Religion in multi-ethnic contexts: a multidisciplinary case study of global seafaring
Lead Research Organisation:
Cardiff University
Department Name: Sch of Social Sciences
Abstract
In increasingly secular societies the significance of religion could be regarded as waning. However, with increased population mobility and the tendency for some conflict to be cast around religious difference it is critical that the social sciences return to religion as a centrally important tenet. This project considers religious difference alongside spiritual need in relation to the case of global seafaring.
The research will make an important contribution to our understanding of how multi-faith groups peacefully co-exist and what factors may disrupt/threaten social harmony in religiously diverse populations. The project will focus upon seafarers from different countries and of multiple faiths living and working together on ships and in ports. In the context of the challenging social circumstances where they live and work (confined in relatively small spaces on board working cargo ships and largely isolated from wider society) it will explore how they understand their own spirituality and that of colleagues and how they manage/experience religious needs/expression.
Traditionally ports in the UK and US have provided chaplaincy/welfare services to international seafarers of multiple faiths in an effort to meet a variety of spiritual/social needs. These past and present services will also be a focus for the research. Archive data will be collected charting the historical development of chaplaincy in ports in the UK/US. In addition, contemporary chaplains will be included as participants in order to understand how they shape and practice their respective religious beliefs, alongside their vocation for ministry, and how their organisations have changed over time in relation to their objectives and practices in funding such ministry.
This combination of research concerns will provide the opportunity for us to analyse seafarers' own religious perspectives and attitudes towards other faiths; seafarers' spiritual needs; available support for seafarers' spiritual needs within the confines of ports; access and experiences of such port-based welfare/religious services (from the point of view of seafarers) the objectives of organisations providing chaplaincy in ports and their associated plans for the future.
Three aims guide the project 1) We aim to inform better welfare/spiritual provision by organisations working in ports to seafarers calling at them 2) We aim to gain a better understanding of how traditional/non-traditional religions/spirituality are expressed, experienced, and negotiated in ports and in multinational residential workplaces (i.e. ships). 3) We will explore the evolution of religion in limited but important situations outside congregations and formally designated religious sites. In this we aim to add to academic understandings of contemporary 'religion' and its diversity and to study religion/spirituality beyond expected locations (e.g. churches/religious communities).
The study has 4 main components. 1) Historical examination of archive material relating to the development of welfare and religious services in US/UK ports 2) A series of semi-structured interviews with key stakeholder organisations, which fund/manage current port-based ministry and welfare 3) Port-based ethnography focussing on observation of chaplaincy 'in action' and interviews with key participants/providers 4) Shipboard ethnography focussing on seafarers and their spiritual/religious practices/needs/expression.
This bi-national case study will be conducted by a multi-disciplinary team of sociologists and theologians. It will assess continuities/discontinuities between ports in terms of provision and the diverse ways religion is present on cargo ships. This will be of practical value to seafarers and those attempting to meet their spiritual/religious needs, of academic value to scholars of religion and the workplace, and of general value in raising awareness of a vital but neglected area of modern economic life.
The research will make an important contribution to our understanding of how multi-faith groups peacefully co-exist and what factors may disrupt/threaten social harmony in religiously diverse populations. The project will focus upon seafarers from different countries and of multiple faiths living and working together on ships and in ports. In the context of the challenging social circumstances where they live and work (confined in relatively small spaces on board working cargo ships and largely isolated from wider society) it will explore how they understand their own spirituality and that of colleagues and how they manage/experience religious needs/expression.
Traditionally ports in the UK and US have provided chaplaincy/welfare services to international seafarers of multiple faiths in an effort to meet a variety of spiritual/social needs. These past and present services will also be a focus for the research. Archive data will be collected charting the historical development of chaplaincy in ports in the UK/US. In addition, contemporary chaplains will be included as participants in order to understand how they shape and practice their respective religious beliefs, alongside their vocation for ministry, and how their organisations have changed over time in relation to their objectives and practices in funding such ministry.
