leicestershire Police and South Yorkshire Police front-line officers briefed re: research findings and shared with Crime Reduction Officer. Research findings inform advice to public |
Geographic Reach | Local/Municipal/Regional |
Policy Influence Type | Implementation circular/rapid advice/letter to e.g. Ministry of Health |
URL | https://leicspolice.wordpress.com/tag/farm-watch/ |
Description | Neighbourhood and Home Watch Network (NHWN) infographic on project's main findings to the Minister of Crime Prevention. |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Implementation circular/rapid advice/letter to e.g. Ministry of Health |
Impact | The Neighbourhood and Home Watch Network (NHWN) adopted the project's main findings in an info-graphic. This was designed by the NHWN team and presented to the Home Office and the Minister of Crime Prevention, L. Featherstone, who showed great interest and required further discussions. The infographic also included overleaf the Tseloni et al. (2014) academic journal article's executive summary and URL (http://www.palgrave-journals.com/sj/journal/vaop/ncurrent/abs/sj201430a.html). In addition to the research results have been used at regional and national NHWN associates meetings and they are incorporated in the NHWN business plan. |
URL | http://www.ourwatch.org.uk/resource_centre/document_library/neighbourhood_home_watch_network_busines... |
Description | Neighbourhood and Home Watch Network adoption of research findings |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Implementation circular/rapid advice/letter to e.g. Ministry of Health |
Impact | Effective burglary prevention disseminated by NW trustees and local associates nationally. |
URL | http://www.ourwatch.org.uk/uploads/general/WIDE_Infographic.pdf |
Description | Pilot Burglary Target Hardening in Nottingham |
Geographic Reach | Local/Municipal/Regional |
Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
Impact | The project findings were used for a target hardening pilot project in Nottingham, to test the practical effectiveness and cost upgrades of the window and door locks, internal and external lights (WIDE) security combination recommended by the research. The pilot was led by the Nottingham Crime and Drugs Partnership (NCDP) involving the Nottinghamshire Police and the Nottingham City Homes. The pilot was launched September 2014 and is due to be evaluated 12 months following the end of the intervention which lasted roughly five months. Therefore the Nottingham target hardening pilot project at the time of writing is too early to be evaluated. The practical and financial impact from burglary reduction of the WIDE security combination implemented has yet to be tested. It has already had however the following positive outcomes for quality of life from fear of crime reduction, police support to vulnerable citizens and the potential of crime reduction: • Provided robust and tested physical security to past areas of repeat burglary; • Replaced poor windows and doors to homes that either had been targeted or were a potential one; • Replaced poor windows for home owners who couldn't afford to replace windows that could not lock or close properly; and • Reduced the fear of crime and enhanced public reassurance. Domestic burglary is the second fastest falling crime type in the city at a period of stable burglary rates nationally Nottingham has dropped six places for Serious Acquisitive Crime (predominately domestic burglary) across the Most Similar Family |
Description | Reference Group Member I contributed to the revised publication: College of Policing, SBD and PCPI (2021) "Safer Streets Fund - Crime Prevention Toolkit" 2021 |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
Impact | Burlgar alarm and other investments with no good research evidence for their effectivenss as a means to prevent burglaries were discouraged in the Safer Streets Toolkit by the College of Policing. |
URL | https://whatworks.college.police.uk/Research/Documents/Safer_Streets_toolkit.pdf |
Description | Residential Burglary Taskforce |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Implementation circular/rapid advice/letter to e.g. Ministry of Health |
Impact | Quantitative information with regards to householders' protection from burglary of security devices and their combinations was fed into the Residential Burglary Task Force (RBT, co-organised by the Home Office and the National Police Chiefs' Council) which aims to reduce burglary in England and Wales. As a result the Safer Streets Fund was made available to police forces to bid for funds to tackle acquisitive crime (with burglary being the highest component) using target hardening methods. |
Description | Safer Streets Fund |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Citation in other policy documents |
Impact | To assist police forces with developing their thinking and case for bidding for funding to address acquisitive crime in their worse affected areas the Safer Streets Fund (offered to police forces on a competitive platform and administered by the College of Policing and Home Office) has made available a toolkit via the South Yorkshire Knowledge Hub. The toolkit overviews the research evidence on the effectiveness of target hardening interventions against acquisitive crime (including burglary) and provides maps of England and Wales of predicted residential and within forces comparable burglary rates. We developed these maps as an extension of this ESRC-funded project. The section on target hardening relies on the findings and cites the academic publications of this ESRC-funded project. |
