TIMe experience in Europe's Digital age (TIMED)
Lead Research Organisation:
Liverpool John Moores University
Department Name: School of Psychology
Abstract
The recent mass proliferation of digital technologies means that people now live in a state of permanent connectivity. The effects of this on the availability of time, the use of time and experience of temporality for the individual and for society are presently unknown. The TIMED project will establish, for the first time, the specific effects of digitalization on time experience and the sense of temporality across Europe. WP1 will determine what digitization means to people, using a qualitative and quantitative methods. WP2 will use questionnaires to establish how the forms of digitization identified in WP1 affect the passage of time, time pressure and time perspective. In WP3 interviews will explore what constitutes free time in the digital age. WP4 will use real-time behaviour analysis to establish how digitization affects time usage and the passage of time during daily life. WP1-4 will be conducted in 6 European countries: UK, Germany, Spain, Poland, Switzerland & Czech Republic enabling comparisons across countries and cultures, and between people of different ages, genders, employments, levels of digital engagement. Finally, WP5 will use lab studies to establish the psychophysiological mechanisms through which digital engagement affects time experience. The TIMED project will provide a ground-breaking account of how and why the perception, use and allocation of time are affected by personal levels of digitization and cultural norms, and how this then impacts on quality of life. The information generated will enable us to, for the first time, establish how digitalization affects individual temporal experience and whether it is aiding the development of unified European temporal experience or enhancing existing cultural differences. The evidence generated will have significant implications for the promotion of health, wellbeing and economic outcomes through the mitigation or enhancement of the consequences of increased digitalization on temporal experience.
Organisations
- Liverpool John Moores University (Lead Research Organisation)
- Antiquarian Horological Society (Collaboration, Project Partner)
- UNISON (Collaboration, Project Partner)
- ALDER HEY CHILDREN'S NHS FOUNDATION TRUST (Collaboration)
- German Society for Time Policy DGfZP (Project Partner)
- NASWUT The Teachers Union (Project Partner)
- Institute for the Future of Work (Project Partner)
- Manchester University NHS Fdn Trust (Project Partner)
- Swiss Federal Inst of Technology (EPFL) (Project Partner)
- Czech-Moravian Confed of Trade Unions (Project Partner)
- Alder Hey Children's Hospital (Project Partner)
- British Broadcasting Corporation - BBC (Project Partner)
- Community Trade Union (Project Partner)
Publications
Cernohorská V
(2025)
How digital technology can steal your time
in Computers in Human Behavior
Meteier Q
(2025)
Effect of task nature during short digital deprivation on time perception and psychophysiological state.
in Scientific reports
Ogden R
(2024)
Editorial: Current perspectives on distortions to time.
in Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)
| Description | The TIMED project has enabled us to collect data from over 15000 people from across Europe. Our research has explored how Europeans use and experience digital technology in a post-covid world, and how this impacts on both their time availability and their wellbeing. Our key findings are as follows: 1) Digital technology is fundamentally changing the way in which we value, use and experience time. Many people are chronically time poor and increasing levels of connectivity are contributing to greater time poverty. Rather than saving time, technology is contributing to a denser form of life in which all moments are filled with some form of activity. Technology is also eroding the normal boundaries between work and home, meaning that many people feel like they have less autonomy over their time than before. Denser lives and eroded time boundaries as a result of digital technology negatively impact on wellbeing, leading to greater levels of stress, anxiety and negative affect. 2) People associate digital technology use with a loss of time, a desire to fill all time, a propensity to forget time and, as a result, a desire to gain greater control of time. As a result, the experience of loss of time to digital technology was associated of guilt, shame and a lack of self-control. The findings suggest that a combination of structural factors, including imperfect algorithm content provision and ease of device use, and attitudinal factors, including the belief that digital time was inauthentic, unintellectual or "bad for you", lead to the perception of time loss through digital device use. Improvements in algorithmic content generation and greater acceptance of the benefits of time on digital media may help reduce the sense that time is lost to digital technology, and the associated feelings of guilt and loss of control. 3) How we regulate our emotions is critical to how we manage time during daily life. People who engage in cognitive reappraisal when face with emotion inducing situations experience a greater sense of time autonomy, lower levels of time pressure and greater worklife balance in comparison with those who engage in expressive suppression. Reappraising stressful situation is therefore critical to managing the impact of technology on time availability and wellbeing. 