Immunomodulation and Vaccines
Lead Research Organisation:
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Department Name: UNLISTED
Abstract
Human beings evolved in the presence of exposure to many infectious diseases, including viruses, bacteria and worms. Our immune systems evolved to protect us from these agents. However, some of them have develop strategies to evade or regulate the human immune response in such a way that they can live in their human hosts for decades, or for life. These include some parasites (worms, malaria) the bacteria that live in our gut and on our skin, and some viruses. In populations where infectious diseases have become uncommon it is likely that our immune systems develop differently compared to populations where infections are still common. This may have both benefits and disadvantages. We are investigating the hypothesis that exposure to infections, and especially chronic parasitic infections, alters
1. Responses to vaccines – generally in an adverse way, reducing desired, protective vaccine responses
2. Responses to viruses which cause cancer – also reducing beneficial immune responses that control them
3. Susceptibility to asthma and allergy
4. Susceptibility to diabetes
We think that treating parasitic infections effectively may improve the response to vaccines and other infections, but increase the risk of allergy-related diseases and diabetes. Our studies are designed to find out whether this is so.
1. Responses to vaccines – generally in an adverse way, reducing desired, protective vaccine responses
2. Responses to viruses which cause cancer – also reducing beneficial immune responses that control them
3. Susceptibility to asthma and allergy
4. Susceptibility to diabetes
We think that treating parasitic infections effectively may improve the response to vaccines and other infections, but increase the risk of allergy-related diseases and diabetes. Our studies are designed to find out whether this is so.
Technical Summary
Our goal is to understand the impact of infection exposure on human immunological programming and health. Our overarching hypothesis is that chronic and cumulative infection exposure influences immunological mechanisms through active processes (during current infection), lasting epigenetic modifications, and genetic selection; that (therefore) some effects do not immediately respond to treatment; and that effects critically impact upon major health outcomes including vaccine responses and susceptibility to pathogens, allergy-related disease and metabolic conditions (Figure 8.8).
The main focus of our work is on vaccine responses, addressing the role of infectious exposures in striking population differences in vaccine immunogenicity. We also support studies on the role of chronic infection in allergy-related and metabolic disease susceptibility. Building on recent findings, exploiting unique platforms that we have established, we aim to determine the effects of infectious exposures (prenatal, cumulative life-time and current, active exposures) on health outcomes comprising:
1. Vaccine immunogenicity
2. Infectious disease susceptibility – focussing on oncogenic viruses
3. Asthma phenotypes and allergy-related effector mechanisms
4. Infection, inflammation and cardio-metabolic risk
To obtain deeper insights into mechanisms by which infections have their effects, we plan complementary studies (for which funding is available, or being sought elsewhere) on the mediating role of the microbiome and on the mediating role of epigenetic modifications
In addition, the programme supports related studies on tuberculosis and schistosomiasis, and genetic studies.
The main focus of our work is on vaccine responses, addressing the role of infectious exposures in striking population differences in vaccine immunogenicity. We also support studies on the role of chronic infection in allergy-related and metabolic disease susceptibility. Building on recent findings, exploiting unique platforms that we have established, we aim to determine the effects of infectious exposures (prenatal, cumulative life-time and current, active exposures) on health outcomes comprising:
1. Vaccine immunogenicity
2. Infectious disease susceptibility – focussing on oncogenic viruses
3. Asthma phenotypes and allergy-related effector mechanisms
4. Infection, inflammation and cardio-metabolic risk
To obtain deeper insights into mechanisms by which infections have their effects, we plan complementary studies (for which funding is available, or being sought elsewhere) on the mediating role of the microbiome and on the mediating role of epigenetic modifications
In addition, the programme supports related studies on tuberculosis and schistosomiasis, and genetic studies.
