Care networks in later life: A comparative study of five communities in Indonesia using ethnography and surveys
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Southampton
Department Name: Sch of Economic, Social & Political Sci
Abstract
As people age, they sometimes need care or practical help with daily activities. Usually family members provide most of this care. But families are becoming smaller. Adult children move away. Women go out to work and care for young children. Not every older person has children. These trends are making it more difficult for families to care. Additionally older people's care needs are becoming more complex. They may suffer from several health problems and disabilities, such as dementia, or need care over long periods. Unless different carers cooperate, older people may receive inadequate care and carers become overburdened. This raises the central question for this research: How can acceptable care for older people in rapidly changing societies be developed without creating unsustainable or unfair burdens on those providing the care? In order to answer this, we first need detailed answers to these questions: What care needs do older people have? Who provides care and why? What does acceptable care look like, and how are people who need care perceived? Who doesn't get appropriate care and why?
This project addresses these questions for Indonesia, the fourth largest population in the world. It is a rapidly changing, multi-ethnic country. Some areas have nuclear families, as in the UK; others have complex families, as in India or China. Many families are poor, and there are large wealth differences. These aspects make it an interesting country for comparative research from which wider lessons about care provision in later life can be drawn. Our approach is to first do ethnographic research in five different communities. This involves a researcher living among the study population, observing daily life and repeatedly interviewing older people who need care and their carers. We chose the communities because they are already being studied for another project, funded by Australia, to which we are linked. This means the researchers know the communities, and we can share data. Once we know what kind of care needs older people have, who provides care, what acceptable care looks like and what the burdens of care are, we will design questions for a household survey done in the same communities. This will allow us to analyse how common certain arrangements or problems are, and whether there are differences between men and women, rich and poor, and the different communities. By including questions used in national Indonesian surveys, we can also compare our findings to those surveys.
Three ideas are central to our study and capture where our main theoretical contributions lie. First, we think that care is a cultural practice. By this we mean that culture shapes preferences for care providers, what counts as acceptable care, and what being dependent does to a person's social value. This is why we use ethnography, which uncovers local values and preferences, and why we compare ethnic groups within Indonesia. Second, we recognise that care is often provided by a mix of family members, neighbours, health care providers and volunteers, and care needs evolve. This is why we collect data on people's complete care networks over time. We also seek people's life histories to analyse how care in later life is related to an older person's past contributions. Third, we understand that older people differ in terms of gender, wealth, family networks etc. This is why we collect information on people's economic, demographic and social status and compare care among sub-groups.
Our research is timely because the World Health Organisation (2016) has called on developing countries to implement sustainable long-term care systems. The Indonesian government wants to develop a long-term care system, and district governments want to meet local care needs. For this, they need to know who is currently providing care, what works well, how familial care can be supported, and where gaps in care provision occur. We aim to provide that knowledge.
This project addresses these questions for Indonesia, the fourth largest population in the world. It is a rapidly changing, multi-ethnic country. Some areas have nuclear families, as in the UK; others have complex families, as in India or China. Many families are poor, and there are large wealth differences. These aspects make it an interesting country for comparative research from which wider lessons about care provision in later life can be drawn. Our approach is to first do ethnographic research in five different communities. This involves a researcher living among the study population, observing daily life and repeatedly interviewing older people who need care and their carers. We chose the communities because they are already being studied for another project, funded by Australia, to which we are linked. This means the researchers know the communities, and we can share data. Once we know what kind of care needs older people have, who provides care, what acceptable care looks like and what the burdens of care are, we will design questions for a household survey done in the same communities. This will allow us to analyse how common certain arrangements or problems are, and whether there are differences between men and women, rich and poor, and the different communities. By including questions used in national Indonesian surveys, we can also compare our findings to those surveys.
Three ideas are central to our study and capture where our main theoretical contributions lie. First, we think that care is a cultural practice. By this we mean that culture shapes preferences for care providers, what counts as acceptable care, and what being dependent does to a person's social value. This is why we use ethnography, which uncovers local values and preferences, and why we compare ethnic groups within Indonesia. Second, we recognise that care is often provided by a mix of family members, neighbours, health care providers and volunteers, and care needs evolve. This is why we collect data on people's complete care networks over time. We also seek people's life histories to analyse how care in later life is related to an older person's past contributions. Third, we understand that older people differ in terms of gender, wealth, family networks etc. This is why we collect information on people's economic, demographic and social status and compare care among sub-groups.
Our research is timely because the World Health Organisation (2016) has called on developing countries to implement sustainable long-term care systems. The Indonesian government wants to develop a long-term care system, and district governments want to meet local care needs. For this, they need to know who is currently providing care, what works well, how familial care can be supported, and where gaps in care provision occur. We aim to provide that knowledge.
Planned Impact
Rapid population ageing in Indonesia is raising the need for long-term care (LTC). Continuing to delegate LTC exclusively to informal carers will put unsustainable and inequitable burdens on families and threaten the quality of care. Lost economic and social potential, both of older people and their carers, is but one result of failing to improve care provision and support informal carers. These challenges are recognised at regional, national and local levels. The impetus for developing LTC systems which harness and extend existing provision is currently great. Yet detailed evidence is needed as the basis for developing policies, guidance and training. Our study will generate rich data and arguments on older people's care networks in five diverse communities across Indonesia to inform policy and practice at this critical juncture in LTC planning.
Who will benefit from this research?
The research aims to generate impact at local, national and regional levels.
A) Study communities and their districts and sub-districts:
> older people and their informal carers;
> local healthcare providers;
> Third Sector groups supporting long-term care and dementia care;
> public and private formal care providers;
> district officials responsible for health and social welfare budgets.
B) National level (Jakarta):
> Stakeholders developing and implementing a long-term care Strategy for Indonesia (Sub-Directorate of Older Persons, Directorate of Family Health, Ministry of Health; Directorate of Social Welfare for Older Persons, Ministry of Social Affairs; Directorate of Older Persons' Resilience and Frailty, National Board of Population and Family Planning; Ministry of National Development Planning)
> National NGOs supporting older people (e.g. Indonesia Ramah Lansia, Alzheimer's Indonesia, Yayasan Emong Lansia);
> Formal care provider networks (e.g. Insan Medika).