This combination of research concerns will provide the opportunity for us to analyse seafarers' own religious perspectives and attitudes towards other faiths; seafarers' spiritual needs; available support for seafarers' spiritual needs within the confines of ports; access and experiences of such port-based welfare/religious services (from the point of view of seafarers) the objectives of organisations providing chaplaincy in ports and their associated plans for the future.
Three aims guide the project 1) We aim to inform better welfare/spiritual provision by organisations working in ports to seafarers calling at them 2) We aim to gain a better understanding of how traditional/non-traditional religions/spirituality are expressed, experienced, and negotiated in ports and in multinational residential workplaces (i.e. ships). 3) We will explore the evolution of religion in limited but important situations outside congregations and formally designated religious sites. In this we aim to add to academic understandings of contemporary 'religion' and its diversity and to study religion/spirituality beyond expected locations (e.g. churches/religious communities).
The study has 4 main components. 1) Historical examination of archive material relating to the development of welfare and religious services in US/UK ports 2) A series of semi-structured interviews with key stakeholder organisations, which fund/manage current port-based ministry and welfare 3) Port-based ethnography focussing on observation of chaplaincy 'in action' and interviews with key participants/providers 4) Shipboard ethnography focussing on seafarers and their spiritual/religious practices/needs/expression.
This bi-national case study will be conducted by a multi-disciplinary team of sociologists and theologians. It will assess continuities/discontinuities between ports in terms of provision and the diverse ways religion is present on cargo ships. This will be of practical value to seafarers and those attempting to meet their spiritual/religious needs, of academic value to scholars of religion and the workplace, and of general value in raising awareness of a vital but neglected area of modern economic life.
Planned Impact
The project will highlight areas where port-based chaplaincy/welfare services are in need of development. It will provide seafarer welfare organisations with knowledge about users' needs in relation to the provision of welfare/spiritual support services. This will benefit them in targeting services thereby reducing waste and maximising the benefits accrued from available resources. The study will identify religious/spiritual needs that are currently neglected in UK/US ports and/or where barriers impair access to existing provision. The project will also provide knowledge of the areas of support which are currently highly valued by seafarers and which organisations could usefully prioritise and/or expand. The project will thereby provide seafarer welfare organisations with up to date evidence relating to seafarers' changing needs which will inform future resource planning and allocation. In the development of this application for funding we have involved several international religious/welfare organisations, e.g., ISWAN, ICMA, NAMMA and have benefitted from their thoughts and input. They have emphasised that they would use the project findings to inform and/or adjust existing policy/practice.
The project will provide chaplains and all those personally involved with the provision of chaplaincy/welfare services with insight into the ways in which current provision is generally received/perceived. Such feedback (including via a practititioner workshop) will enable them to reflect on practice and make improvements as necessary.
Policy Impact
The project will improve the understanding of religion in society, workplaces, and communities. It will be valuable to:
- national/local government/non-governmental organisations, in informing responses to the changing nature of religious/spiritual need in a globalised economic context
- organisations concerned with developing community cohesion, enhancing health and safety, and creating economic and social stability
- unions (national/international) and employers who wish to improve the conditions for maritime workers
- employers of multi-ethnic/multi cultural workforces who seek to establish harmonious relationships/teams
The project has the potential to impact upon the implementation of the International Ship and Port Security (ISPS) code across the world. This international regulation has resulted in some seafarers being denied access to shore leave because of their nationality. In some cases seafarers may be repeatedly denied shore-leave by the immigration authorities associated with the ports where they call. As such we will liaise closely with the Centre for Seafarers Rights in New York which has been campaigning around this issue for some years and which would benefit greatly from the contribution of new evidence in support of their efforts to protect seafarer welfare/human rights.
Raising public awareness of seafarer needs (via the release of a video) of the findings could result in increased financial contributions to welfare charities from members of the public and from employers. Such additional resources would have a direct impact on welfare provision for seafarers and would be on benefit to all seafarers calling at ports internationally (from Singapore to Dubai and from London to Nova Scotia).
