Taiwan-UK Sex, Gender and Sexuality Health Network: making connections, establishing commonality, forwarding research

Lead Research Organisation: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Department Name: Public Health and Policy

Abstract

This Taiwan-UK Sex, Gender and Sexuality Health Network project will bring together social researchers working in Taiwan and the UK to build relationships, exchange ideas and plan collaborative research projects. All the researchers have interests in the health and well-being of people who are in a minority because of their bodies, their masculinity or femininity, or their sexual orientation.

Sex, gender, and sexual orientation are increasingly important concepts in the cultural life of both countries and in research. People designing general population surveys recognise a need for more sensitive questions that register human differences important for health, civil rights, and quality of life. People doing focussed investigations about sex, gender and sexuality need a common vocabulary to communicate their concepts and findings. This project will address both of these needs.

Our project starts with a small taskforce of nine researchers, who will identify and approach up to one hundred relevant researchers in each country. They will be offered a 'match-making' service to pair them with an appropriate corresponding researcher in the other country based on common interests or research methods (for example, surveys, qualitative investigations, observation, documentary analysis, experiments, literature reviewing). We call the research couples 'net-pals' (like pen-pals but over the internet). Net-pals will be asked to address together some key questions about how they define and measure the various aspects of sex and gender, and to explore common interests. We hope the combination of significant cultural difference and prominent academic similarity will spark fresh ideas for research investigations.

With the help of this network of researchers, the taskforce will compile a directory of questions that are or can be used in research to classify or measure sex, gender and sexual orientation. This will be available to the research network and will be used as a foundation for focussed discussion of the concepts in two facilitated groups of 10 researchers, one in each country. These discussions will identify challenges and opportunities for SGS measurement and research with SGS minorities.

All net-pals and other researchers will be invited to a mixed online/in-person workshop on SGS measurement, delivered by the taskforce in Taiwan to coincide with the International Conference on Gender in Science & Technology.

To deepen the research relationship between the taskforce members, two UK researchers will visit Taiwan to present ideas and participate in an SGS stakeholders conference about the project where people can comment on the net-pals' research ideas. Following this process, six net-pal pairs will be invited and supported to make short films about topics of interest for dissemination on social media.

For balance, three Taiwan researchers will make a reciprocal visit to the UK to review the final directory of questions (with matching questions in English and Mandarin Chinese), to meet with significant UK scholars, and to attend a half-day symposium at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine where the taskforce will review and present the outcomes of the overall project.

In summary, we plan to establish a Taiwan-UK research network that will create channels of communication, identify valid and appropriate measures, and develop collaborative UK-Taiwan research projects. We intend that these together will improve research and thereby increase the health and well-being of people marginalised because of their sex, their gender and/or their sexuality.

Publications

10 25 50
 
Description Generate teaching materials that are inclusive of and sensitive to sex, gender and sexuality
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
Impact Two lectures have respectively reached 20 postgraduate students in Taiwan and 40 postgraduate students in the UK. Most students expressed positive feedback on the novelty and usefulness of lectures, understood the pertinence of using SGS-sensitive languages in health research and showed interests in doing SGS-sensitive research in their fieldwork or summer projects.
 
Title The SGS Matrix 
Description The SGS Matrix is a 3x3 table cross-tabulating Sex, Gender and Sexuality (SGS) with Body, Subjectivity and Behaviour (BSB). The cells contain the range of human base-features that people (both researchers and community members) use to confer membership of Sex, Gender and Sexuality classes. The matrix encourages recognition that sex, gender and sexuality categories are socially constructed and contentious (ie. there is wide-spread disagreement about 'qualifying criteria' for membership of particular classes). It can be used by researchers to identify the base-features of people (or combination of base-features) that are actually relevant to their research questions, rather than using class membership as a surrogate marker for those base-features. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2021 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact The Matrix documentation is still being written but its sharing and critiquing in the TUSHRN Network has demonstrated its cross-cultural applicability. Discussion of the Matrix has heightened awareness among researchers of the inadequacy of sex, gender and sexual orientation measures in health research. 
 