C) Regional level:
> International organisations developing guidelines, best practice and training on long-term care in Southeast Asia and advocating for policy implementation:
> HelpAge International (Asia-Pacific), our project consultant
> World Health Organisation (Southeast Asia Regional Office)
> Asian Development Bank
How will they benefit from this research?
The identified stakeholders will benefit from the study through evidence, arguments and capacity building.
The study will deliver locally contextualised evidence on the nature of older people's care needs, care preferences and care networks; on linkages between different care providers and barriers to their integration; and on subgroups vulnerable to a lack of adequate care. This evidence will be produced with our consultants in an accessible, policy-relevant format to enable national and local stakeholders to base the planning and implementation of LTC on actual needs and circumstances, rather than assumptions (e.g. about families' caring capacity).
The study will develop evidence-based arguments about the benefits of LTC provision to allow regional and national groups (e.g. WHO, HelpAge, Alzheimer's Indonesia) to campaign for and support the budgeted implementation of LTC systems in the region. We aim to demonstrate actual and opportunity costs to families (particularly women) from caring and the loss of social and economic participation from having unmet care needs. This will allow campaigners and policy makers to present long-term care as a key factor in poverty reduction, age inclusion and gender equity.
The study will enhance the capacity of older people and carers at local levels through tailored information and training. Local health centres and community groups will be engaged in the training to enhance its sustainability.
Who will benefit from this research?
The research aims to generate impact at local, national and regional levels.
A) Study communities and their districts and sub-districts:
> older people and their informal carers;
> local healthcare providers;
> Third Sector groups supporting long-term care and dementia care;
> public and private formal care providers;
> district officials responsible for health and social welfare budgets.
B) National level (Jakarta):
> Stakeholders developing and implementing a long-term care Strategy for Indonesia (Sub-Directorate of Older Persons, Directorate of Family Health, Ministry of Health; Directorate of Social Welfare for Older Persons, Ministry of Social Affairs; Directorate of Older Persons' Resilience and Frailty, National Board of Population and Family Planning; Ministry of National Development Planning)
> National NGOs supporting older people (e.g. Indonesia Ramah Lansia, Alzheimer's Indonesia, Yayasan Emong Lansia);
> Formal care provider networks (e.g. Insan Medika).
C) Regional level:
> International organisations developing guidelines, best practice and training on long-term care in Southeast Asia and advocating for policy implementation:
> HelpAge International (Asia-Pacific), our project consultant
> World Health Organisation (Southeast Asia Regional Office)
> Asian Development Bank
How will they benefit from this research?
The identified stakeholders will benefit from the study through evidence, arguments and capacity building.
The study will deliver locally contextualised evidence on the nature of older people's care needs, care preferences and care networks; on linkages between different care providers and barriers to their integration; and on subgroups vulnerable to a lack of adequate care. This evidence will be produced with our consultants in an accessible, policy-relevant format to enable national and local stakeholders to base the planning and implementation of LTC on actual needs and circumstances, rather than assumptions (e.g. about families' caring capacity).
The study will develop evidence-based arguments about the benefits of LTC provision to allow regional and national groups (e.g. WHO, HelpAge, Alzheimer's Indonesia) to campaign for and support the budgeted implementation of LTC systems in the region. We aim to demonstrate actual and opportunity costs to families (particularly women) from caring and the loss of social and economic participation from having unmet care needs. This will allow campaigners and policy makers to present long-term care as a key factor in poverty reduction, age inclusion and gender equity.
The study will enhance the capacity of older people and carers at local levels through tailored information and training. Local health centres and community groups will be engaged in the training to enhance its sustainability.
Organisations
- University of Southampton (Lead Research Organisation)
- HelpAge International (Collaboration)
- University of Lyon (Collaboration)
- Eijkman Oxford Clinical Research Unit (Collaboration)
- Gadjah Mada University (Collaboration)
- Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia (Collaboration)
- Respati University of Indonesia (Collaboration)
Publications
Ekawati L
(2022)
Mortality among healthcare workers in Indonesia during 18 months of COVID-19
in PLOS Global Public Health
Handajani Y
(2023)
Sarcopenia and impairment in global cognitive, delayed memory, and olfactory function, among community-dwelling adults, in Jakarta, Indonesia: Active aging study
in Tzu Chi Medical Journal
Handajani Y
(2022)
Depression among Older Adults in Indonesia: Prevalence, Role of Chronic Conditions and Other Associated Factors
in Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health
Handajani YS
(2023)
Memory impairment and its associated risk and protective factors among older adults in Indonesia.
in The International journal of neuroscience
Handajani YS
(2023)
Probiotic supplementation improved cognitive function in cognitively impaired and healthy older adults: a systematic review of recent trials.