URL | https://whatworks.college.police.uk/Research/Pages/Safer_streets.aspx |
Description | Vancouver Town Hall forum on Robbery Prevention |
Geographic Reach | North America |
Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
URL | http://www.bcpharmacists.org/resources/readlinks/articles/467.php |
Description | citation in policy document |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Citation in other policy documents |
URL | http://www.police-foundation.org.uk/uploads/holding/projects/housing_and_crime_final.pdf |
Description | Burglary Impact Research, Home Office |
Amount | £182,929 (GBP) |
Funding ID | RM6018 |
Organisation | Home Office |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 01/2021 |
End | 05/2021 |
Description | East Midlands Police Academic Collaboration |
Amount | £862,620 (GBP) |
Organisation | College of Policing |
Sector | Academic/University |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 03/2016 |
End | 10/2017 |
Description | Evaluation |
Amount | £7,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | Life skills Education |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 03/2015 |
End | 06/2016 |
Description | Exploring the effect of Neighbourhood Watch (area and membership) on crime experiences and perceptions |
Amount | £28,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | Neighbourhood and Home Watch Network |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 04/2019 |
End | 12/2019 |
Description | Knowledge Transfer Partnership |
Amount | £136,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | KTP009423 |
Organisation | Economic and Social Research Council |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 08/2014 |
End | 09/2016 |
Description | Research Project |
Amount | £13,614 (GBP) |
Organisation | Neighbourhood and Home Watch Network |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 03/2018 |
End | 11/2018 |
Description | School Research Panel Funding |
Amount | £1,300 (GBP) |
Organisation | Nottingham Trent University |
Sector | Academic/University |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 02/2017 |
End | 06/2017 |
Description | Secondary Data Analysis Initiative |
Amount | £191,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | ES/P001556/1 |
Organisation | Economic and Social Research Council |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 04/2017 |
End | 10/2018 |
Description | Secondary Data Analysis Initiative Phase 2 |
Amount | £185,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | L014971/1 |
Organisation | Economic and Social Research Council |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 02/2015 |
End | 07/2016 |
Description | Secondary Data Analysis Initiative Phase 4 |
Amount | £189,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | ES/P001556/1 |
Organisation | Economic and Social Research Council |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 06/2017 |
End | 01/2019 |
Title | An interactive policy tool to shape the targeting of burglary reduction initiatives via an enhanced analysis of residential burglary rates at the neighbourhood level |
Description | Predictive neighbourhood level residential burglary maps have been developed that form part of the Safer Streets Fund (SSF) Toolkit which was prepared by the College of Policing and made available in 2020 and 2021 to Police and Crime Commissioners and Local Authorities to aid the development of their funding bids to the Home Office Safer Streets Fund in the respective years. Police forces are provided access to the neighbourhood level predicted burglary maps via the Police Knowledge Hub hosted by South Yorkshire Police, as well as a series of previously non-existent police force area maps enabling analyses at the Output Area level of: (a) police recorded burglaries per 1000 population ; (b) level of police-recorded burglaries relative to police force area burglary average; and (c) burglaries as a share of all acquisitive crime. In order to enable police forces to focus upon the respective burglary indicators within similar localities, the online maps also incorporates the 2011 Output Area Classification. |
Type Of Material | Physiological assessment or outcome measure |
Year Produced | 2020 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | A number of police forces have accessed the burglary maps. Currently ongoing research may establish whether the extent to which usage of these maps informed police forces applications to the Home Office SSF and contributed to successful outcomes. |
URL | https://whatworks.college.police.uk/Research/Documents/Safer_Streets_toolkit.pdf |
Title | Security Impact Assessment Tool |
Description | The Security Impact Assessment Tool (SIAT) is a new methodology developed by three of the co-applicants in their earlier ESRC-funded project and expanded here for testing marginal security effects. If security does not protect from burglary, then the distribution of security devices, including none, would be the same between burgled households and the general population. The SIAT produces 'Security Protection Factors' (SPF's = the odds ratio of burglary risk within households without security with respect to burglary risk within households with security) which measure the protective effect of security. The absence or presence of security for burglary victims was measured at the time of burglary whereas for others at the time of the interview. As an extension, calculating the effect from the absence of a particular device across different security combinations produces the 'Marginal Security Protection Factor' (MSPF's) for that device. This is a new methodological development testing whether individual devices are important additions to security combinations. |