Organisations
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (Lead Research Organisation)
- Uganda National Expanded Programme on Immunisation (Collaboration)
- Makerere University (Collaboration)
- University of Manchester (Collaboration)
- University of Bergen (Collaboration)
- Wellcome Trust (Collaboration)
- Ministry of Health, Uganda (Collaboration)
- UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD (Collaboration)
- Uganda Christian University (Collaboration)
- Leiden University Medical Center (Collaboration)
- UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW (Collaboration)
- University of the Witwatersrand (Collaboration)
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (Collaboration)
- UNIVERSITY OF YORK (Collaboration)
- Uganda Virus Research Institute (Collaboration)
Publications
Abaasa A
(2023)
Establishing a single-sex controlled human Schistosoma mansoni infection model for Uganda: protocol for safety and dose-finding trial.
in Immunotherapy advances
Ahimbisibwe G
(2023)
Feasibility and acceptability of undertaking postmortem studies for tuberculosis medical research in a low income country.
in Frontiers in immunology
Akurut H
(2020)
Anthelminthic treatment receipt and its predictors in Lake Victoria fishing communities, Uganda: Intervention coverage results from the LaVIISWA cluster randomised trial.
in PLoS neglected tropical diseases
Alabi A
(2021)
Establishing a controlled hookworm human infection (CHHI) model for Africa: A report from the stakeholders meeting held in Lambaréné, Gabon, November 10-11, 2019
in Archives of Public Health
Andia Biraro I
(2021)
Analysis of the MUII-plus mentorship programme: reflections of Fellows' experiences and lessons for other programmes
in AAS Open Research
Andia Biraro I
(2020)
Analysis of the MUII-plus mentorship programme: reflections of Fellows' experiences and lessons for other programmes
in AAS Open Research
Anywaine Z
(2022)
Clinical manifestations of Rift Valley fever in humans: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
in PLoS neglected tropical diseases
Related Projects
Project Reference | Relationship | Related To | Start | End | Award Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MC_UU_00027/1 | 01/02/2018 | 30/03/2023 | £2,855,127 | ||
MC_UU_00027/2 | Transfer | MC_UU_00027/1 | 01/02/2018 | 30/03/2023 | £1,326,187 |
MC_UU_00027/3 | Transfer | MC_UU_00027/2 | 01/02/2018 | 30/03/2023 | £1,829,053 |
MC_UU_00027/4 | Transfer | MC_UU_00027/3 | 01/02/2018 | 30/03/2023 | £959,532 |
MC_UU_00027/5 | Transfer | MC_UU_00027/4 | 01/02/2018 | 30/03/2023 | £932,836 |
Description | Advisory Board member, AAS Open Research |
Geographic Reach | Africa |
Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
Impact | This is an Open Research publishing platforms targeting leading African researchers |
URL | https://aasopenresearch.org/ |
Description | Data and Safety Monitoring Board, rabies vaccine trial |
Geographic Reach | Africa |
Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
Impact | Continuing participation in a DSMB of importance in development of an improved rabies vaccine |
Description | Joint Ethical/Regulatory Review Meeting on Controlled Human Infection studies for schistosomiasis |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
Impact | Part of a series of engagement on controlled human infection studies informing the development of regulatory procedures and approaches in Uganda. This was also the first step in the process for achieving approval of our proposed work on controlled human infection with schistosomiasis in Uganda |
Description | Meetings with the Ministry of Health on Ebola Vaccine trials |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
Description | Wellcome Genome Campus Advanced Courses - Overseas Expert Panel member |
Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
Impact | Advising on international courses on genetics and bioinformatics run by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, impacting on education for African scientists. |
URL | https://coursesandconferences.wellcomegenomecampus.org/event-type/overseas-courses/ |
Description | "A multi-centre Phase III double-blind, randomized, controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of VPM1002 in comparison to BCG" |
Amount | € 12,493,179 (EUR) |
Organisation | European Commission |
Sector | Public |
Country | European Union (EU) |
Start | 04/2018 |
Description | African Academy of Sciences grant: Impact of co-infections and host genetics on susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease severity in well-studied cohorts in Uganda (CoHost) |
Amount | $199,945 (USD) |
Funding ID | SARSCov2-3-20-002 |
Organisation | MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS |
Sector | Public |
Country | Uganda |
Start | 03/2021 |
End | 02/2023 |
Description | Characterization of protein and glycan epitopes recognised following controlled human infection with Schistosoma mansoni in an endemic population |
Amount | € 149,846 (EUR) |
Organisation | Sixth Framework Programme (FP6) |
Department | European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership |
Sector | Public |
Country | Netherlands |
Start | 08/2021 |
End | 08/2024 |
Description | Clinical and immunological impact of S. mansoni infection and treatment on the course of HBV infection among urban Ugandans |
Amount | $750,000 (USD) |
Organisation | National Institutes of Health (NIH) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United States |