in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology
| Description | Most older people in Indonesia, a DAC country, remain active and independent: they continue working, look after grandchildren, do housework or act as volunteers. However, a minority (15-25%) of older people require help with instrumental activities of daily living, like cooking, shopping, managing money; and fewer than 10% are entirely dependent on others due to frailty, ill health or cognitive decline. Most people will experience a period of dependence at the start and end of their lives. Yet care-dependent older people are invisible in their communities, as they are confined to their homes. They are also invisible in public policies and media representations, which prioritise 'successful ageing' and 'tough older people'. Our research found that family care for older people remains strong across our study sites. Most care is provided by wives, daughters and daughters-in-law. However, sons are also active care providers, especially if there is no daughter or wife nearby. Flexibility and pragmatism predominate over cultural norms; for example, despite avowed preference for care by a daughter among the matrilineal study community, we encountered several instances of coresidence with a son. For married older people, the spouse, rather than an adult child, is typically the main carer. This is challenging if the carer also has health problems. We distinguish between 'collaborative', 'imbalanced' and 'inadequate' care networks. In collaborative networks, care is shared among several family members, with different members covering different responsibilities or taking it in turns to bathe, provide food or accompany the older person, thereby reducing the pressure on individual members. Typically, collaborative networks are larger and better-off. In 'imbalanced' networks, most of the care is concentrated on the shoulders of one or two family members. This could be a spouse or a designated child. Network imbalances can emerge for positive reasons, for example when care and inheritance are explicitly linked. Often, however, they arise from conflicts over land, inheritance or other resources; or they are the inevitable outcome of very small family networks. A minority of care-dependent older people find themselves with 'inadequate' care networks. These networks are often the networks of (de facto) childless older people. The extent of their care needs is concealed by their efforts to 'muddle through'. Across all sites we found economic status to be a key factor in shaping how well families were able to provide care. Poor families cannot afford assistive devices, like incontinence pads or wheelchairs; and their members must juggle care and paid work, rather than being able to absorb care needs. Richer and poorer families alike sometimes feel overwhelmed by the demands of caregiving. In situations where the older person has dementia and shows repetitive or challenging behaviour, families often don't know how to respond. Restricting the older person's movement and autonomy, using harsh language or infantilising behaviour can then occur. Similarly, carers might not know how to prevent bed-sores, resulting in dangerous and painful wounds. Ensuring an adequate diet and encouraging frail older people to eat are also common challenges. Rather than care simply being a 'natural' extension of familial relationships, it is a responsibility for which families clearly require support and training. One of our most concerning findings is that many older care dependent Indonesians no longer use health services. This lack of medical attention means symptoms of pain are not managed and further declines in health and functioning not prevented. We found three inter-related reasons for disengagement from health services: First, families are concerned about the cost of medical care. Not all families have access to Indonesia's relatively new health insurance system (BPJS). Even if they are covered, many families rule out using BPJS because of long waiting times which would mean having to take a day off work. Second, transportation to a health centre or hospital is difficult. When an older person can no longer walk, using a popular moped-taxi becomes impossible, and cars or taxis are expensive. Third, a pervasive attitude that ill health is 'natural' in later life means that people think there is no point in taking older people to see a doctor. Our research found that community-based healthcare volunteers (kader) play a key role in supporting older people and their caregivers. Kader help to run integrated community health posts (posyandu lansia) which provide regular health checks, preventive health messages and referrals to health centres. Kader have the advantage of being locally recruited. This means they know older people well, they are trusted and approachable. However, not all communities have a functioning network of kader. Commitment and resources from community leadership can be lacking, and many communities struggle to recruit and retain kader. With the exception of a few pilot programmes, kader do not conduct home visits to older people who can no longer leave the house. This is an important limitation, because it means that those older people who most need support are not receiving it. |
| Exploitation Route | Our research is generating important comparative evidence on the strengths and weaknesses of the volunteer-based health outreach programme for older people in Indonesia, which despite being a national initiative, is being implemented unevenly. By studying this variation, capturing examples of best practice, and implementing a small home-visit scheme in one of our study sites, we hope to generate relevant evidence from the perspectives of older people, their family carers and the volunteers. It is such detailed, local-level insights, including evidence on how 'formal' and 'informal' care interact (or fail to interact), which will be useful in strengthening and developing existing long-term care provision in Indonesia. On an academic level, we expect that our emerging insights into different care network types and resultant care outcomes, and their interaction with socio-economic status, gender and ethnicity, will be of interest to scholars of care networks, which have tended to study countries of the Global North. To this end we will lead a panel on 'Boundaries of belonging in older people's care networks' at the 'Transforming Care' conference in Sheffield in June 2023. |
| Sectors | Communities and Social Services/Policy,Healthcare |
| URL | https://www.helpage.org/what-we-do/healthy-ageing/providing-care-for-older-people-in-indonesia-/ |
| Description | Indonesia, a DAC country, does not currently have a long-term care system, although its 2021 National Strategy on Ageing includes a high-level commitment to 'comprehensive long-term care services covering health and social aspects for the elderly'. The provision of care in later life is almost exclusively a family responsibility, creating unsustainable burdens, especially on women, and vulnerabilities for older people lacking adequate family networks. The relegation of care to the purely domestic sphere renders care dependence invisible and therefore easy to ignore. In order to improve the health and wellbeing (SDG3) of older care dependent people and their family carers via better healthcare and support provision and to enhance the knowledge and skills of healthcare volunteers and informal carers (SDG4), this project is pursuing the following impact strategies: 1) Making care dependence and the realities of caregiving visible. Indonesian government policy and media representations emphasise active ageing and efforts to maintain older people's health and productivity. Until the needs and vulnerabilities of the minority of older people who require care and support are recognised, and their impacts on gender equity, social and economic participation, and human rights realised, long-term care will not become a policy priority in Indonesia. By proactively engaging with Indonesian media outlets, we have repeatedly achieved news coverage portraying care dependence and caregiving in later life, highlighting promising initiatives and putting forward recommendations (e.g. KOMPAS articles on 17/11/22 and 11/01/23). We are currently producing videos from the five sites to visualise the realities of familial care and the benefits from receiving home visits, in the hope that these will prove valuable in NGOs' advocacy efforts to develop long-term care provision in Indonesia. Measurable impacts from these efforts are not yet available. 