Type Of Material | Data analysis technique |
Year Produced | 2015 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | The preventive power of security and policy intervention can be gauged thanks to this methodology. The methodology has been disseminated in academic and practitioners journal articles. In addition to been used for a Policy Exchange report 'Taking its toll: The regressive impact of property crime in Britain', a researcher from Australia for example got in touch with the team about it. |
Description | Chair of the Office for National Statistics (ONS) Secure Research Service (SRS) Advisory Group and Member of the ONS SRS Impact Working Group |
Organisation | Office for National Statistics |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Private |
PI Contribution | The Office for National Statistics (ONS) Secure Research Service (SRS) recently established an Advisory Group as well as an Impact Working Group that would work closely with SRS staff and act as a critical friend, offering insight on use of the data and service, challenges, ideas and solutions to help build a strong and collaborative research community. |
Collaborator Contribution | Data First datasets are accessible to accredited researchers via the ONS SRS. Therefore, as Data First Academic Lead (and also ONS Research Excellence Award Winner 2019) I have been invited to Chair the Advisory Group and work with ONS SRS for the above aims. ONS SRS, as a Data First partner, contributes to setting up the data access processes and service whilst Data First datasets-based research contributes to ONS impact. |
Impact | None to date except the Data First research fellowships |
Start Year | 2020 |
Description | Collaborative research funding |
Organisation | Home Office |
Department | Home Office Crime Strategy Unit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | This is a joint research project funded by the Home Office that expands the research of the current award to test the impact of burglar alarms to preventing residential burglaries. |
Collaborator Contribution | The University of Huddersfield leads a Home Office - funded research project on "Burglar alarms impact research". An Advisory Committee consists of Home Office, PCPI and the two police forces representatives and advises throughout the research. The two police forces also provide anonymised burglary data for the last 5 years and the time of PCSO (Police Community Support Officers) to undertake short interviewes with selected householders and (if feasible) housing security assessments. |
Impact | None yet - too early. |
Start Year | 2021 |
Description | Collaborative research funding |
Organisation | Humberside Police |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | This is a joint research project funded by the Home Office that expands the research of the current award to test the impact of burglar alarms to preventing residential burglaries. |
Collaborator Contribution | The University of Huddersfield leads a Home Office - funded research project on "Burglar alarms impact research". An Advisory Committee consists of Home Office, PCPI and the two police forces representatives and advises throughout the research. The two police forces also provide anonymised burglary data for the last 5 years and the time of PCSO (Police Community Support Officers) to undertake short interviewes with selected householders and (if feasible) housing security assessments. |
Impact | None yet - too early. |
Start Year | 2021 |
Description | Collaborative research funding |
Organisation | Police Crime Prevention Iniatives |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
PI Contribution | This is a joint research project funded by the Home Office that expands the research of the current award to test the impact of burglar alarms to preventing residential burglaries. |
Collaborator Contribution | The University of Huddersfield leads a Home Office - funded research project on "Burglar alarms impact research". An Advisory Committee consists of Home Office, PCPI and the two police forces representatives and advises throughout the research. The two police forces also provide anonymised burglary data for the last 5 years and the time of PCSO (Police Community Support Officers) to undertake short interviewes with selected householders and (if feasible) housing security assessments. |
Impact | None yet - too early. |
Start Year | 2021 |
Description | Collaborative research funding |
Organisation | University of Huddersfield |
Department | School of Applied Sciences Huddersfield |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | This is a joint research project funded by the Home Office that expands the research of the current award to test the impact of burglar alarms to preventing residential burglaries. |
Collaborator Contribution | The University of Huddersfield leads a Home Office - funded research project on "Burglar alarms impact research". An Advisory Committee consists of Home Office, PCPI and the two police forces representatives and advises throughout the research. The two police forces also provide anonymised burglary data for the last 5 years and the time of PCSO (Police Community Support Officers) to undertake short interviewes with selected householders and (if feasible) housing security assessments. |
Impact | None yet - too early. |
Start Year | 2021 |
Description | Collaborative research funding |
Organisation | West Yorkshire Police |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | This is a joint research project funded by the Home Office that expands the research of the current award to test the impact of burglar alarms to preventing residential burglaries. |