4) Digital technology is fundamentally reshaping our understanding of what it means to have free time. Most people have very fixed ideas about what "good free time" is and what "bad free time" is. hallmarks of "good time" are periods where we have a high degree of control and feel productive in what we are doing. Bad time, is when we feel like we have no control over when, where or how we spend our time, and productivity is either too low or too high. Senses of guilt and regret experienced from "wasting time" on DT appear to be exacerbated by structural factors embedded into the design of DT. Imperfect algorithmic content selection provides us with content which is close enough to our general interests to keep us engaged, often for extended periods of time, but not content which is sufficiently aligned to our needs for esteem and self-actualisation to enable them to feel rewarded and fulfilled. What we want is content that make us feel empowered, like we are growing as people, and that we are broadening our horizons. What we get is often shallow, unstimulating and unrewarding. The provision of a continuous, at times seemingly endless, supply of content means that we lose time sifting through unsatisfactory content in search of the often-unobtainable truly satisfying content. Together, out findings to date suggest that we are currently in a period of flus where we are adapting to the impact of technology on our experience of time. Many people associate technology with a reduction in time availability and time autonomy, and regret much of the impact of technology on their time. The findings suggest that, as a society, we need to critically appraise why digital time is a source of guilt and regret, and perhaps accept that it does indeed have benefits such as rest, relaxation and restoration. |
| Exploitation Route | 1) Technology developers should use the findings of this project to better understand the desires of users for more intellectually stimulating, long-form content. Critically, our findings show that if digital time is to be valued by the user, algorithmic content generation must improve to enable higher order needs to be met. 2) Policy makers and industry should use the findings to develop policies which protect peoples time. At present, people feel that they must be ever contactable to retain the enhance autonomy over time that technology provides them. However, eroded boundaries between work and home, a constant desire for productivity and dense time and home and work mean are negatively impacting wellbeing. Our work has revealed that time pressure can account for over 20% of the variance in depression, anxiety and stress. Developing policies which protect personal time, whilst countering the need for continuous productivity, are critical to improving wellbeing. 3) Policy makers and the public should use the findings to stimulate a broader conversation about our relationship with digital technology. Our findings indicate that much of the guilt people experience about spending time on technology is not experiential guilt but instead societally driven, i.e. I feel guilty because society tells me I should do something better. Acceptance that some forms of technology use are both a good use of time and beneficial may be critical to reducing guilt and improving wellbeing. |
| Sectors | Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software) Healthcare Leisure Activities including Sports Recreation and Tourism Government Democracy and Justice |
| Description | At this stage of the award, we have generated impact primarily through public engagement. Through a strategically planned program of public engagement activities we have alerted the public to the impact of technology on their experience and use of time, and provided recommendations for ways to mitigate the negative impacts of digital technology on time experience. Our plans for the final year of the project are to progress policy based impacts through our work. |
| Impact Types | Cultural Societal |
| Description | After the end: Lived experiences and aftermaths of Diseases, Disasters and Drugs in global health |
| Amount | £7,790,614 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | 225238/Z/22/Z |
| Organisation | Wellcome Trust |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 09/2023 |
| End | 09/2031 |
| Description | British Academy Global Convening Programmes Knowledge Translation Award: Exploring non-academic stakeholder perspectives on time pressure and availability as barriers to sustainability transitions. |
| Amount | £10,000 (GBP) |
| Organisation | The British Academy |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 03/2024 |
| End | 03/2025 |
| Description | The Times of a Just Transition |
| Amount | £1,500,000 (GBP) |
| Organisation | The British Academy |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 03/2023 |
| End | 03/2026 |
| Title | Experience Sampling Digital Use: a mobile phone application |
| Description | We have developed and tested a new open access mobile phone application designed for use when using experience sampling methods to explore experiences of digital technology. The application can be downloaded onto any Android 13+ phone and the user dashboard enables researchers to prompt users to complete measures at specific times throughout the period of study. The app also collects data on movement, other app usage and total screen time. It therefore gives researchers the ability to accurately measure digital engagement concurrently with broader wellbeing and quality of life. The source code for the app is currently being written up for publication and will be made available on OSF. |
| Type Of Material | Physiological assessment or outcome measure |
| Year Produced | 2025 |
| Provided To Others? | No |
| Impact | We are currently using this app for our WP4. We are then going to publish the code and user manual and will publicise this through the website and CHANSE network. |
| Title | Experiences of Digital Life Questionnaire |