Description Taiwan-UK Sex, gender and sexuality Health Research Network (TUSHRN) 
Organisation Academia Sinica
Country Taiwan, Province of China 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Convened monthly online meetings of the Taiwan-UK SGS Taskforce: To date, 20 online one-hour meetings have been held to monitor progress of the funded programmes, designed a Roadmap to the Objectives and identified potential areas of SGS health research.
Collaborator Contribution 1. Attended and contributed to monthly online meetings of the Taiwan-UK SGS Taskforce; 2. Attended and chaired the Taiwan SGS Health Researcher Workshop, the Taiwan-UK SGS Health Research Netpal Symposium and the 1st Taiwan-UK Conference on Sex, Gender and Sexuality Health Research.
Impact 1. A list of TUSHRN Network members (30 researchers from Taiwan and 27 from the UK) 2.The Taiwan SGS Health Researcher Workshop (8 Jan 2022) 3.The Taiwan-UK SGS Health Research Netpal Symposium (12 March 2022) 4.The 1st Taiwan-UK Conference on Sex, Gender and Sexuality Health Research on (16 July 2022)
Start Year 2021
 
Description Taiwan-UK Sex, gender and sexuality Health Research Network (TUSHRN) 
Organisation City, University of London
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Convened monthly online meetings of the Taiwan-UK SGS Taskforce: To date, 20 online one-hour meetings have been held to monitor progress of the funded programmes, designed a Roadmap to the Objectives and identified potential areas of SGS health research.
Collaborator Contribution 1. Attended and contributed to monthly online meetings of the Taiwan-UK SGS Taskforce; 2. Attended and chaired the Taiwan SGS Health Researcher Workshop, the Taiwan-UK SGS Health Research Netpal Symposium and the 1st Taiwan-UK Conference on Sex, Gender and Sexuality Health Research.
Impact 1. A list of TUSHRN Network members (30 researchers from Taiwan and 27 from the UK) 2.The Taiwan SGS Health Researcher Workshop (8 Jan 2022) 3.The Taiwan-UK SGS Health Research Netpal Symposium (12 March 2022) 4.The 1st Taiwan-UK Conference on Sex, Gender and Sexuality Health Research on (16 July 2022)
Start Year 2021
 
Description Taiwan-UK Sex, gender and sexuality Health Research Network (TUSHRN) 
Organisation Lancaster University
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Convened monthly online meetings of the Taiwan-UK SGS Taskforce: To date, 20 online one-hour meetings have been held to monitor progress of the funded programmes, designed a Roadmap to the Objectives and identified potential areas of SGS health research.
Collaborator Contribution 1. Attended and contributed to monthly online meetings of the Taiwan-UK SGS Taskforce; 2. Attended and chaired the Taiwan SGS Health Researcher Workshop, the Taiwan-UK SGS Health Research Netpal Symposium and the 1st Taiwan-UK Conference on Sex, Gender and Sexuality Health Research.
Impact 1. A list of TUSHRN Network members (30 researchers from Taiwan and 27 from the UK) 2.The Taiwan SGS Health Researcher Workshop (8 Jan 2022) 3.The Taiwan-UK SGS Health Research Netpal Symposium (12 March 2022) 4.The 1st Taiwan-UK Conference on Sex, Gender and Sexuality Health Research on (16 July 2022)
Start Year 2021
 
Description Taiwan-UK Sex, gender and sexuality Health Research Network (TUSHRN) 
Organisation National Cheng Kung University
Country Taiwan, Province of China 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Convened monthly online meetings of the Taiwan-UK SGS Taskforce: To date, 20 online one-hour meetings have been held to monitor progress of the funded programmes, designed a Roadmap to the Objectives and identified potential areas of SGS health research.
Collaborator Contribution 1. Attended and contributed to monthly online meetings of the Taiwan-UK SGS Taskforce; 2. Attended and chaired the Taiwan SGS Health Researcher Workshop, the Taiwan-UK SGS Health Research Netpal Symposium and the 1st Taiwan-UK Conference on Sex, Gender and Sexuality Health Research.
Impact 1. A list of TUSHRN Network members (30 researchers from Taiwan and 27 from the UK) 2.The Taiwan SGS Health Researcher Workshop (8 Jan 2022) 3.The Taiwan-UK SGS Health Research Netpal Symposium (12 March 2022) 4.The 1st Taiwan-UK Conference on Sex, Gender and Sexuality Health Research on (16 July 2022)
Start Year 2021
 
Description Taiwan-UK Sex, gender and sexuality Health Research Network (TUSHRN) 
Organisation National Taiwan University
Country Taiwan, Province of China 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Convened monthly online meetings of the Taiwan-UK SGS Taskforce: To date, 20 online one-hour meetings have been held to monitor progress of the funded programmes, designed a Roadmap to the Objectives and identified potential areas of SGS health research.
Collaborator Contribution 1. Attended and contributed to monthly online meetings of the Taiwan-UK SGS Taskforce; 2. Attended and chaired the Taiwan SGS Health Researcher Workshop, the Taiwan-UK SGS Health Research Netpal Symposium and the 1st Taiwan-UK Conference on Sex, Gender and Sexuality Health Research.
Impact 1. A list of TUSHRN Network members (30 researchers from Taiwan and 27 from the UK) 2.The Taiwan SGS Health Researcher Workshop (8 Jan 2022) 3.The Taiwan-UK SGS Health Research Netpal Symposium (12 March 2022) 4.The 1st Taiwan-UK Conference on Sex, Gender and Sexuality Health Research on (16 July 2022)
Start Year 2021
 