Collaborator Contribution | The University of Huddersfield leads a Home Office - funded research project on "Burglar alarms impact research". An Advisory Committee consists of Home Office, PCPI and the two police forces representatives and advises throughout the research. The two police forces also provide anonymised burglary data for the last 5 years and the time of PCSO (Police Community Support Officers) to undertake short interviewes with selected householders and (if feasible) housing security assessments. |
Impact | None yet - too early. |
Start Year | 2021 |
Description | EMPAC Local and Community Policing Network |
Organisation | University of Northampton |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | EMPAC is comprised of police forces, Police and Crime Commissioners (PCCs) and universities in the region and has an established governance framework. We have advised on burglary prevention good practice the police forces within the collaboration. Further we lead research on Local and Community Policing Network on 'Managing anti-social behaviour risk: helping identify individuals and areas most likely to experience ASB', 'Community Engagement Toolkit' and other projects. |
Collaborator Contribution | EMPAC is comprised of police forces, Police and Crime Commissioners (PCCs) and universities in the region and has an established governance framework. |
Impact | A list of conference presentations and research reports on: Police engagement with local communities Aims: Development and testing of a tool which enables police forces to target their engagement approaches most effectively, across socio-demographics, particularly rural areas and for children and young people. Improving efficient practice in neighbourhood policing, public confidence, reporting crime. Police engagement with local communities project page Anti-Social Behaviour risk and management Aims: Development and testing of a tool to identify those at risk of further victimisation, for example violence, based on individual profile, context and circumstance. Implementing targeted resources to reduce repeat victimisation, policy development across police and partners Anti-Social Behaviour risk and management project page Cyber beat: policing cyber space Nottingham Trent University will be responsible for independently evaluating the Cyber Beat pilot. Evaluation criteria include changes in demand, efficiency savings and changes in public confidence. Braunstone Blues impact evaluation Leicestershire Police, Leicestershire Fire and Rescue Service and East Midlands Ambulance Service (EMAS) are collaborating in a project to reduce demand for all three emergency services from repeat service users in the Braunstone area of Leicester. The evaluation includes assessing the impact of deploying an EMAS paramedic to three care homes in the area. |
Start Year | 2015 |
Description | Journal article from collaboration with H. Skudder and colleagues |
Organisation | University of Surrey |
Department | Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Dr R. Thompson, former Research Staff of the project, and myself worked with Helen Skudder and her PhD supervisors to test the carbon footprint savings from effective burglary security. Our role was to provide the findings and discuss effective security devices and combinations. |
Collaborator Contribution | Our partners role was to calculate carbon footprint ratio of security devices and their combinations. |
Impact | Skudder, H., Brunton-Smith, I., Tseloni, A., McInnes, A., Cole, J., Thompson, R. and Druckman, A. (2017) Can Burglary Prevention be Low Carbon and Effective? Investigating the environmental performance of burglary prevention measures. Security Journal. DOI: 10.1057/s41284-017-0091-4. Open Access: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41284-017-0091-4. |
Start Year | 2016 |
Description | 'The way ahead for Neighbourhood Watch' Event |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Participation in the NHWN 'The way ahead for Neighbourhood Watch' Event, Birmingham, 2-3 December 2015. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
URL | http://www.ourwatch.org.uk/uploads/pub_res/The_Way_Ahead_2-3_Dec_2015_Summary_Report_Evaluation.pdf |
Description | Advisory Committee Briefing Reports |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Briefing reports are sent to our Advisory Committee prior to each meeting. These include details of latest findings and research activity. Our Advisory Committee includes representatives from: - Nottinghamshire Police - Office for National Statistics - ACPO - Home Office - Nottingham Crime and Drugs Partnership - Victim Support - Department for Communities and Local Government - Neighbourhood and Home Watch Network - West Yorkshire Police - University of Huddersfield - Nottingham City Homes - Nottingham Trent University / Loughborough University The Advisory Committee reports and meetings support the work on the project and ways in which it can be disseminated. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013,2014 |
Description | Andromachi Tseloni on crime victimisation surveys and a new data linking project with the Ministry of Justice, UK |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | The Centre for the Study of Global Human Movement, University of Cambridge blog by Ashley Mehra aimed to increase awareness and invite interest in the Data First programme. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://www.humanmovement.cam.ac.uk/blog/andromachi-tseloni-crime-victimisation-surveys-and-new-data... |