2) Providing training to community-based healthcare volunteers. Our research has documented the central (if uneven) role of community-based healthcare volunteers (kader) in supporting older people's health and social integration. Kader have repeatedly expressed the need and desire for training in aspects of older people's health and care. We have therefore implemented multi-day training events, including practical skills sessions, for kader in four of our five study locations (2-4 November 2022, 24-25 November 2022, January to March 2023, 16-17 January 2023, 23-24 March 2023). Questionnaire evidence shows improvements in understanding immediately post-training, and we are currently awaiting results from longer-term follow-up questionnaires. By providing training as an explicitly desired outcome by the volunteers, we hope to develop human capacity of kader and enhance their social recognition, while improving the welfare of care dependent older people benefiting from kaders' services. In delivering the training through local institutions and NGOs we expect training sessions to be replicated if demand for them spreads. 3) Piloting a home-visit programme to care dependent older people. Current healthcare provision in Indonesia fails to reach house- and bed-bound older people. Moreover, with care in later life exclusively a family responsibility, predominantly borne by women, family carers lack access to knowledge, support and advice, often leaving them overwhelmed and unsure, with detrimental impacts on older family members' quality of care. With the help of an Indonesian NGO, we are implementing a pilot programme in one of our study sites to train a small number of healthcare volunteers who are conducting guided and independent home-visits to older house-bound people. The purpose of the visits is to provide health checks, advice and practical assistance where needed, and to alert the local health centre if a staff visit is required. This small intervention is being evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively by seeking the perspectives of kader, older recipients of home visits and their families, and the organising NGO. Measurable impacts have not been achieved yet, but it is hoped that emerging evidence of the feasibility and acceptability of home visits will be used by NGOs and INGOs (e.g. HelpAge International) to advocate for their replication elsewhere. Gender equality and inclusivity: Both genders have been involved throughout this project by listening to the voices of older people, their sons and daughters, husbands and wives, volunteers, neighbours and other stakeholders. Most care is provided by women and adds to their gendered burdens across social reproduction, economic participation and volunteer engagement. When supporting and promoting volunteer involvement in older people's care, for example, we recognise that this risks re-enforcing the view that caring is women's work. However, we also found examples of husbands, sons and male volunteers being actively involved. Without wishing to over-emphasise these examples, reporting male involvement in care is important for reducing gender stereotypes around care being a feminine realm. Our research shows the existence of age- as well as gender discrimination in the allocation of caring responsibilities and reveals care arrangements often to be the outcome of power struggles which are shaped by gender, age, socio-economic and other inequalities within families and communities. Reducing gender inequalities in old-age care provision requires a holistic approach involving challenging perceptions, providing skills and training, supporting those involved in care, and demanding social protection to reduce poverty across the lifecourse. |
| First Year Of Impact | 2022 |
| Sector | Communities and Social Services/Policy,Healthcare |
| Impact Types | Societal,Policy & public services |
| Description | Contribution to AARP "Aging Readiness & Competitiveness Report: Enabling Innovation for Healthcare and Wellness" written by Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) |
| Geographic Reach | Asia |
| Policy Influence Type | Citation in other policy documents |
| URL | https://www.aarpinternational.org/file%20library/arc/aarp-arc-3.0-report.pdf |
| Description | Home-visit pilot project |
| Geographic Reach | Local/Municipal/Regional |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to new or improved professional practice |
| Description | Press engagement in Indonesia on Older People's Care |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
| Impact | It is difficult to demonstrate a change in public attitudes from a few newspaper articles and online news outlets. What we know is that our findings, recommendations and events have been covered by 16 different media outlets, in some cases on more than one occasion. Given the limited coverage that older persons' issues in general receive in Indonesia, our contributions to raising public awareness and offering targeted recommendations about the needs of older people should contribute in the longer term to older people becoming less invisible, and informal carers receiving more attention and support. |
| URL | https://jogja.tribunnews.com/2023/01/11/lansia-sulit-akses-layanan-kesehatan-keuangan-dan-transporta... |
| Description | Stakeholder Discussion and Dissemination Event |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
| URL | https://www.helpage.org/what-we-do/healthy-ageing/providing-care-for-older-people-in-indonesia-/ |
| Description | Training for community-based healthcare volunteers (kader) |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Impact | We used pre- and post-training questionnaires (immediately before and after the training events) to assess volunteers' motivation, knowledge and understanding prior to and after receiving training. We are currently conducting a 3-month follow-up survey of participants to gauge changes in perceptions and practices. Preliminary analysis of the pre- and post-training questionnaire data sheds light on the motivations for volunteers to be involved in community health work, as well as indicating improvements in understanding as well as some surprising effects. The following were common reasons given for being a community-based healthcare volunteer (qualitative comments): the desire to help and serve; to improve / support the health of older people; to socialise with the older population; and to obtain knowledge and understanding for oneself. This last point is interesting and supports insights from our qualitative interviews with volunteers which revealed the importance of personal growth and development and the desire for training as a motivating factor for engagement in unpaid work. This desire could be built on in expanding volunteer-based services in areas where these do not yet occur, by using training provision as an incentive for recruiting and maintaining volunteers. In terms of short-term changes in knowledge, understanding and perceptions following the training, we found improvements in self-assessed knowledge about aspects including assessing older people's physical and mental health; caring for bed-bound older people, communicating with older people, encouraging care-givers, avoiding falls and bedsores. It was particularly encouraging that while 44% of kader in Jakarta rated their knowledge of when to take an older person to a health facility as poor prior to training, this had reduced to 4% after training, with two-thirds saying they had a good understanding of this following the training. Similarly significant improvements occurred in the important areas of avoiding falls and bedsores. Concerning short-term changes in attitudes, the findings were more mixed. Several indicators pointed towards a more pessimistic outlook on later life following the training -- possibly because the training had focused on challenging aspects of care and on care-dependent older people, rather than the older population in general. For example, more kader agreed post-training that old age is the saddest time of life, while more disagreed with statements like 'living longer is a fortune' or 'the older, the wiser'. There were no real improvements in kaders' views about the value of taking older people to see health providers: clearly this is an area where health-promotive messaging has to be improved. Possibly in line with current practice, kader regarded care for older people as a family responsibility, with the majority agreeing that home visits were not a responsibility of volunteers. The post-training questionnaires underline the fact that acquisition of (scientific) knowledge (ilmu) is one of the main things the kader valued about the training they had received. We expect that the evaluation of the home visit pilot project we implemented in the Yogyakarta fieldsite will provide deeper understanding of volunteers' willingness to expand their role in LTC provision and of the levers that might motivate them in this direction. A further positive impact arising from the training was the development of WhatsApp groups among participants; these are still active several months later and are being used to share experiences of conducting older persons' activities (mostly health-checks) in the different wards represented. The WhatsApp groups appear to be motivational, underlining the value of, and pride in, community-based activities for older people. |