| Description | A novel questionnaire measure of self reported Experience of Digital Life. The questionnaire is comprised of four distinct subscales: 1) the pervasiveness of digital technology use, 2) the impact of digital technology use on health and wellbeing, 3) the influence of digital technology use on relationships and 4) the influence of digital relationships on efficiency in day to day life. The questionnaire content was based on 300 semi-structured interviews conducted with people across Europe. It was initially validated in English for use with a UK population. It has subsequently been translated into French, Spanish, German, Czech and Polish and validated for use in Switzerland, Germany, Spain, Czech Republic and Poland. The measure will be open-access when published. |
| Type Of Material | Physiological assessment or outcome measure |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | No |
| Impact | The Experiences of Digital Life Questionnaire is currently being written up for publication. It has not therefore, yet had any impact. |
| Title | Experiences of Digital Life Questionnaire Validation |
| Description | This dataset was produced as part of the development and validation of a new questionnaire measure of experiences of digital technology use. This dataset includes questionnaire development and validation data for the Experiences of Digital Life Questionnaire. This dataset is was produced when validating the Experiences of Digital Life Scale. It contains two datasets 1) the initial UK validation data. 2) The validation of the final measure. Data set 1 contains data from 500 UK residents with the following variables: - Experiences of Digital Life (novel measure) - WHO-5 Wellbeing Scale -Barrett Impulsivity Scale - 11 (Patton et al., 1995) -Problematic Internet Use Scale (PIQ-9) (Laconi et al., 2019) -Depression, Anxiety and Stress measured with the DASS-21 (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995) -Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diner, 1985) -Emotion regulation -Gender -Age -Highest Level of Education. Second study (other countries) -Pervasiveness of digital technology use -Quality of digital life -General mental wellbeing -Impulsiveness -Problematic internet use -Depression, anxiety and stress -Satisfaction with life -Personality (Rammstedt & John 2007). -Any other measures The second dataset includes anonymised quantitative question data from over 7000 individuals residing in the UK, Spain, Germany, Poland, Czech Republic and Switzerland. This dataset will be made available via the UK Data Service upon publication of the questionnaire. The dataset includes the following variables: -Experiences of digital life questionnaire (novel measure) -Satisfaction with life (Diner, 1985) -WHO-5 Wellbeing index -Frequency of digital technology use (Part of the Media and Technology Usage and Attitudes Scale) (Rosen 2013) -Attitudes towards technology (Part of the Media and Technology Usage and Attitudes Scale) (Rosen, 2013) -Frequency of social media activities (Part of the Media and Technology Usage and Attitudes Scale) (Rosen, 2013) -Personality (Rammstedt, & John, 2007). -Mobile phone affinity (Bock et al., 2016) - Gender - Age - Highest level of education - Country of residence Data will be made available upon publication of the articles resulting from it. All data will be made available in anonymised form, in compliance with the ethical approval of the project and the consent given by participants. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | No |
| Impact | This dataset has enabled the TIMED project to develop and validate a new measure of experiences of digital technology during day to day life. This questionnaire is currently being prepared for submission to Human and Computer Interactions. Once published, the dataset will be made available for publication. |
| Title | Psychophysiological correlates of perceived time during digital deprivation. |
| Description | This dataset was generated through a between subjects experimental study in which participants completed a time estimation task and wheel of fortune task following digital deprivation, digital provision (access to phones) or non-digital provision (access to other materials such as books and magazines). The list below describes the experimental set up and the data collected. Throughout the experiment (Baseline, waiting period and reward task): • ECG, collected with movisens chest strap (ECGMove4, 1024 Hz) • EDA, collected with 2 Ag/AgCl electrodes and a movisens sensor attached to the wristband (EDAMove4, 32 Hz) See the below (bottom) for all physiological measures calculated with the Neurokit library in Python. Before baseline : • Socio-demographic information : o Current professional situation (Working professionals, Stay-at-home mothers/fathers, Studentt, Looking for work (in question 3, indicate the last profession you held)) o Highest degree (University, college, Higher vocational training Maturité, baccalauréat Maturité professionnelle, vocational school, Apprenticeship, Compulsory school, Less than compulsory school, Other) o Socio-professional category (Executives / senior managers / management executives / Administrative staff (secretaries, switchboard operators, counter clerks, etc.) / Service and sales staff (cooks, waiters, hairdressers, firefighters, guides, salespeople, etc.) / Farmers, fishermen, etc. / Craftsmen and tradespeople (bricklayers, carpenters, roofers, plasterers, potters, goldsmiths, butchers, bakers, cabinetmakers, dressmakers, etc.) / Machine and industrial robot operators, crane operators, taxi drivers, locomotive drivers, etc. / Unskilled workers and employees (handymen, dustmen, deliverymen, cleaners, street vendors, etc.) o Age • Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) (French validated