Description | Attended National Vehicle Crime conference organised by IAATI |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Networking included discussions of burglary projec ??? |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
URL | http://www.iaati.org.uk/?page_id=1849 |
Description | British Society of Criminology Midlands Regional Network Seminar |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Organised seminar on the Crime Drop (presenters Nick Tilley , UCL, Sylvia Walby, Lancaster University, and Stephen Farrall, University of Sheffield) took place at Loughborough University 4th March 2025. Nick Tilley presented the findings of the project to a mixed audience of policy makers, police officers and academics. Discussions for collaborations between the research groups. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
Description | Commercial Victimisation Survey Steering Group, Home Office |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Commercial Victimisation Survey Steering Group, Home Office member (twice a year meetings). 11th Jan. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Coverage of research findings - ITV |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | Coverage of findings on BAs on ITV 20.01.2015 None to date |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
URL | http://www.itv.com/news/central/update/2015-01-20/alarms-could-increase-the-risk-of-burglary-says-st... |
Description | Danish Crime Prevention Council conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | N. Tilley was an invited speaker at the annual Crime Prevention Day held in Denmark. Title of address: 'The effectiveness of burglary security devices' to inform crime prevention |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Data user discussion panel member |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Discussant- Data user panel member in the session 'How will we measure crime in ten years' time?' Crime Surveys Users Meeting, Royal Statistical Society, London. 8 Dec. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/news-and-events/eventsitem/?id=5174 |
Description | Discussion on improving Crime Statistics |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Organiser /participant meeting of Quantitative and Spatial Criminology team with Crime Statistics Lead, Office for Statistics Regulation. 27 Feb. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | End of project conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | The conference was attended by around 70 people who were mostly national and local criminal justice practitioners, representatives from the Home Office, building industry and housing services, along with academics. Represented organisations and industries included: National Landlords Association Lock and Window industry and security testing organisations Core City Chief Executives Community Safety Partnerships Local authority housing representatives Student accommodation representatives Neighbourhood Watch College of Policing Society for Evidence Based Policing Office for National Statistics ACPO (Burglary) ACPO Secured by Design Building Industry The day featured key note speeches from the local PCC and the national chair of the Society of Evidence Based Policing, presentations from the research team on the key findings as well as from the team running the pilot trialling the recommended security combination. In the afternoon participants discussed the results and how they could be taken forward nationally and by their own organisation / sector. Key documents / presentations from the day can be found on the project's webpage: http://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/socialsciences/research/projects/burglarysecurity/ Enthusiastic discussions took place with conference feedback indicating that participants would seek to promote or implement the research findings |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
URL | http://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/socialsciences/research/projects/burglarysecurity/ |
Description | Entry added on to College of Policing Research Map |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Research summary and link to blog placed on online Research Map, allowing dissemination to policy-makers and practitioners None |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013,2014 |
URL | http://www.college.police.uk/en/21114.htm |
Description | Evaluation of a research-informed burglary target hardening intervention |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Break-out session workshop: Understanding Crime and Anti-Social Behaviour. Leicestershire Police Evidence Based Policing Event at the Leicestershire Police Headquarters. 14 Mar. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Findings shared with Neighbourhood Watch members and Home Office Minister Lynne Featherstone |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Info-graphic of the key research findings (WIDE, risk for social renters, decline in burglary) prepared by Neighbourhood Watch representative on the project's Advisory Committee shared with Neighbourhood Watch members and Chairman, Jim Maddan, and Home Office Minister Lynne Featherstone at a meeting during WB 2/2/15. None to date |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