Teaching/training impact: The project will feed into the training of chaplains and of port welfare workers across the globe for example via the NAMMA webinar programme which Sampson has previously contributed to.
The project advisory group will ensure that stakeholders are brought together and that they inform all aspects of the project development and application. The group's first task will be to identify additional ways to disseminate the research findings and achieve impact in a diffuse stakeholder community making use of their own networks.
Findings are also expected to have application in other residential/institutional settings e.g. schools/prison.
The project will provide chaplains and all those personally involved with the provision of chaplaincy/welfare services with insight into the ways in which current provision is generally received/perceived. Such feedback (including via a practititioner workshop) will enable them to reflect on practice and make improvements as necessary.
Policy Impact
The project will improve the understanding of religion in society, workplaces, and communities. It will be valuable to:
- national/local government/non-governmental organisations, in informing responses to the changing nature of religious/spiritual need in a globalised economic context
- organisations concerned with developing community cohesion, enhancing health and safety, and creating economic and social stability
- unions (national/international) and employers who wish to improve the conditions for maritime workers
- employers of multi-ethnic/multi cultural workforces who seek to establish harmonious relationships/teams
The project has the potential to impact upon the implementation of the International Ship and Port Security (ISPS) code across the world. This international regulation has resulted in some seafarers being denied access to shore leave because of their nationality. In some cases seafarers may be repeatedly denied shore-leave by the immigration authorities associated with the ports where they call. As such we will liaise closely with the Centre for Seafarers Rights in New York which has been campaigning around this issue for some years and which would benefit greatly from the contribution of new evidence in support of their efforts to protect seafarer welfare/human rights.
Raising public awareness of seafarer needs (via the release of a video) of the findings could result in increased financial contributions to welfare charities from members of the public and from employers. Such additional resources would have a direct impact on welfare provision for seafarers and would be on benefit to all seafarers calling at ports internationally (from Singapore to Dubai and from London to Nova Scotia).
Teaching/training impact: The project will feed into the training of chaplains and of port welfare workers across the globe for example via the NAMMA webinar programme which Sampson has previously contributed to.
The project advisory group will ensure that stakeholders are brought together and that they inform all aspects of the project development and application. The group's first task will be to identify additional ways to disseminate the research findings and achieve impact in a diffuse stakeholder community making use of their own networks.
Findings are also expected to have application in other residential/institutional settings e.g. schools/prison.
Organisations
Publications
Cadge W
(2021)
The Work of Port Chaplains: Views from Seafarers Served
in Journal of Contemporary Religion
Gilliat-Ray S
(2022)
'Here today, gone tomorrow': the risks and rewards of port chaplaincy
in Journal of Beliefs & Values
Sampson H
(2020)
Harmony of the Seas? : Work, faith, and religious difference among multinational migrant workers on board cargo ships
in Ethnic and Racial Studies
Sampson H
(2022)
'Overstretched and under-resourced': the corporate neglect of port welfare services for seafarers
in Maritime Policy & Management
Smith G
(2021)
A working theology: an evaluation of the popular beliefs of Roman Catholic Filipino seafarers
in Practical Theology
Smith G
(2023)
A theology of chaplaincy from below: changing the locus of theological agency
in Practical Theology
Turgo N
(2021)
'What is immediate and obvious feels real': National identity and emotional vulnerabilities in the field
in Methodological Innovations
Turgo N
(2022)
Relying on the Kindness of Strangers: Welfare-Providers to Seafarers and the Symbolic Construction of Community
in Journal of Contemporary Ethnography
| Title | Faith and the welfare of seafarers working on cargo ships |
| Description | This is a film which was produced by Helen Sampson to describe the study and its findings. The film was made in collaboration with a professional film maker and was shot on location at Cardiff port as well as at various other sites. It incorporates stock video footage of working cargo ships. |
| Type Of Art | Film/Video/Animation |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Impact | This film led to the approach from BBC radio Wales and an invitation to take part in a radio programme (an episode of All Things Considered) about chaplains |