Start | 03/2020 |
End | 03/2025 |
Description | HIC-VAC pump priming grant with Meta Roestenberg "Preparing for Schistosoma mansoni controlled human infection studies in Uganda" |
Amount | £89,563 (GBP) |
Organisation | Imperial College London |
Sector | Academic/University |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start |
Description | Human infection studies for Schistosoma mansoni vaccine testing in Uganda |
Amount | £640,968 (GBP) |
Funding ID | 218454/Z/19/Z |
Organisation | Wellcome Trust |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 05/2020 |
End | 10/2025 |
Description | Human infection studies for Schistosoma mansoni vaccine testing in Uganda |
Amount | £30,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | 215993 |
Organisation | Wellcome Trust |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 04/2019 |
End | 11/2019 |
Description | Masters Training Fellowship for Agnes Mutua: "Investigating the influence of vitamin D status on cognitive and motor development in young African children" (role, sponsor) |
Amount | £119,212 (GBP) |
Funding ID | 209640 |
Organisation | Wellcome Trust |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start |
Description | NIHR Global Health Groupon on vaccines for vulnerable people in Africa (VAnguard) |
Amount | £2,984,447 (GBP) |
Funding ID | NIHR134531 |
Organisation | National Institute for Health Research |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 08/2022 |
End | 02/2026 |
Description | Population differences in vaccine response: the role, reversibility and mediators of immunomodulation by chronic parasitic infections in the tropics |
Amount | £2,319,188 (GBP) |
Funding ID | MR/R02118X/1 |
Organisation | Medical Research Council (MRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 04/2018 |
End | 04/2022 |
Description | Supplement to MRC Programme Grant, Population differences in vaccine response: the role, reversibility and mediators of immunomodulation by chronic parasitic infections |
Amount | £200,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | MC_PC 21034 |
Organisation | United Kingdom Research and Innovation |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 04/2022 |
End | 04/2023 |
Description | Tropical Medicine Research Centers: Uganda Schistosomiasis Multidisciplinary Research Center |
Amount | $2,653,173 (USD) |
Funding ID | U01AI168609 |
Organisation | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United States |
Start | 04/2022 |
End | 04/2027 |
Description | Wellcome International Training Fellowship for Gyaviira Nkurunungi: "The impact of differential parasite exposure on immunological and metabolic predictors of vaccine response in the tropics" |
Amount | £296,299 (GBP) |
Funding ID | 224263/Z/21/Z |
Organisation | Wellcome Trust |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 03/2022 |
End | 03/2025 |
Title | Educational materials on CHI-S |
Description | (Please note, our tool does not exactly fit the categories above!). We developed and tested educational materials for potential participants in CHI-S studies. A publication is in preparation. |
Type Of Material | Model of mechanisms or symptoms - human |
Year Produced | 2019 |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | Will be used in future studies |
Title | Data supporting "Does schistosome or malaria exposure contribute to urban-rural differences in vaccine responses in Uganda? A causal mediation analysis using data from three linked randomised controlled trials." |
Description | This dataset comprises individual-level data from participants in the POPVAC series of three randomised controlled trials. POPVAC A was conducted among schoolchildren from Koome islands, Uganda (a schistosomiasis-endemic setting), POPVAC B was conducted among schoolchildren from Jinja district, Uganda (a malaria-endemic setting), POPVAC C was conducted among schoolchildren from Entebbe, Uganda (a lower infection prevalence setting). |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2024 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | This dataset comprises individual-level data from participants in the POPVAC series of three randomised controlled trials. POPVAC A was conducted among schoolchildren from Koome islands, Uganda (a schistosomiasis-endemic setting), POPVAC B was conducted among schoolchildren from Jinja district, Uganda (a malaria-endemic setting), POPVAC C was conducted among schoolchildren from Entebbe, Uganda (a lower infection prevalence setting). |
URL | https://datacompass.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/3761 |
Title | Data supporting "The effect of intensive praziquantel treatment on vaccine-specific responses among schoolchildren in Ugandan schistosomiasis-endemic islands: results of the POPVAC A randomised, controlled trial" |