Description | Home Office presentation |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | R. Thompson discussed findings from the burglary project with approx. 20 Home Office researchers (mixture of statisticians, researchers and policy makers). |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Interview |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | "New crime figures in dock: Criminologist questions police recording showing surge in crime." By Ciara Leeming. Big Issue North. 05-11 Feb 2018, pp. 6-7. Interviewed 30.1.2018. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
URL | https://www.bigissuenorth.com/news/2018/02/new-crime-figures-dock/ |
Description | Magazine interview - for SecurityNewsDesk |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Interview provided by PI for the magazine SecurityNewsDesk on the topic 'Burglary security devices', 22 May 2013. Enabled wider dissemination of the project Dissemination of information to police officers about the causes of the crime drop that the project has unveiled. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
URL | http://www.securitynewsdesk.com/enhanced-security-boosts-crime-drop-claim-researchers/ |
Description | Media interview - BBC Nottingham Radio Morning Programme - 'Burglary security devices' |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | BBC Nottingham Radio Morning Programme appearance by PI to talk about the project, 'Burglary security devices' 17th January 2013. Discussion of research with interviewer Dissemination of information about the project to the public. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
Description | Membership of Nottingham Crime and Drugs Partnership Burglary Task and Finish Group |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | Yes |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Advised as a member the Nottingham Crime and Drugs Partnership Burglary Task and Finish Group on burglary target hardening and vulnerable socio-economic groups participating in a number of meetings (roughly one per 6 weeks) from August 2013 to May 2014. It is an on-going activity. The work of the group led to the establishment of a pilot in Nottingham city to test the effect of target hardening devices in two test and two control sites. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013,2014 |
Description | More or less BBC Radio 4 interview |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | Interviewed by Tim Halford for BBC Radio 4 "More or Less" programme on Wednesday 9 February at 9am and repeated on Friday 11 February at 4.30pm and Sunday 13 February at 8pm "The prime minister in statistical bother." Initial communication and the interview took place 4 Feb. Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m00146b6. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m00146b6 |
Description | NHWN communication of research findings |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | Informed Kate Algate of the neighbourhood watch independent effect evidenced in Hunter & Tseloni (2016) and she has forwarded it to the NHWN associates. She then informed all trustees and associates and advised on how to implement these findings in their activities (see related Policy influence entry) |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Newsnight Scotland interview - 'Crime drop in Scotland' |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Appearance and interview by PI at Newsnight Scotland on the topic 'Crime drop in Scotland', 19 June 2013 Informed the public about the causes of the crime drop that the project has unveiled. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
URL | http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b02zkr99/Newsnight_Scotland_19_06_2013/ |
Description | Policing Insight, Analysis blog |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Online published analysis (blog) 'What works: Which security devices best protect homes against burglary?' 2nd most read blog of Policing Insight |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
URL | https://policinginsight.com/analysis/protecting-homes-burglary-effective-security-devices/ |
Description | Policing in Partnership Conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
Part Of Official Scheme? | Yes |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | It has not occurred yet. It is scheduled for 17 June 2015. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
Description | Presentation at policing forum: Evidence-Based Policing - Research Showcase |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | Yes |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Information sparked questions and police officers discussed and asked questions about the findings and required to be updated on this and the following project on violence A mailing list of the participating HPDS police officers who were very interested on the findings and required to be updated on this and the following project on violence. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
Description | Project Blog |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Dissemination of research activities overseen by one team member - As at 12/11/14: 1,817 views from 51 countries, and nine blog followers. Approximately 15 emails received via the blog on the research |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013,2014 |
URL | http://burglarysecurity.wordpress.com/ |
Description | Project Twitter account |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Dissemination of project activity - As at 12/11/14 - 630 twitter followers (including academia, industry, journalists, charities, police, PCC offices, publishers, research institutes, Select Committees, MPs). Twitter account overseen by one team member. There have been some requests for information and discussions about research findings via Twitter. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013,2014 |