| Description | In the course of this research, we explored the religious needs/expression of seafarers working on cargo ships as part of mixed nationality crews and we considered how multi-faith groups lived and worked together relatively harmoniously. We discovered that whilst there is some momentum behind a push for greater freedom of religious expression at work in some (shore-based) quarters, amongst seafarers there is a desire to practice religion in private. Many seafarers avoid public/shipboard discussions of religion, and they avoid conspicuous displays of religious symbols, icons, and paraphernalia. Whilst on board, many seafarers find that their faith offers them comfort and solace in difficult times but many concurrently regard their time at sea as offering them 'permission' to deviate from devout religious expression/practice. The strong occupational cultural norms at sea - discouraging controversial discussions - appear to allow seafarers to work harmoniously regardless of their beliefs. They also serve to provide seafarers with a context within which they can periodically act in ways which are at odds with the teachings of their faith without fear of judgement/comment. Our port-based ethnography and interviews with port chaplains, revealed that chaplains are increasingly prevented from meeting the welfare needs of seafarers because of funding shortfalls which in many cases require them to devote considerable time to fundraising. We noted differences between port chaplains and shore-based chaplains in institutions such as hospitals and prisons with regard to their isolated practice. This takes place with a transient population and in constrained and controlled spaces which chaplains and volunteers may only fleetingly access. We noted the care which is taken by chaplains to avoid proselytization and to provide assistance to seafarers of all faiths and none and the high degree to which they accept and embrace a role of service provider/vendor in relation to the provision of free transport for seafarers and the sale of SIM cards. This represents a shift from the evangelism associated with the earliest traditions of port chaplaincy and reflects related changes in chaplains' theology. It places them at the forefront of the very limited port-based welfare provision available to seafarers regardless of their personal characteristics. We gained insight into sources of tension between chaplains of different faith backgrounds (representing different charities) when working together in the same port. These reveal that beneath the expressed view that ministry was about the embodiment of beliefs and their manifestation through service there were also other agendas informing the practice of chaplains. In relation to insights regarding research methods/practice, the study offered us the opportunity to reflect on the impact of national identity on relationships in the field and the emotional risks that may accompany a shared (and different) nationality with some participants in a multinational context. The project also developed and extended previous work on practical theology. It doing so it broke new ground in treating seafarers as agents of their theological position, as opposed to either passive recipients of ecclesial teachings, or people on behalf of whom theology needs to be 'done'. |
| Exploitation Route | 1) We will publish our findings in journals which are read by practitioners involved in port management. We will also make a film describing some of the findings from the research including the extent to which the funding of port-based welfare provision for seafarers is currently being neglected by those outside faith-based charitable organizations in disregard of their obligations as defined by the ILO Maritime Labour Convention 2006. Port authorities, states and other stakeholders in the maritime sector are likely to review their port-based provision of welfare services to seafarers in the light of these reported findings. 2) We will communicate relevant findings about shipboard faith-based practices and needs to shipping companies via a film and at industry events and seminars (once COVID allows). We expect HR managers within shipping companies to review their pre-departure training for seafarers in the light of some findings in order to better prepare seafarers for the shipboard norms which are associated with faith. Employers may draw upon the evidence of this study in arriving at future decisions about policies and practices associated with freedom of religious expression at work 3) We will publish articles in a variety of academic journals alongside a book describing many of the key findings from the study and outlining their implications. Via these publications, as well as during academic conferences, we will advance academic debates on the provision of rights to freedom of religious expression at work. We will also take forward discussions of practical theology and its operationalization. |
| Sectors | Transport,Other |