Description | This dataset comprises individual-level data from participants in the POPVAC A randomised controlled trial. POPVAC A was an open-label randomised controlled trial of intensive versus standard intervention against Schistosoma mansoni among schoolchildren (9-17 years) in Koome islands, Uganda (ISRCTN60517191). The aim of the trial was to comprehensively address the hypothesis that Schistosoma mansoni infection causes suppression of responses to unrelated vaccines and that this effect can be reversed by intensive treatment with praziquantel. The trial population was selected to comprise children at intense risk of exposure to Schistosoma mansoni infection in a "hot-spot", island setting in Lake Victoria, Uganda. A portfolio of vaccines, of potential benefit to the children and comprising live, inert, oral and parenteral, was provided to enable a comprehensive assessment and comparison of effects of intensive treatment of Schistosoma mansoni on immune response to vaccines with different characteristics. |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2024 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | This dataset comprises individual-level data from participants in the POPVAC A randomised controlled trial. POPVAC A was an open-label randomised controlled trial of intensive versus standard intervention against Schistosoma mansoni among schoolchildren (9-17 years) in Koome islands, Uganda (ISRCTN60517191). |
URL | https://datacompass.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/3758 |
Title | Data supporting "The effect of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine on vaccine-specific responses among schoolchildren in rural Uganda: results of the POPVAC B randomised, controlled trial" |
Description | This dataset comprises individual-level data from participants in the POPVAC B randomised controlled trial. POPVAC B was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the effect of malaria IPT with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) on vaccine responses among schoolchildren (9-17 years) in Jinja district, Uganda (ISRCTN62041885). The aim of the trial was to comprehensively address the hypothesis that malaria infection causes suppression of responses to unrelated vaccines and that this effect can be reversed at least partially, by monthly intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) of malaria in high-transmission settings. A portfolio of vaccines, of potential benefit to the children and comprising live, inert, oral and parenteral, was provided to enable a comprehensive assessment and comparison of effects of IPT of malaria on immune response to vaccines with different characteristics. |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2024 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Newly available database, likely to contribute to international collaborations on factors that determine vaccine response |
URL | https://datacompass.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/3759 |
Title | Data supporting: "The effect of BCG revaccination on the response to unrelated vaccines in urban Ugandan adolescents: results of the POPVAC C randomised, controlled trial" |
Description | This dataset comprises individual-level data from participants in the POPVAC C randomised controlled trial. POPVAC C was an open-label randomised controlled trial of Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) revaccination versus no BCG among schoolchildren in Entebbe, Uganda (ISRCTN10482904). The aim of the trial was to comprehensively address the hypothesis that revaccination with BCG might enhance responses to unrelated vaccines. A portfolio of vaccines, of potential benefit to the children and comprising live, inert, oral and parenteral, was provided to enable a comprehensive assessment and comparison of effects of BCG revaccination on immune response to vaccines with different characteristics. |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2024 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Newly available database, likely to contribute to international collaborations on factors that determine vaccine response |
URL | https://datacompass.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/3760 |
Title | Effect of intensive versus standard anthelminthic treatment on growth and cognition among children living in a high Schistosoma mansoni transmission setting - Supporting Information |
Description | Supplementary documents for Cognitive Function Cohort manuscript. Table s1 contain a descriptive summary for the cytokines at one year, Table s2 outlines an association between worm infection and cytokine concentration at one year, Table 3s indicates the effect of treatment on cytokine concentration, Table 4s outlines associations between TNF- alpha concentrations (log 10) and motor and cognitive scores, Table 5s summarises associations between IL-6 concentrations (log10) and motor and cognitive scores, Table 6s lists associations between IL-10 concentrations(log10) and motor and cognitive scores, Table 7s outlines association between worm infection and treatment with iron measured using Ferritin and transferrin, Table 8s indicates, association between serum ferritin and cognitive outcomes, and Table 9s outlines association between soluble transferrin receptor and cognitive outcomes. |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2020 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Not known |
URL | https://datacompass.lshtm.ac.uk/1895/ |
Title | Entebbe Mother and Baby Study |
Description | This is a collection of data and samples derived from our birth cohort (~2700 participants) which was recruited in Uganda between 2003 and 2006. |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2011 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Multiple outputs currently emerging in terms of genetic analysis as well as orginally planned publications |
URL | http://emabs.lshtm.ac.uk/ |
Title | Entebbe Mother and Baby Study - Data at one year |