URL | https://twitter.com/burglaryproject |
Description | Provided to a Select Committee of the House of Parliament |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | House of Commons Oral Evidence taken before the Home Affairs Committee on 'Policing for the future: changing demands and new challenges'. Portcullis House. 28 Mar. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | Radio interview |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | BBC Radio Leicester. 'Leicester Police Attempted Burglary Pilot'. Live on Ben Jackson programme. 5 Aug. 2015 |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
Description | SDAI Presentation: 'Keep Burglars in the Dark - Choose Safe Venues and Companions for Drinking & Dancing' |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | SDAI Presentation: 'Keep Burglars in the Dark - Choose Safe Venues and Companions for Drinking & Dancing' on Impacts from Phase 1: 'Burglary & Security' & Phase 2: 'Stranger and Acquaintance Violence', ESRC - funded projects. ESRC Secondary Data Analysis Initiative (SDAI), Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors (RICS), London. 29 February. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Society Now coverage |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | ESRC Magazine Society Now, Summer 2017 issue, "Burglary risk highest for least advantaged groups" from the 'Burglary and Security' ESRC -funded project results. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | http://www.esrc.ac.uk/news-events-and-publications/news/news-items/burglary-risk-highest-for-least-a... |
Description | Stakeholders Advisory Committee (AC) Workshops |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Stakeholder participation at each phase of research has been secured via AC workshops, which have be convened in the second half of each phase. In particular, after a launch event (28/06/2013) the AC met four times during the 18 months period of the planned work (2/10/2013, 26/3/2014, 25/6/2014 and 15/10/2014) to discuss and suggest improvements for existing results as well as contribute to the direction of the remaining analyses and ways to maximise their policy relevance and publicity. These meetings were attended by members of the research team. Our Advisory Committee includes representatives from: - Nottinghamshire Police - Office for National Statistics - ACPO - Home Office - Nottingham Crime and Drugs Partnership - Victim Support - Department for Communities and Local Government - Neighbourhood and Home Watch Network - West Yorkshire Police - University of Huddersfield - Nottingham City Homes - Nottingham Trent University / Loughborough University These meetings allowed for feedback to the AC members as well as seeking advice and guidance on next steps in the research and methods of dissemination. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013,2014 |
Description | UK Statistics Authority meeting on CSEW uses and improvements |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Discussing with representatives of the the UKSA the uses and potential improvements of the Crime Survey for England and Wales (13.1.2016) |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Webpage of project |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Project website established since the move to Nottingham Trent University: http://www.ntu.ac.uk/apps/research/groups/4/home.aspx/project/178965/overview/burglary_security |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015,2016 |
URL | http://www.ntu.ac.uk/apps/research/groups/4/home.aspx/project/178965/overview/burglary_security |
Description | communication on research findings |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Informed Britta Kyvsgaard (Director of Research, Ph.D., The Danish Ministry of Justice, Research and Documentation Division) of the neighbourhood watch independent effect evidenced in Hunter & Tseloni (2016). She passed this information to the group working on summarising the burglary prevention evidence for the Danish Ministry of Justice |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | coverage of research findings - BBC East Mids Today |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | Coverage of conference and research findings during breakfast bulletins of BBC East Midlands Today 22.01.2015 None to date |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
Description | coverage of research findings - BBC Radio Leicester |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | live interview on Drive Time programme on BBC Radio Leicester 21.01.2015 None to date |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
Description | coverage of research findings - BBC Radio Nottingham |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | Interviewed featured on breakfast programme of BBC Radio Nottingham 22.01.2015 None to date |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
Description | coverage of research findings - Leicester Mercury |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | Coverage of WIDE findings in Leicester Mercury 21.01.2015 None to date |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
URL | http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/Loughborough-University-academics-tips-beating/story-25900203-deta... |
Description | coverage of research findings - Vancouver Sun |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | Article in the Vancouver Sun 27.01.2015 None to date |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
URL | http://www.vancouversun.com/news/Common+sense+measures+most+effective+preventing+home+burglaries/107... |