| Description | Training on Developing Research Impact for PGR students |
| Geographic Reach | Local/Municipal/Regional |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Impact | PhD students in the social sciences often struggle to understand the variety of meanings of (non-academic) research impact and how this might be achieved. I therefore developed a training session for Gerontology PGR student at the University of Southampton to introduce them to the Who? What? and How? of developing research impact with social sciences research, including identifying relevant stakeholders and thinking beyond 'policy development' in terms of research impact. My training was informed by developing (and beginning to implement) the pathways to impact for this award. |
| Description | see our ACTING activities |
| Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Impact | Our collaborative work influenced the design of our specialist dementia friendly facility in Leicestershire but unfortunately due to a lack of funding this project was temporarily shelved. We did clarify what PPI input required from this facility using focus groups and interviews with policy makers, public and practioners collated in a report and this led to changed attitudes and educational level of all who participated |
| Description | Conference Bursary for Early Career Researchers in Indonesia |
| Amount | £500 (GBP) |
| Organisation | University of Southampton |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 01/2023 |
| End | 01/2023 |
| Description | Decentralisation Research Fund for Follow-up Research on Cognition, Health and Quality of Life in Old age in Jakarta |
| Amount | Rp65,352,000 (IDR) |
| Organisation | Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| Country | Indonesia |
| Start | 02/2022 |
| End | 10/2022 |
| Description | Decentralisation Research Fund for Student Research Projects on Relationship between chronic disease, mental health, multimorbidity and quality of life among older people in Jakarta |
| Amount | Rp20,000,000 (IDR) |
| Organisation | Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| Country | Indonesia |
| Start | 02/2022 |
| End | 12/2022 |
| Description | Decentralisation Research Fund for Student Research Projects on Sarcopenia prevalence and risk factors for multi-morbidity among older people in Jakarta |
| Amount | Rp29,500,000 (IDR) |
| Organisation | Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| Country | Indonesia |
| Start | 02/2022 |
| End | 12/2022 |
| Description | PhD studentship for Ahmet Begde |
| Amount | £50,000 (GBP) |
| Organisation | Turkish Scientific Research Foundation |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | Turkey |
| Start | 01/2021 |
| End | 12/2024 |
| Description | Specialist dementia facility |
| Amount | £18,404 (GBP) |
| Organisation | Leicestershire County Council |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 03/2021 |
| End | 10/2022 |
| Title | Compression of needs model |
| Description | This novel model allows many data from epidemiological studies to be combined using reorganised active ageing indicators to assess their protective effects in compression needs associated with dependency and dementia. We used it to identify the main drivers which were an older age, female gender, not having a job and a lack of physical and psychosocial community based activities as well as poor nutritional status/frailty. These superseded lack of access to hospitals or other potential factors and could be used to change policy to promote activities in the community health centres |
| Type Of Material | Model of mechanisms or symptoms - human |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | This was disseminated and used in several other publications |
| URL | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/16/8235 |
| Description | Atma Jaya Catholic University, School of Medicine and Health Science |
| Organisation | Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia |
| Country | Indonesia |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | As PI on the grant proposal for the Care Networks in Indonesia project, I approached the School of Medicine and Health Science at Atma Jaya Catholic University (AJCU) due to their expertise in public health around issues of mental and physical health and quality of life of the older population in Indonesia. The School was interested in developing its research interests in older people's health by better understanding how local-level public health provision and health prevention can be integrated with informal care provided by families. I took the lead on developing the research proposal and study design, which includes a significant ethnographic element in addition to the survey methodologies with which Atma Jaya is more acquainted. Having secured the ESRC funding for the project, the post-doc and I provided training (face to face and online) for the Co-I and anthropologists employed by Atma Jaya for the project. The collaboration between AJCU and the University of Southampton has been close and successful throughout the duration of this project. Most of the engagement activities described elsewhere have built on this collaboration. Co-I Hogervorst, Co-I Handajani and the PI are continuing to work together on quantitative analysis of survey data (both existing secondary data and survey data collected as part of the project). |
| Collaborator Contribution | The School of Medicine and Health Science at Atma Jaya Catholic University, and Prof Yvonne Handajani in particular, have been instrumental in enabling the data collection and project administration in Indonesia to proceed despite the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Thanks to existing research links with a poor urban neighbourhood in Jakarta, the project has been able to add a fieldsite that has important comparative value within the wider project thanks to its dense settlement, multi-ethnic nature and well-developed public health provision. The existing relationships with local healthcare volunteers and primary healthcare providers facilitated the familiarisation of the study population with the research aims and team, and these links have subsequently been invaluable in the implementation of the training events for healthcare volunteers implemented as part of the project. The Co-I Handajani and her colleagues conducted the data collection of survey data on older people's health, healthcare use, care and support, economic circumstances and social participation; and analysis of these data are ongoing. Beyond the local links with the study community, the School has close links with key national and regional NGOs, notably Alzheimer's Indonesia (ALZI) and Alzheimer's International, thanks for their collaboration with the GCRF project on dementia in developing countries (STRIDE). These links have resulted in collaboration with ALZI during the webinar on Volunteers in the Care Provision for Older People in Indonesia, which took place in June 2022. |
| Impact | Three co-authored publications led by Co-I Handajani have already been published from this collaboration. Two further journal articles are in press. In addition, Co-I Handajani has led on the development of a Handbook for Healthcare Volunteers and Informal Carers (Buku Pegangan Kader dan Pengasuh Lansia) which has been distributed to healthcare volunteers participating in the training activities developed as part of this grant . The engagement activities related to the training of healthcare volunteers, COVID impact reduction activities in the Jakarta fieldsite, and the online workshop on healthcare volunteers have directly resulted from this partnership. The collaboration is multi-disciplinary, involving public health and medicine (focus on older people's physical and mental health), thereby complementing the project's otherwise strong social sciences focus. |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | Book on dementia inclusive environments |
| Organisation | University of Lyon |
| Country | France |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | This book proposal is commissioned by Routledge to describe the state of the art in dementia design i |
| Collaborator Contribution | This book involves 21 chapters from all INTERDEM collaborators active in this area including young investigators and the PI |
| Impact | The book will be published November 2023 |
| Start Year | 2022 |
| Description | Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jakarta |
| Organisation | Eijkman Oxford Clinical Research Unit |
| Country | Indonesia |
| Sector | Hospitals |
| PI Contribution | This partnership has primarily been developed by Co-I Kreager. Since commencement of the project, Kreager has started co-supervising the DPhil of Ms Lenny Ekawati, a Project Coordination and Management Officer at the Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit in Jakarta. The doctoral research, entitled 'Degree of illness and impact of access to health facilities on treatment seeking behaviour for acute febrile illness in a rural impoverished district in eastern Indonesia', is being funded by the Wellcome Trust. Her research combines in-depth ethnographic and local survey data on the island of Alor, and uses the methodology developed in the longitudinal multi-site Wellcome Trust study, Ageing in Indonesia (1999-2006), and extended in the present ESRC project. Ms Ekawati is benefiting for her data collection from our connections to a fieldsite on Alor and from the expertise, language skills and local knowledge of one of the ESRC project's anthropologists. She also has access to the household survey data collected as part of this project's sister project, the Australian Research Council-funded project on 'Understanding Social, Economic and Health Vulnerabilities in Indonesia', collected in 2019-2020, to which this project contributed questions on older people's health and care. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Ms Ekawati participated in the intensive training week of the anthropologists for this project in February 2020 in Jakarta. While benefiting from training on ethnographic methods, she shared her expertise in epidemiology, health systems, diagnosis, and treatment seeking in Indonesia. With one of the team's anthropologists she contributed a blog on the COVID-response on Alor (see below), and subsequently led on an analysis of COVID mortality among healthcare staff in Indonesia. She co-authored and presented two papers at the Academic Conference on Care Dynamics in Contemporary Indonesia ("The Devil Enters the House through a Hole in the Bamboo Room: Narratives of Fever in Children in Eastern Indonesia" and "Custody Children: The Role of Dual Mothers for Women in Alor, East Nusa Tenggara"). Her research focus on understanding health, illness and healthcare seeking on Alor is directly relevant to our focus on care of older people, including their engagement with health services. One of Ms Ekawati's assistants is currently collecting data on healthcare use, including among older people, which will contribute to a joint publication in the future. |
| Impact | 1) Contribution of co-authored blog on the Global Platform on COVID-19 and Older Adults in Low and Middle Income Countries: Ekawati and Delpada, (2021). Letter from Eastern Indonesia: COVID-19 and the Older People (subsequently published in: The Global Platform Reader on COVID-19 and Older People in Low and Middle-Income Countries. Norwich: University of East Anglia. 2) Co-authored publication, with Co-I Kreager, on mortality among healthcare workers in Indonesia (see list of publications). 3) Two co-authored presentations at the International Academic Conference on Care Dynamics in Yogyakarta (details above). This collaboration is multi-disciplinary, adding expertise in epidemiology to an otherwise mainly social-sciences oriented project. |
| Start Year | 2020 |
| Description | HelpAge International |
| Organisation | HelpAge International |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| PI Contribution | I approached HelpAge International at the development phase of this project, as they are the leading INGO on older people's rights and interests in the Global South. From previous collaborations with HelpAge, I was aware that they are keen on academic links so that their advocacy work and programmes are grounded in evidence. Thus aside from securing the funding for this collaboration, the research team are furnishing HelpAge with evidence and arguments for the importance of developing long-term care interventions in the Southeast Asia region. For example, a conference paper on the role of healthcare volunteers for older people's health and care produced by the project team has been used by our HelpAge international project consultant, Caitlin Littleton (Portfolio Lead: Healthy Ageing), to argue for the importance of training and resourcing of healthcare volunteers. The Policy Briefing Paper developed from our research findings has been added to the HelpAge International website as evidence in support of their Healthy Ageing focus (see below for link). The research team in Indonesia are currently creating short videos, to be edited by HelpAge International and used in their advocacy work around long-term care provision and training of informal carers. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The project partner, Caitlin Littleton (Portfolio Lead: Healthy Ageing, HelpAge International) has provided a regional overview of long-term care strategies, programmes and organisations, and established links between the project team and key stakeholders in the area of long-term care in Indonesia and Southeast Asia. For example, she introduced the project team to SurveyMeter, an Indonesian think-tank, with whom we have subsequently delivered our Stakeholder Discussion and Dissemination Event in Yogyakarta (January 2023); and to Meredith Wyse, lead on the Asian Development Bank programme on developing pilot long-term care (LTC) systems in Asia. By engaging directly with stakeholders responsible for the pilot LTC programme, we are able to understand current policy priorities and tailor our data collection to including older people's views on what their priorities for services and support might be. The links established via this partnership have also been invaluable in identifying experts for us to interview in Indonesia for the project. HelpAge International advised closely on the policy recommendations developed from our findings and assisted in turning these into an accessible Policy Briefing Paper. Currently, we are working with HelpAge in the development of videos and a longer briefing paper to capture key findings from the research, as well as organising an international webinar on Older People's Care in the Global South, to take place in the autumn. |
| Impact | 1) Development and publication of Policy Briefing Paper with key findings and policy recommendations (https://www.helpage.org/what-we-do/healthy-ageing/providing-care-for-older-people-in-indonesia-/) in Bahasa Indonesia and English. 2) Contribution of presentation on Intergenerational Self Help Groups in Vietnam, by a HelpAge International network member, to the online workshop on Healthcare Volunteers in Older People's Care (June 2022). Similar self-help groups exist in Indonesia, and their potential for providing long-term care to older Indonesians is something our project is examining. Additional outcomes (videos, longer briefing paper, international webinar) are currently being developed. The collaboration is not multi-disciplinary but it adds an important policy-and-practice element to the academic focus of the research. |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | Study Centre on Population and Policy (PSKK), Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta |
| Organisation | Gadjah Mada University |