| Description | The shipping industry has been strongly impacted by the coronavirus pandemic. In many ports seafarers are not currently allowed to go ashore and make use of seafarers' welfare centres. Port chaplains are also constrained in terms of the activities they can pursue. In this context it is not a very good time to feedback to chaplains or welfare service providers on service provision or indeed to companies which have been caught up with the challenges of crisis. Nevertheless we have taken part in publicity which draws on the research findings and have reported our early findings at several events for chaplains. As such Sampson and Cadge were both interviewed for different radio Boston programmes highlighting the work of port chaplains and their particular importance to seafarers during the pandemic. In association with Sea Sunday when participating churches have a special collection for seafarers' welfare activities, Sampson took part in a BBC radio Wales programme which focussed on port chaplains and the research was mentioned in the Church Times which is an independent Anglican national newspaper. We also reported our shipboard research findings to a mixed audience of practitioners at a symposium for one hundred representatives across the maritime sector including maritime charities and Turgo attended the International Christian Maritime Association (ICMA) conference for port chaplains in 2019 where he reported to them on our shipboard findings. In 2018 Turgo attended the Mission to Seafarers Regional Chaplains Conference in Chesham to discuss the early research findings and ideas. In the course of the fieldwork we were asked by one of the participant seafarers' welfare centres about ways they could improve their provision for seafarers based on the understandings that had arisen from our shipboard fieldwork. We provided them with a range of relatively small improvements relating to the provision of coffee and other beverages and free feminine hygiene products for women seafarers. The centre manager welcomed all of the suggestions and informed us that they would immediately take steps to enact these. The findings stimulated the development of a new project which specifically looked at the port-welfare needs of women seafarers. The need for such research was highlighted in our online report for an industry and lay audience as well as in the film that we produced about the study. This new research report has now been completed and the findings are about to be disseminated widely. The Seafarers Charity are planning a number of engagement activities with the objective of altering the practice of port welfare charities. The first of these will take place in May 2023 with an online presentation to ICMA members. In addition the charity intends to work with other groups linked to port welfare provision in order to take forward the recommendations. There is a specific intention to take forward proposals to ensure the provision of bulk sanitary waste disposal facilities at all UK ports. |
| First Year Of Impact | 2023 |
| Sector | Communities and Social Services/Policy,Transport |
| Impact Types | Societal,Policy & public services |
| Description | A presentation to the Mission to Seafarers Europe Region Conference. |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
| Results and Impact | Nelson informed the audience about the study in relation to methods, underlying rationale, and objectives. This sparked considerable interest in the study and enthusiasm in relation to collaboration and involvement. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | A press release announcing the release of an online film outlining the significance of the projects research findings |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | The press release generated significant international coverage in specialist industry media outlets and in mainstream international press (e.g. the Manila Times). An in depth feature is planned for publication in the Nautilus Telegraph in August 2021 and this was supported via an email Q&A with the PI (Sampson). The Nautilus Telegraph is the newspaper for members of the international officers trade union 'Nautilus'. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| Description | Article in Church Times |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Citation in article in the Church Times |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://www.churchtimes.co.uk/articles/2021/3-september/comment/opinion/help-for-stranded-key-worker... |
| Description | Contributor to BBC Radio Wales 'All things Considered' programme titled 'Faith on the Ocean Waves' Broadcast 12/7/22 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Contribution to programme marking Sea Sunday, when many Christians remember and pray for those who work on the high seas. Roy Jenkins finds out the work of charities who support the world's 1.6m seafarers. https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m00192p1 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| URL | https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m00192p1 |
| Description | Interview by Cadge with local radio station |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | The programme focused on the New England Seaman's mission. It was part of a three-part series which sought to 'explore non-traditional religious spaces throughout Greater Boston'. The programme raised awareness of the need for seafarers' centres (and associated funding) and port chaplains. In it ,Cadge explained how the role of the contemporary port chaplain is more welfare oriented than in the past and how in the absence of port chaplains the welfare of seafarers calling into ports would be neglected. Cadge was instrumental in generating the interest of the radio station in making the programme and acted as an advisor for it as well as an interviewee. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| URL | https://www.wbur.org/radioboston/2020/09/03/new-england-seafarers-mission-sacred-spaces |