Description | dissemination of findings to practitioners |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | R. Thompson and G. Farrell presented findings from the project at the What Works Centre for Crime Reduction Conference. Session chaired by Supt Michael Mulqueen (Leicestershire Police). For outcomes on police advice please see the Policy influence entry re South Yorkshire and Leicestershire Police. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | findings' dissemination at the EMPAC Fellowship Event |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | EMPAC Leads, 20 police officers and Derbyshire PCC received print information on the research findings. See also EMPAC -related further funding. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | findings' dissemination to Nottingham Civic Exchange Inclusive and safe places workshop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Nottingham Civic Exchange Inclusive and safe places workshop, Nottingham Contemporary |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | findings' dissemination to police officers |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Discussed burglary and security project findings and Nottingham pilot as well as violence trends project findings at 2 EMPAC workshops to front-line police officers. See also EMPAC further funding entry |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | findings' dissemination to policymakers |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | N Tilley- Title of address - 'Using Crime, victimisation and justice statistics to understand the global crime drop and its implications for crime prevention policy.' Keynote address at the Third International Conference on Governance, Crime and Justice Statistics, in Merida, Mexico, organised by UNODC (United National Office on Drugs and Crime) and INEGI (Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia). The intention is to improve the conduct and analysis of large victimisation surveys and other statistical sources better to inform crime prevention strategies |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
URL | http://www.gsj.inegi.org.mx/programme.html |
Description | media presence in Greek channels |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | findings publicized in a number of Greek news, TV, and radio |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
URL | https://www.google.gr/search?q=tse????&client=opera&hs=Ml6&source=lnt&tbs=qdr:w&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjxi-... |
Description | press release of research findings |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | University of Surrey Press Release David Ferguson. Door and window locks are less carbon-costly and more effective than burglar alarms and CCTV, a new study finds, 13 Mar., |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | http://www.surrey.ac.uk/mediacentre/press/2017/door-and-window-locks-are-less-carbon-costly-and-more... |
Description | provided commentary for a scientific newsletter |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | Interview to Nala Rogers for her article 'Why Seemingly Scary Cities Might Be Safer Than You Think: Mathematical model shows how fear of crime can spread even when risk is low' in Inside Science American Institute of Physics. (interviewed 10 July, published) 12 July 2017. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | https://www.insidescience.org/news/why-seemingly-scary-cities-might-be-safer-you-think |
Description | radio commentary |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | BBC Radio Nottingham: Interviewed by Verity Cowley re the ONS and BBC crime risk calculator 7 Sept. 2017. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p05cxq8s#playt=1h21m40s |
Description | research findings dissemination to police officers |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Findings given to participants of the NPCC Reducing Burglary Conference Wednesday 20 February 2019 Westminster Central Hall, Storey's Gate, Westminster. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | research findings dissemination to police officers |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Discussed research with the High Potential Development cohort of police officers at the College of Policing and provided officers with takeaway materials. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | response to City Council Consultation for application to the DHLG |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Written Response to the Nottingham City Council Selective Licensing Consultation 24 Mar. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | https://www.nottinghamcity.gov.uk/housing/private-sector-housing/selective-licensing/ |
Description | results dissemination |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Talk to front-line officers, PCC offices' staff, EMPAC Leads and College of Policing staff about burglary project and pilot and briefly violence project findings at the Society of Evidenced Based Policing (SEBP) annual conference, Northampton, 2-3 March. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | http://www.sebp.police.uk/events |
Description | written evidence to ONS comsultation |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Written responses to the ONS Consultation "Changes to the Crime Survey for England and Wales" as member of the British Society of Criminology Executive Committee (21 July 2017) and the Quantitative and Spatial Criminology Research Group at NTU (23 July 2017). |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |