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Understanding Factors Affecting Working Equid Welfare: Developing Engagement and Impact

Lead Research Organisation: University of Portsmouth
Department Name: Sch of Area Stud, Hist, Politics & Lit

Abstract

My research takes a holistic approach to evaluating the welfare of working horses, donkeys and mules; a group of animals that play a vital role in supporting millions of the poorest people around the world yet often suffer from poor welfare. This research takes into account the complex linkages that exist between animal welfare and both human and environmental factors in order to try and improve working equine welfare.

Across my PhD studies I identified elements of the owner-animal relationship that impact equine welfare and worked alongside NGOs to both evaluate the success of welfare initiatives and recognise barriers to welfare improvement. During the Fellowship I intend to continue building on this research and conduct a study with the donkey owning community on Lamu Island in Kenya. In conjunction with local stakeholders, I will develop an arts-based initiative. This research will use a community-based participatory arts approaches to raise awareness of donkey sentience and the risk factors for poor donkey welfare within the local community. It will also enable the community to engage with the results of research in an accessible and appealing way.

My aims for the Fellowship will be to develop my engagement with a range of important relevant audiences to maximise prospects for both collaboration and forward dissemination of my research findings. Alongside engaging directly with equid owning communities, through presenting and discussing my research findings with NGOs, my
results could be practically applied to increase impact at policy level through dialogues between NGOs and local governments and at ground level, through impacting the direction of future NGO welfare programming.

Presenting my research within the sphere of academia will also help me to disseminate my results more widely. I aim to publish two further research papers and attend a conference where alongside presenting my work I can engage with other researchers and policymakers to develop collaborative research opportunities for the future. Time will also be spent securing onwards research funding through writing a grant proposal which will build on all of the research I have carried out to date. In this way I will continue to support and advance my future research career.

Another aim of the Fellowship is to build networks to develop new avenues for collaboration and impact. I have collaborated previously with NGOs, internationally and in the UK to complete research projects and I plan to extend my network of practitioner contacts. I am especially keen to foster interdisciplinary connections between academia and NGOs. Whilst working in Lamu I would aim to build collaboration with animal welfare organisations, arts groups and community led organisations tackling the issue of plastic waste on the island. Crossing traditional disciplinary boundaries will enhance impact opportunities for research between university departments, within the NGO sector and the wider island community.

Publications

10 25 50
 
Title Lamu Donkey Welfare Forum Theatre Production 
Description A forum theatre production produced following a co-creation process with donkey owners and Lamu Arts and Theatre Alliance. The production followed the story of a family whose livelihood relied on their donkeys and the decisions that they made when facing challenging circumstances. The aspects of donkey welfare and management that featured throughout the play included: provision of adequate food, water and rest, seeking prompt veterinary treatment if an animal shows signs of illness, protection against and impacts of ingesting plastic waste and not overloading or beating donkeys. As the scenes were scripted to end badly for the characters (in the style of forum theatre), the consequences of poor donkey welfare, for both donkeys and people were explored. 
Type Of Art Performance (Music, Dance, Drama, etc) 
Year Produced 2023 
Impact The production has been re-staged for World Donkey Day and at the Annual Lamu Cultural Festival in 2024 by The Donkey Sanctuary as it was felt to be a successful tool in engaging the community with positive welfare messaging. 
URL https://thetimes.co.ke/2024/05/09/celebrating-the-unsung-heroes-the-donkey-sanctuary-kenya-commemora...
 
Description Research conducted during the award involved the first documented creation and evaluation of a donkey welfare themed drama production. The production was positively received by audiences. For adults more than 85% of respondents strongly agreed that the performance raised their awareness of three key learning indicators: donkey
health needs, donkey welfare needs and how much donkeys should carry. For young people, significant positive changes were seen in the belief that donkeys feel pain, how much individuals liked donkeys and how confident they felt in identifying how a donkey was feeling. Audiences also expressed a desire for the production to be performed more widely within the community. The research highlights the potential value of participatory theatre in community engagement for positive change in animal welfare across both adults and young people.

Other activity achieved through the award has included: two research publications; engagement with NGO stakeholders both to disseminate research results and to complete workshops on how academic outputs can be more useful to practitioners; contribution to the writing of a successful grant application to the British Academy.
Exploitation Route Arts-based methods are not widely used in the animal welfare field and as such this study provides valuable information on the potential of these methods to be an avenue for disseminating positive welfare information and stimulating discussion with communities. The findings are applicable beyond just donkey welfare and have direct relevance to animal welfare practitioners, especially those working internationally with 'hard to reach' communities.
Sectors Education

Other

 
Description The success of the donkey welfare drama piece in connecting with the public on Lamu Island has prompted NGO The Donkey Sanctuary to create future programming using drama to engage the public with animal health and welfare messaging including on the public health issue of rabies transfer.
First Year Of Impact 2025
Sector Other
Impact Types Societal

 
Description ODA Challenge-Oriented Research Grant
Amount £198,841 (GBP)
Funding ID IOCRG\100697 
Organisation The British Academy 
Sector Academic/University
Country United Kingdom
Start 05/2024 
End 12/2025
 
Title Evaluations of Forum Theatre as a Tool To Promote Positive Donkey Welfare on Lamu Island, Kenya, 2023-2024 
Description Dataset resulting from research evaluating the feasibility of using forum theatre to engage communities reliant on working donkeys with key welfare issues. Dataset contains both qualitative and quantitative data from questionnaires evaluating both adult public performances and secondary school performances of the donkey welfare drama production. Currently under embargo whilst a manuscript is in review, the dataset is uploaded in the ReShare repository with accompanying documentation. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2024 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact None yet 
 
Description NGO workshops 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Third sector organisations
Results and Impact Conducting lecture sessions for NGO research staff to update them on recent research and the outcomes of previous collaborative research projects
Facilitation of workshops for staff (from across different teams) focussing on maximising the impact of research outputs and how research results can be communicated both within the organisation and externally.
This generated discussion about the ways in which both NGOs and academics can work more effectively together to meet each others priorities in future collaborative work.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024