version) o 22 items : 30 items in the English version, 8 items removed in the French version (see Gélinas et al. (2015) and Gélinas (2017) - PhD thesis) • DASS-21 (French version : EDAS-21) o Validated scale but no paper published explaining the validation o See Mboua, P. C., Siakam, C., & Mabo, N. L. (2021) and PhD thesis of Paulin-Pitre (2013) for use of this scale. o 21 items • Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire (PIUQ-9) o Official validated version in French, 9 items After baseline : • Self assessment Manikin (Bradley, M., & Lang, P. (1994)) o Arousal + valence After waiting period : • For digital active condition (use of smartphone during waiting period) o Did you use a digital device (smartphone, computer, tablet, connected watch, etc.) during the waiting phase? (Yes/No) o What digital tools did you use during the waiting phase? What activity(ies) did you carry out during the waiting phase? On which application(s) or software(s)? Give as much detail as possible in your answer. (Long textual answer) o Did you look at the time during the waiting phase? (Yes/No) • Self assessment Manikin (Bradley, M., & Lang, P. (1994)) o Arousal + valence • Time perception (measures from Jokic et al. (2018) and Witowska et al. (2020) o Intuitively, without thinking about it, the waiting session lasted ____ minutes and ____ seconds? o ¬How often did you think about time during the waiting session? (VAS, from extremely often to not at all) o How fast did time pass for you during the waiting session? (VAS, from extremely slowly to extremely fast) o How bored were you during the waiting session? (VAS, from not bored at all to extremely bored) During reward task : • Before each trial, participants had to evaluate on a 5-point Likert scale either their confidence (1 = uncertain, 5 = certain) in winning ("To which extent you are sure you will win?") or their mood ("To which extent you are sure you feel good?"). • Task performance o For each trial, choice between pink or blue part of the wheel o Win or loose • Depending on the outcome of each trial (loss vs. win), participants had to evaluate their mood again, using an emoji VAS, ranging from 1 (the saddest) to 5 (neutral) for losses and from 1 (neutral) to 5 (the happiest) for wins. After reward task : • Self assessment Manikin (Bradley, M., & Lang, P. (1994)) o Arousal + valence • Time perception (measures from Jokic et al. (2018) and Witowska et al. (2020) o Intuitively, without thinking about it, the reward task lasted ____ minutes and ____ seconds? o ¬How often did you think about time during the reward task? (VAS, from extremely often to not at all) o How fast did time pass for you during the reward task? (VAS, from extremely slowly to extremely fast) o How bored were you during the reward task? (VAS, from not bored at all to extremely bored) • Orally : general feedback on the experiment Psychophysiological measures include: Mean and SD tonic skin conductance level RMSSD LF HRV HF HRV LF/HF HRV Cardiac sympathetic index |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | No |
| Impact | This dataset will be made available at the end of the project. |
| Title | Real-time digital use, wellbeing and time experience |
| Description | Data from ESM recording of 300 participants in a week long study exploring how screen time impacts experiences of time and wellbeing. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2025 |
| Provided To Others? | No |
| Impact | NA at present |
| Title | Semi Structured Interview Dataset: Experiences of digitalization in post-covid Europe |
| Description | This dataset relates to work package 1a of the TIMED project. It includes a total of 300 interviews, with 50 conducted in each of the following countries; the UK, Spain, Czech Republic, Germany, Switzerland and Poland. All interviews explored participants experiences of using digital technology during their day to day lives. Participants represent a diverse range of social groups with differing experiences of of digital technology use. The dataset therefore represents one of the most comprehensive qualitative accounts of digital technology use in daily life across Europe. The fully anonymised dataset will be published at the end of of the project. The findings from this dataset were used to develop a novel questionnaire measure of experiences of digital life. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | No |
| Impact | The dataset has been used to write all engagement pieces. The findings have also been reported back to project partners. The dataset was used to create a novel questionnaire measure of experiences of digital life. |
| Title | The impact of digital technology use on time experience and wellbeing: Quantitative questionnaire data |
| Description | This data set was created when examining the relationship between digital technology use, time experience and wellbeing. It contains data from over 7000 people currently residing in the UK, Spain, Poland, Czech Republic, Germany and Switzerland. The questionnaire data includes demographic information, measures of depression and anxiety, wellbeing and satisfaction with life, as well as, time pressure, time autonomy, work-life balance and time experience. The specific measures are listed below. Experiences of Digital Life Scale, a novel measure developed by the TIMED team Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire (PIUQ-9) Laconi et al (2019) Passage of time adapted from Ogden (2020) and Wittmann and Lehnhoff (2005) Chronic Time Pressure Inventory Denovan and Dagnall (2019) Time expansion, Wittmann and Lehnhoff (2005) The Work-life Balance Measure Brough and Timms (2009) Time autonomy taken from a Subscale of the Time Management Behavior Scale called "Perceived control over time" Macan et al (1990) Temporal focus (past, present, future) Temporal Focus Scale Shipp et al (2009) General mental wellbeing World Health Organisation- Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) WHO Satisfaction with life Satisfaction with Life scale Diener (1985) Depression, anxiety and stress Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) Lovibond and Lovibond (1995) Procrastination Pure Procrastination Scale Steel (2010) Emotional neglect and emotional abuse subscales of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Bernstein et al (2003) Age Gender Highest Level of Education Data will be made available upon publication of the articles resulting from it. All data will be made available in anonymised form, in compliance with the ethical approval of the project and the consent given by participants. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | No |
| Impact | This data has only just been collected and there is therefore no current impact. |
| Description | Co-operation Partnership with Alder Hey NHS Foundation Trust |
| Organisation | Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | The UK members of the TIMED team have met with Consultant Psychiatrists and Psychologists to discuss the aims of the project and to understand clinical perspectives on the role of digital technology use in wellbeing and quality of life. The team have agreed to create briefing documents and infographics for the Trust staff and patients based on "what works" for a healthy relationship with time. These will be created once the findings of the project are confirmed. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Consultant Psychiatrists and Psychologists from Alder Hey have provided their expertise on the best ways to measure mental health and wellbeing, their suggestions have informed the selection of measures in the data collected to date in the project. Consultant Psychiatrists and Psychologists have also provided broader information about their anecdotal experiences of the impact of digital technology on mental health and wellbeing. |
| Impact | None to date. The collaboration is multidisciplinary by combining clinical and medical perspectives to the project. This complements and expands the psychological, neuroscience and sociological expertise in the project team. |
| Start Year | 2022 |
| Description | Co-operation Partnership with The Antiquarian Horological Society |
| Organisation | Antiquarian Horological Society |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| PI Contribution | The TIMED team consulted with members of AHS during the development of the project. Further collaboration's and contributions will be made when the data collected is analysed and contextualised within the broader history of temporal processing. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The AHS team provided contributions to the overall conceptualisation of the project during the application process. They will also provide consultation on how to contextualise the data within the broader history of time. |
| Impact | No impact or outcomes have been created at present. The collaboration is multidisciplinary as the AHS represents historians with an interest in time. |
| Start Year | 2022 |
| Description | Co-operation partner UNISON |
| Organisation | Unison |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| PI Contribution | The research team have held meetings and interviews with leaders and general members of UNISON to identify the most relevant elements of the project to UNISON. The team has also identified reports and blogs that they will provide to UNISON to assist them in their activities. |
| Collaborator Contribution | UNISON have provided advice and guidance on the overall direction of the project, the development of research questions and the identification of specific measures for research. They have also assisted in the recruitment of participants. |
| Impact | UNISON Trade Union are a co-operation partner of the TIMED project. During the first 15 months of the project we have met with several times to discuss the project and gain their input into the research questions posed through the project. This has included interviewing members of their team about the direction the project should take, identifying research questions and subsequent outputs which would be of benefit to their aims, co-production of research questions, and assistance in data collection and participant recruitment. |
| Start Year | 2022 |
| Title | Experience Sampling for Time Experience App |
| Description | A software application for use during experience sampling studies of time has been developed. The mobile phone application and accompanying experimenter dashboard is described below. Description of the applications developed a. Study management dashboard A dashboard has been developed to enable the various research teams involved in WP4 to manage the study. This dashboard makes it possible to: - Define the questionnaire items to be sent to the study participants (N=50 in each country). - Enter the translation of each item in each language. - Define the times at which notifications will be sent to participants on the application. - Create participant logins automatically. These logins (username + password) will be exported by each research team in each country and sent individually to each participant. - Check that the data is correctly collected for each participant in each country. Each participant will only be identified by an ID on this visualization dashboard. - Delete participants data if they request to dropout from the study. The dashboard will be accessible through a web browser, but only researchers involved in the project will be able to log in. b. Mobile application A mobile application was developed with the Flutter framework to collect participants data such as: - Physical activity (number of steps, but no GPS position) - Use of mobile application (time spent on each application) - Answers to questionnaires displayed on the app, sent by the management dashboard four times a day at specific moments in the day (randomized with +/- 1h) o on the perception of time, digitization, mood, loneliness, stress, sleep and physical activity (so, a priori, nothing characterized as sensitive) These data are sent by the visualization dashboard to the mobile application installed on each participant's smartphone (the frequency and time of day are still to be decided, but at least every day). Data is saved in a database managed by the cloud provider (see below) for visualization on the dashboard. Flutter allows a mobile development for both iOS and Android, but only participants with a smartphone running Android will participate in the study. Participants will have to log on to the mobile application using credentials sent by researchers in a PDF document. |
| Type Of Technology | Webtool/Application |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Open Source License? | Yes |
| Impact | The app is currently being used in the TIMED project. Once this is complete it will be made available for other researchers to use via open access. |
| Description | An ECR Spring School: Interdisciplinarity in DigiTech Research |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | As part of the TIMED project, we have organised a free early career researcher Spring School which aims to promote the importance of interdisciplinarity in digitech research. The Spring School is being held in Prague in conjunction with The Institute of Philosophy and Kampus Hebernska (an academic-community collaborative space). The Spring School aims to increase awareness of the importance of being interdisciplinary in research. The Spring school comprises of talks, panel discussions and workshops. Speakers include academics from all career stages from the UK, Germany, Czech Republic and Switzerland. It also includes talks from funders (AHRC) and workshops from arts-based academics and practitioners. The focus of the activities is to raise awareness of co-production and the benefits of arts based practices as a tool for social sciences researchers. The content of the workshop has been developed through consultation with the Charles University PGR network. Workshops are being co-developed and delivered with members of the CHANSE funded SMART-UP team, based in Prague. As part of the workshop, we have provided travel and accommodation costs for three unfunded ECRs to enable them to attend. The event will combine talks, workshops and interactive activities designed to help attendees explore and learn about: • initiating and developing collaborations with other investigators across disciplines • navigating the funding landscape • engaging stakeholders and creating impact • combining research with the arts • applying ethnographic methods, including digital ethnography • being successful in academia Overview of the programme Wednesday, 24th April 2024 The spring school will begin on Wednesday afternoon with introductory activities allowing all participants to get to know and introduce themselves to other researchers, followed by discussions and exercises to learn what interdisciplinarity means, why it is important and what the core issues are when it comes to investigating the impact of digital technology on individuals and societies. These activities will lead up to our keynote speech by Dr Ysabel Gerrard offering insights about the role of interdisciplinarity in Digitech research from an expert perspective. Thursday, 25th April 2024 The second day of our spring school will open with a talk by Dr. Jamie Davies presenting funder perspectives on interdisciplinarity and a Q and A session designed to facilitate conversations about how to secure funding successfully. Prof. Ruth Ogden will then lead an interactive activity to address the ins and outs of stakeholder identification and engagement. Art-based approaches to research will be introduced by Dr Mireille Fauchon, Gareth Proskourine-Barnett and Dr Dana Moree with a combination of talks and Q and A sessions. In the evening, we will invite all participants to listen to a panel discussion on how to achieve success in academia and provide the opportunity to question our panellists, Prof. Chantal Martin-Soelch, Dr Geoffrey Dierckxsens and Dr Eva Svatonova. Friday, 26th April 2024 The final day will be dedicated to a series of inspiring workshops. Dr Dana Moree will introduce attendees to the involvement of vulnerable groups and individuals with trauma in research, while our second workshop with Dr Mireille Fauchon and Gareth Proskourine-Barnett will focus on reimaging art and illustration as research tools. Finally, Dr Marie Hermanová, Dr Julia Gruhlich and Dr Nina Fárová will explore ethnographic methods and digital ethnography with participants. The spring school will conclude with a goodbye lunch on Friday afternoon. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| URL | https://www.timed-europe.net/post/free-spring-school-in-prague-for-early-career-researchers-programm... |
| Description | Book contract signed with Penguin Cornerstone (confidential) to write a popular science book on time and how to have a better relationship with it. |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | RO was approached by Penguin to write a popular science book about how people can improve their relationship with time. The book will be published in early 2027. It discusses the findings of TIMED, along with my broader research outside of the TIMED programme. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024,2025 |
| Description | Conversation Article: Technology is stealing your time in ways you may not realise - here's what you can do about it |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Ruth Ogden, Joanna Witowska and Vanda Cernohorská were commissioned by the Conversation UK to write an piece about the ways in which digital technology was stealing peoples time. The piece directly described the TIMED project and its broader findings. At the time of writing, the article has 65,000 reads on the Conversation website. It was republished by over 40 international news organisations including Scientific American magazine, Science Alert, Channel Asia News and Scroll India amongst others. The publication of the article also promoted a number of live radio interviews, including ABC Australia. Public comments on the article show a sense of increased understanding of impact of digitisation on time availability. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://theconversation.com/technology-is-stealing-your-time-in-ways-you-may-not-realise-heres-what-... |
| Description | Conversation article for the general public |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I wrote for The Conversation about the the way in which being in nature may be beneficial to reducing time poverty. The article reports the findings from TIMED. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| URL | https://theconversation.com/how-nature-can-alter-our-sense-of-time-225316 |
| Description | Conversation article for the general public |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | The purpose was to engage the public into thinking critically about their experiences of time, and advise them on how to control their experience of time. https://theconversation.com/emotions-change-our-perception-of-time-as-demonstrated-on-the-traitors-248254 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2025 |
| URL | https://theconversation.com/emotions-change-our-perception-of-time-as-demonstrated-on-the-traitors-2... |
| Description | Cover story BBC Science Focus Magazine |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | BBC Science Focus commissioned Ruth Ogden to write the cover story for the January edition of the print and online magazine. The article was designed to provide the general public with an overview of the ways in which their use of technology may be affecting the amount of time that they have during day to day life. It also included advice and tips to help them to change their behaviour to regain time in their lives. The piece described the key findings of the first work package of the TIMED Project. The discussion of practical advice to improve temporal control of digital technology was based directly on the findings from the project. Upon publication of the article, the BBC approached Ruth Ogden to do a podcast episode on the same topic. This is currently being planned. The editor reported the article was highly successful. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| URL | https://www.sciencefocus.com/magazine/new-issue-get-more-time |
| Description | National and International radio and podcast interviews on the topic of the impact of digitalisation on time experience. |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Since the start of the TIMED project, Ruth Ogden has been invited onto a number of national and international radio programs and podcasts to discuss the research conducted during the TIMED project. For radio, this has included BBC Radio Scotland, ABC Australia, BBC 5Live, NPR, RTE, CBA Canada. For podcasts this has included Financial Times Next 5 podcast which included discussions between Ruth Ogden, François-Henry Bennahmias, CEO of Audemars Pigue and Andreas Zimmer, Head of Product for Huawei Europe about how the digitisation of watches is altering time. Other podcasts include Somerset House's Soft Life discussing how digitalization and hustle culture alter time availability. All interviews have had the objective of increasing public awareness about the ways in which their use of digital technologies may be affecting the availability of time during their day to day lives. In addition, all interviews sought to provide the public with actionable advice regarding behavioural changes that they can adopt to gain greater control of time, or to reduce time pressure. Comments from the public suggested that all interviews increased knowledge and provided the information required for behavioural change. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/its-about-time-the-future-of-watches/id1586601359?i=1000629471... |
| Description | Project Website and Social Media Account |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | We have created a project website and a project Twitter account to increase the general public and non-academic stakeholders access to information about the project and its outcomes. Both sites enable visitors to access the latest content of the project and to ask questions to the researchers employed on the project. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023,2024 |
| URL | https://www.timed-europe.net/ |
| Description | TIME Magazine Article |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | An interview with Ruth Ogden was featured in Time Magazine. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://time.com/6260618/pandemic-relationship-with-time/ |
| Description | Workshop for stakeholders |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | In May we are holding a workshop in Friboug Switzerland to discuss time in a digital age. The workshop is aimed at professionals and non-academics. It includes talks from google, watch makers, time policy developers and people with lived experience of the negative consequences of online communications. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2025 |