Description List of Netpal 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact We created a list of Netpals (like a pen-pal but across the Internet) by inviting recognised and active researchers in the health of sex, gender and/or sexuality minorities to our innovative Netpal programme. Following a short survey on preferences, in November 2021 we paired researchers with a handpicked corresponding researcher in the other country (ie. one in Taiwan and one in the UK), initiated e-mail introductions and asked Netpal pairs/trios to meet online at least three times between December 2021 and July 2022. All Netpals were invited to participate in and present at both the TUSHRN Netpal Symposium and the 1st Taiwan-UK Conference on Sex, Gender and Sexuality Health Research.

Through this engagement activity, we achieved 27 Netpal pairs/trios consisting 56 researchers in both countries. Adding 6 affiliated researchers, We forged a network of 62 research professionals to expand, enrich and improve investigations into the health of sex, gender and sexuality minorities in Taiwan, the UK and further afield.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://www.lshtm.ac.uk/research/centres-projects-groups/tushrn#research
 
Description TUSHRN Netpal Symposium 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact The Taiwan-UK Sex, Gender, and Sexuality Health Research Network (TUSHRN) Netpal Symposium, held on 12 March 2022, gathered 30 participants from the research network. It was a ground-breaking event, by having academics, health professionals, rights campaigners, and community members based in the UK and Taiwan meet to brainstorm, reflect on, and explore the challenges and opportunities of researching the health of sexual, gender, and sexuality (SGS) minorities. It was the TUSHRN's first communal meet-up, and the Taskforce had decided to run the event less formally, giving participants space to speak freely, on their own and for the communities they represent or have worked with.

The Symposium opened with Prof Ford Hickson and Prof Nai-Ying Ko's greeting words, which remark on the importance of innovative research methodologies, especially for measurements for related topics, considering that research methods and technologies have evolved but SGS health remains underexplored. During the icebreaking session, netpals who were paired based on their shared research interests and experiences got to know each other better, and had a chance to meet other pairs. The conversations between groups focused on sharing knowledge and observation regarding the state of the art of SGS health research in both societies, which formed the basis for the other two sessions.

At the session on 'Brainstorming Collaborative Research Agenda', participants discussed the appropriateness of different research methods for various health-related issues. One group considered the concept of 'health works' as the working on, for, and related to health and how health works on us from the capability perspective. In this context, shelterlessness and homelessness experienced by LGBTQ people and their health needs were illustrated as an example, which requires mixed methods that include the element of participatory action research. Another group considered queering research process that goes beyond individual SGS communities, which aims to capture the complexities and messiness of this reality. Overlapping concerns were identified about 'decolonising' modern knowledge about and around sex, gender, and sexuality.

Another group discussed and compared the health behaviour studies in relation to sexualised drug use and PrEP taking in Taiwan and the UK. At the same time, differences in terminologies were also identified between the researchers from the UK and the US and between researchers who study with different populations. The other group focused on sampling and the difficulty in standardising questions to get accurate estimates of an LGBTQ+ population. Quantitative research has encountered many limitations if such a problem cannot be overcome. Some participants also considered the possibility of designing and delivering cross-cultural care, which includes but is limited to incorporating cultural competency in medical education.

At the session on 'Mapping and Linking Disciplines in SGS Health Research', the 'Health, Technology, and Desire' group emphasised how researchers can destabilise the disciplinary boundaries and how SGS researchers communicate our ideas across disciplines to a wider audience. These are the crucial questions that should be addressed to bridge perspectives from different stakeholders. The 'Quantitative Research Design and Measurement' group expressed similar concerns, reflecting on designing and incorporating SGS-related questions in census surveys. It has never been easy to ask the questions with the SGS health matrix 'appropriately for all', since, for many, identity, attraction, and behaviour are not distinctive matters. Thus, ethical researchers often ask, 'are we measuring the right things, and are we doing it right?'