| Country | Indonesia |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | The Study Centre on Population and Policy (PSKK), founded in the 1970s, is Indonesia's leading academic research institute on demographic change and policy. The PI has visited the centre in the past on several occasions, but during this award, tighter and formalised links have been forged. Following a stipulation by the then Ministry of Research and Technology, in connection with the PI seeking Foreign Research Permission, to seek a permanent anthropology staff member from Gadjah Mada University to join the research team, Dr Pande Made Kutanegara from PSKK was recruited in 2020 to become an affiliate to the research project. He has made excellent contributions to the research (see next section). In July 2022 the possibility of organising an academic conference on the topic of care at PSKK was first discussed, and during October 2022-January 2023, the PI and post-doc worked closely with Dr Kutanegara and several junior staff members in organising the conference. The research grant provided significant funding for the conference, and the PI mentored junior staff on the conference organisation committee prior to the conference and subsequently in planning a special issue publication. The PSKK is keen on strengthening its research expertise and profile in area of ageing and social change, and possibilities for future research collaboration are being explored. The University of Southampton (and specifically also the Faculty of Social Sciences) has an MOU with UGM to cover education and research. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The project has benefited from the excellent contributions by the affiliated researcher, Dr Pande Made Kutanegara. He provided personal introductions to key stakeholders in area of ageing and older people's care in Yogyakarta province, so that the Yogyakarta-based anthropologists were able to interview a host of governmental and non-governmental stakeholders, including members of the Regional Commission on Ageing (Komda Lansia). Dr Kutanegara participated in virtual and face-to-face team meetings and responded actively to the idea of co-organising a conference on care at PSKK in January 2023. PSKK has co-funded the conference by providing free venue and technical support, members of the organising committee and some of the consumption budget. |
| Impact | The collaboration has so far resulted in a successful 2-day academic conference on Care Dynamics in Contemporary Indonesia (11-13 January 2023), hosted by PSKK, which was attended by more than 50 Indonesian researchers. Currently the conference organising committee, consisting of research team members and PSKK staff, are preparing a Special Issue of the journal Humaniora based on conference contributions. It is hoped that future research collaborations will develop over time. |
| Start Year | 2020 |
| Description | Universitas Respati Indonesia (Urindo) |
| Organisation | Respati University of Indonesia |
| Country | Indonesia |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | The research team's connection with Respati University of Indonesia is via its Rector, Prof Tri Budi Rahardjo, whom the PI and Co-Is Hogervorst and Kreager have known for more than two decades. Prof Rahardjo, formerly of Universitas Indonesia, is a leading academic and influencer on the health and care of older people in Indonesia. She has previously collaborated with research team members on research funded by Wellcome Trust, Newton and British Council on ageing, dementia, nutrition and health in Indonesia, and she is a consultant on the present project. Co-I Hogervorst has an affiliation as Visiting Professor at Respati University and has contributed to PhD student training, and the PI gave a guest lecture at an international webinar on 'Ageing with Dignity: Persons with Dementia" organised by Respati on 18 January 2023, attended by approx 100 students and staff and followed online by more than 500 people. Respati University is the first (and only?) 'age-friendly' university in Indonesia. All students, irrespective of their major discipline, take some classes in gerontology. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Staff from Respati University, notably Prof Rahardjo and Ms Agustin, have contributed to the research by introducing us to key stakeholders in the area of older people's care in Indonesia; by contributing to an academic dissemination event (see below); and by acting as trainers during training events for healthcare volunteers in Jakarta and Yogyakarta. Prof Rahardjo has further raised the profile of our research project by discussing it with the FCO's Chief Scientific Advisor, Prof Watts, during a meeting at the British Embassy in Jakarta in February 2023. |
| Impact | 1) Presentation by Urindo staff at International Online Workshop on the Role of Community-based Volunteers for Older People's Care in Indonesia, hosted by Atma Jaya University, 21-23 June 2022; title of presentation: "Caregivers' Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Covid-19 and Its Role in Caring the Older People during the Pandemic". 2) Contributions of teaching sessions on older people's care as part of the training events for healthcare volunteers (kader) conducted by the project in Kalianyar, Tambora, Yogyakarta. This collaboration is not multi-disciplinary. |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | Applied Cognition Technology and INteraction Group (ACTING) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | We held 4 ACTING meetings to write grants together and disseminate our DMT and LCC funded research and obtain input from PPI and other researchers. These were in July 2021 about technology for people with dementia in September for digital technology use in December for visual and hearing loss and use of technology and in April for behavioural and psychological symptoms associated with dementia |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://www.dementiaresearcher.nihr.ac.uk/guest-blog-my-first-in-person-event-experiences-and-reflec... |
| Description | British Society of Gerontology Special Interest Group (SIG) on Ageing in Africa, Asia and Latin America |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | In 2019, the PI (Schroeder-Butterfill) and Dr Penny Vera-Sanso from Birkbeck College, London, in collaboration with AgeInternational (London) set up a Special Interest Group (SIG) on Ageing in Africa, Asia and Latin America, with the aim to create a network of academics, post-graduate students, NGOs and practitioners working in the area of ageing and older people in the Global South. The SIG is hosted by the leading professional organisation for gerontologists in the UK, the British Society of Gerontology (BSG). The SIG holds three meetings per year in which academics, early career researchers or practitioners present findings, research ideas and engagement opportunities related to older people's rights, care, health or economic situation. The SIG also maintain a MS Teams site for exchanging resources, news of events or calls for engagement. The SIG has more than 100 members, and typically 30-40 individuals attend the meetings. Schroeder-Butterfill has twice presented on the care networks project to this SIG; in July 2023, two further project members (Porath and Larastiti) will present findings from the project to this SIG. Further academic connections have been made via this SIG, e.g. to the Development Studies Association (DSA) conference panel on Ageing and Development, which has resulted in a Special Issue, and to the Care in Crisis network at the University of London, where PI and post-doc presented findings in 2021. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019,2020,2021,2022,2023 |
| URL | https://www.britishgerontology.org/about-bsg/special-interest-groups/ageing-in-africa-asia-and-latin... |
| Description | Conference on Care Dynamics in Contemporary Indonesia |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | This two-day academic conference (11-13 January 2023) on 'Care Dynamics in Contemporary Indonesia' was co-organised by Pusat Studi Kependudukan dan Kebijakan (PSKK, Study Centre on Population and Policy) at Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) in Yogyakarta, Atma Jaya Catholic University and Southampton University. It arose from research discussions with PSKK and anthropologists from UGM, some of whom are research team members, on common interests around ageing, poverty, demographic and social change, and policy interventions. Following an open call for papers, we selected 44 presentations by academics, early career researchers, PhD students, independent researchers and third sector practitioners. The conference language was mostly Bahasa Indonesia with some English presentations. Keynote Speaker was Dr Eva van der Ploeg, research psychologist with specialism in Montessori approaches to care for older people with dementia. All Indonesian members of the Care Networks team gave presentations based on their fieldsite data or analysis of quantitative survey data (in the case of Co-I Handajani). Most presentations focused on care for older people, but there were also papers on care for children, people with disability and mental health problems. The conference was reported on in local media, including Kompas newspaper. We are currently developing a Special Issue of the Indonesian journal Humaniora from conference contributions. The early career researchers, who benefited from bursaries funded by the University of Southampton, appreciated the opportunity to present to a large audience and receive questions and feedback. The closing round-table discussion identified key themes around gender; the unhelpful binary between formal and informal care; the role of poverty in creating care deficits and burdens; and the contributions from qualitative research for understanding realities of caring. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| URL | https://cpps.ugm.ac.id/konferensi-akademik-call-for-papers-dinamika-perawatan-di-indonesia-masa-kini... |