| Description | Interview for US radio station |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | A programme was aired by Boston radio which considered the role and importance of port chaplains, such as those working in Boston, to seafarers at all times but particularly in the context of the pandemic. The programme maker was aware of the ESRC project on chaplains as the local chaplain told him about it (NB co applicant Wendy Cadge is based in Boston and one of the vessels involved in our project called at Boston while Turgo was on board). The programme discussed the role of chaplains but also explained why it is so important for seafarers to access their services. The radio station published a written article accompanying the broadcast and both were made available on line following the initial airing. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| URL | https://www.wbur.org/radioboston/2020/07/09/cargo-ship-workers-coronavirus-extended-voyages |
| Description | Presentation to delegates representing international christian maritime charities at the ICMA World Conference Taiwan, 21-25 October. |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Nelson Turgo presented some early findings from our shipboard fieldwork to chaplains and members of charities providing faith-based welfare services to seafarers. His plenary talk was called 'Faith and Religion Amongst Multinational Crews'. In this presentation Nelson was able to describe the hidden world of the seafarer to practitioners who had previously had little insight into life on board ships describing both the faith and welfare needs which we uncovered in the course of the research. Subsequently participants were enthusiastic about participating in interviews to advance the project and did so. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Presentation to mixed audience of industry stakeholders at the Seafarers International Research Centre |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | A presentation was given at the Seafarers international Research Centre's biennial symposium for maritime stakeholders. The audience comprised HR managers from ship operators, professionals working for shipping-related charities, trade union officials, former seafarers, members of P&I clubs (mutual ship insurance companies), maritime journalists, representatives from several different national Flag State Administrations (who are policy makers/regulators). |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | The production of a film |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | We have produced a film which describes some of the main research findings from the study. It is a 27 minute film that can be accessed via the Seafarers International Research Centre website https://www.sirc.cf.ac.uk/Resources_to_assist_with_changing_practice.aspx and on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wWrl9Mc65TQ. The film features the research team talking about the findings from the study and it also features two stakeholders who describe what is important to them and to their organisations about the main findings. One stakeholder-participant is from the Mission to Seafarers and the other is from the trade union for seafarer officers which is called Nautilus. The regional director of the Mission to Seafarers who appears in the film explicitly states the importance of the findings to chaplains working for the Mission and to the broader organisation and she describes how these will be drawn upon to change practice. Both stakeholders also appeal to the wider maritime community in pointing to the way in which the research findings demonstrate a need for a new approach to be taken to the funding of seafarers' welfare services. The release of the film was accompanied by a Press Release and details of the film were circulated to a the SIRC industry/stakeholder contacts database which numbers approximately 1,000 individuals. Press coverage was broad and included the Manila Times, Sea News, Ship Management International, myScience, Mirage News, Safety4Sea, Hellenic Shipping News, Nautlius Telegraph and Chaplaincy Innovation Lab. Within 30 days of launching the film there were 687 views directly on YouTube. The circulation of the film generated a significant and, so far, 100% positive response via email. The film was also circulated to the congregations of parish churches in the Abergavenny region via a newsletter produced for the parishes called 'Pew News'. This was in conjunction with 'Sea Sunday' which is an annual date in the Anglican church calendar which is used to remember all those serving at sea and to raise funds for the work of port chaplains. It was discussed by the Regional Director of the Mission to Seafarers with the office of the Archbishop of Canterbury and a decision was made to circulate the film and the research findings to members of the church in September. The film has been nominated for the 2021 Maritime Foundation 'Babcock International First Sea Lord's Award for Best Use of Digital Media. The annual Maritime Foundation awards were launched in 1995 to honour 'journalists, authors and others whose work create greater public understanding of maritime issues. The results will be announced in September. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://www.sirc.cf.ac.uk/Resources_to_assist_with_changing_practice.aspx |