Interestingly, the 'Identity, Wellbeing, and Mental Health' group asked similar questions, however, in discussing health issues in relation to experiences regarding perceived/enacted discrimination and stigma, relationship and connection building, and victimisation and traumatisation. It is thus important to incorporate resilience and empowerment perspectives in research design. In this regard, the 'Community, Activism, and Policy' group considered the significance and accumulative effect of 'small actions/activism' in everyday life, considering the intersectionality between self-identity, intimate lives, and rights/rightlessness. Thus, advocacy-research collaborations and LGBTQI leadership are important for rights campaigns and health promotion activities. They also highlighted the issues concerning diversity education in the pedagogical context and the syndemic perspective in the methodological context.

Last but not least, we were pleased to have Hiker Chiu with us at the Symposium. They are a Taiwanese intersex human rights activist who founded Oii-Chinese in 2008, was elected a board member of ILGA Asia in 2018, and cofounded Intersex Asia in 2018. They have shared much observation and reflection on intersex research and activism in Taiwan, Asia-Pacific, and globally. A comprehensive understanding of intersex people's intimate, romantic, and sexual relationships is absent, not to mention the existence of intersex inclusive education. On this matter, echoing previous discussions, good research designs and a communication strategy with policymakers and the public and between all SGS minority communities are a pressing need to fight marginalisation and underrepresentation.

All the brainstorming processes in the Symposium have uncovered that too many jigsaw puzzles are still needed for a complete picture of SGS health. The lack of satisfactory approaches and accurate estimates further accentuates the significance of establishing a transnational network involving researchers, community members, and activists such as TUSHRN. To conclude the Symposium, participants considered the importance of developing a life-course approach to LGBTIQ life for longitudinal studies and qualitative accounts drawing on ethnographic, autobiographical, and action research. Therefore, it is not unimaginable that the collaborations between TUSHRN netpals will generate innovative methodologies and a novel research agenda in the future.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://www.lshtm.ac.uk/research/centres-projects-groups/tushrn#events
 
Description Taiwan-UK Conference on Sex, Gender and Sexuality Health Research 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Held online on 16 July 2022, our premier Taiwan-UK Conference on Sex, Gender and Sexuality Health Research aims to invite all SGS health researchers in Taiwan and the UK to consider five pertinent questions:
• How are sex, gender and/or sexuality conceptualised and operationalised in current health research?
• How may different operationalisations change the findings of the research?
• What categories of sex, gender and sexuality are most useful for understanding their natures?
• What categories of sex, gender and sexuality are most useful to policymakers?
• How does the way we measure or categorise sex, gender and sexuality in health research impact our research participants, data users and communities?

The Conference comprises two interactive workshops (titled Better Measurement of Sex, Gender and Sexuality by Dr Ford Hickson and Applying the Trauma & Resilience Informed Research Practice Framework to SGS Research by Dr Natalie Edelman), 12 oral presentations (co-produced by 18 multi-disciplinary researchers from both Taiwan and the UK) and an interactive session on Reflection, Feedback and Q&A for bi-national SGS health research. The Conference reached all 57 Netpals, half of which have participated in this Conference. Fourteen researchers outside the Network joined the Conference and enriched the depth and width of discussion.

Main outcomes of this Conference were:
1. All participants shared knowledge, practice and experiences in advancing SGS health research across various disciplines.
2. Most participants express interests in future collaborations and similar conferences on SGS Health research.
3. All eight Taskforce members gained experiences in organising international conferences while exchanged knowledge and reflection on both Taiwanese and British culture.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://padlet.com/profmonicako/taiwan-uk-conference-on-sex-gender-and-sexuality-health-rese-8599ujk...
 
Description The Taiwan SGS Health Researcher Workshop 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Held on 8 January 2022 at National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, our groundbreaking Taiwan SGS Health Researcher Workshop invited 20 Taiwanese researcher who expetise at health research on sex, gender and sexuality (SGS) minorities to achieve three objectives:
1. Identify researchers in Taiwan engaged in SGS minority health;
2. Create channels of communication for both early-career and established scholars in SGS minority health research in Taiwan;
3. Brainstorm research roadmaps and operational resources for sustainable SGS Health research locally and internationally

This full-day workshop comprises three activities: interactive icebreaking (speedy meet-up), brainstorming on future research collaborations and discussing challenges and opportunities for academic researchers devoted to SGS health research.

The outcomes of this workshop are:
1. Formation of four academic groups (ie. culture/ethnicity, identity, HIV governance and health measurements) to advance further discussion and collaboration on SGS research
2. All participants expanded their personal network in Taiwan and with the UK team member (Dr Ford Hickson and Dr Isaac Yen-Hao Chu) while meeting potential career coaches and SGS-sensitive researchers
3. All participants orally reported positive feedback on this workshop with strong interests in joining future events held by TUSHRN.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022