| Description | Conferences organised by ACAP and others |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I gave keynote lectures for international conferences on dementia design via Zoom and in person (eg Alzheimer's International) |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021,2022 |
| Description | Contributions on Indonesia to Global Platform on COVID-19 and Older Adults in Low and Middle Income Countries |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, Prof Peter Lloyd-Sherlock and colleagues at the University of East Anglia set up a website (https://corona-older.com/) to rapidly disseminate information about the impacts of COVID-19 on older people in low and middle-income countries. The website hosts blogs reporting on the situation in different parts of the world, data and reports, an interactive mortality calculator and regular webinars on topics related to COVID-19 and older people in the Global South (e.g. on social protection, long-term care, health). Our research project team has contributed a number of blogs on the impact of COVID-19 on older people in Indonesia, and we took part in a webinar on COVID-19 and long-term care for people living at home in low and middle-income countries where we reported on the ways in which older Indonesian's care has been impacted by COVID. The blogs were read by more than 100 people in 2020, and the webinars are attended by 30-50 participants, comprising researchers, practitioners, members of NGOs/INGOs and students. The impacts are chiefly in the area of awareness building about the specific vulnerabilities of older people in Indonesia as a result of the pandemic. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| URL | https://corona-older.com/ |
| Description | Discussant at Indonesian Webinar on The Future of Ageing Policy in Indonesia |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | Indonesia's Ministry of National Development Planning (BAPPENAS) organised a webinar series on Long-term Care (LTC) for Older People in Indonesia. The aim of this particular online seminar was to discuss best practice in long-term care programmes, drawing on insights from different countries to inform the future development of Indonesia's LTC system. Speakers included an expert from the Asian Development Bank, Tsao Foundation (Singapore) and the Indonesian Ministry. I was a discussant, to add a UK perspective and provide early insights from our research project. The audience included policy makers from Indonesia, members of NGOs, academics and members of the public. Approximately 300 people participated in the webinar live, and it has been viewed by 1300 on YouTube since. It is hard to pinpoint direct impacts from the event. The fact that it was so widely viewed by Indonesian stakeholders and prompted a lot of questions from the audience, underlines the fact that Indonesia is currently grappling with the development of a long-term care system. A pilot LTC system is currently being trialled in one of our research areas, and we hope to be able to offer insights from the perspective of older people and their carers in due course. The webinar provided a useful opportunity for establishing links with stakeholders (e.g. from BAPPENAS, ADB, Muhammadiyah Senior Centre), which we will follow up (e.g. expert interviews; impact activities). |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| URL | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xy--w3CBR1o |
| Description | Fertility and Reproduction Studies Group Seminar Series, Oxford University |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | The Fertility and Reproduction Studies Group (FRSG) at Oxford has run an annual seminar series since 1998 covering a wide range of topics around medical anthropology, population change, reproduction and health. Edited volumes arising from the seminars are regularly published by Berghahn Books. The aims of the series, aside from academic dissemination, include the development of networks of academic and non-academic experts in the broad area of public health. This year's seminar series focused on fertility and vulnerability in a comparative and lifecourse perspective and included two presentations by research team members (Ekawati and Delpada, 'Pregnancy, Malaria and Vulnerability in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia', and Kreager, 'Vulnerability Across the Life Course: A problem in medical anthropology and anthropological demography, with examples from Indonesia') which draw in part on ethnographic and survey data collecting during this project and its related project (Australian Research Council, Social, Health and Economic Vulnerabilities across the Lifecourse in Indonesia). We expect to use a future seminar series in the FRSG series to disseminate and connect our findings on care networks with a wider academic and non-academic audience. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| URL | https://www.frsg.org/ |
| Description | Online workshop on the Role of Community-based Volunteers (kader) for Older People's Care in Indonesia |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
| Results and Impact | Three-day online workshop (21-23 June 2022) co-organised between Atma Jaya Catholic University (led by Co-I Handajani) and Southampton University. The event arose as a result of our research finding of the central role of community-based healthcare or NGO volunteers in bridging the gap between older people and their families on the one hand, and formal health (or other) services provided by governmental and non-governmental organisations in Indonesia. We were interested in sharing our findings and seeking input from other experts regarding aspects such as the sustainability of volunteer-based services for older people; the role of incentives / rewards; reliance on volunteers for home visits; challenges and facilitators in the delivery of volunteer-based programmes. The workshop featured a mix of academic and practitioner presentations (N=17), including testimonials from volunteers. Several project collaborators, such as Indonesia Ramah Lansia, Universitas Respati Indonesia and HelpAge International, contributed to the event, as did the PI, Co-I Handajani and post-doc Porath. The main workshop language was Bahasa Indonesia. The workshop was streamed on YouTube and followed by approximately 200 people. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| URL | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8gqrKtJNuvY |
| Description | Recurrent meetings with healthcare providers, healthcare volunteers, older people and informal carers in Jakarta |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Patients, carers and/or patient groups |
| Results and Impact | Since the beginning of the project in 2019, the project's Co-I Handajani and colleagues from Atma Jaya Catholic University have organised meetings with primary healthcare providers (doctors, nurses, health visitors), community healthcare volunteers (kader), older people and their informal carers in order to familiarise the audience with the aims and objectives of our research project, to provide information and training on prevention of chronic diseases, cognitive and mental disorders, and on keeping safe during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most recently, they have conducted a physical health examination of older people in the study site, and reported on project activities at the sub-district (kecamatan) level in preparation for the training event conducted in the sub-district during November 2022. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020,2021 |