Description | Data from an African birth cohort |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2017 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Contribution to data on life-course exposures in African children |
URL | http://datacompass.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/291 |
Title | Ethical and practical considerations arising from community consultation on implementing controlled human infection studies using Schistosoma mansoni in Uganda |
Description | Issues related to controlled human infection studies using Schistosoma mansoni (CHI-S) were explored to ensure the ethical and voluntary participation of potential CHI-S volunteers in an endemic setting in Uganda. We invited volunteers from a fishing community and a tertiary education community to guide the development of informed consent procedures. Consultative group discussions were held to modify educational materials on schistosomiasis, vaccines and the CHI-S model and similar discussions were held with a test group. With both groups, a mock consent process was conducted. Fourteen in-depth key informant interviews and three group discussions were held to explore perceptions towards participating in a CHI-S. Most of the participants had not heard of the CHI-S. Willingness to take part depended on understanding the study procedures and the consenting process. Close social networks were key in deciding to take part. The worry of adverse effects was cited as a possible hindrance to taking part. Volunteer time compensation was unclear for a CHI-S. Potential volunteers in these communities are willing to take part in a CHI-S. Community engagement is needed to build trust and time must be taken to share study procedures and ensure understanding of key messages. |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2022 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Basis for further development of controlled human infection studies in Uganda |
URL | https://tandf.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Ethical_and_practical_considerations_arising_from_commun... |
Title | Internal monitoring within MUII-plus for research capacity development |
Description | A dataset on 25 projects that provided data on an internal monitoring evaluation of the Makerere University-Uganda Virus Research Institute Centre of Excellence for Infection and Immunity Research and Training (MUII-plus) research programme. The dataset contains 75 variables on projects adherence to the approved protocol, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), Good Clinical Practices (GCP) and Good Clinical Laboratory Practices (GCLP), other applicable regulatory requirements, study related training and presence of adequate facilities required for study related procedures. |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2020 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Not known |
URL | http://datacompass.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/1938 |
Title | Study investigating the clinical manifestations of Rift Valley fever in humans: Systematic review and meta-analysis |
Description | Data extraction in this study was aimed at achieving three main purposes: 1) obtain data that describe the characteristics of the included studies, 2) obtain data for assessing the quality of included studies, and 3) obtain data for synthesizing the frequency and duration of clinical manifestations and duration of illness since onset to diagnosis. Information was abstracted on the characteristics of eligible studies including first author's surname, year of publication, type of article (abstract or full text), list of countries where the study was conducted, information on the study design (cohort, cross sectional/outbreak investigation, intervention studies, case series, reviews); demographics (number of participants that were enrolled, age, sex and nationality); laboratory tests used to confirm diagnosis of RVF (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay or ELISA (IgM & IgG), real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) or quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), plaque reduction neutralisation test (PRNT) and focus reduction neutralisation test (FRNT) or other serological and viral antigen tests etc). Data on the number or proportion that had co-infections and type of co-infection such as hepatitis B, malaria, schistosomiasis etcetera were also captured. Rift Valley fever presents among humans in form of clinical syndromes including the general febrile syndrome, hepatic or abdominal syndrome, encephalitis syndrome, visual syndrome and haemorrhagic syndrome. Data was collected on several RVF clinical manifestations in humans for which proportion or description of symptoms was recorded. Data was also extracted on the frequency and levels of each laboratory parameter reported. |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2021 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Not known |
URL | https://datacompass.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/2178 |
Description | Afzal Siddiqui, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center |
Organisation | Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center |
Country | United States |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | We have developed a funding proposal to be supported by the Wellcome Trust for establishment of a Controlled Human Infection model for Schistosomiasis (CHI-S) in Uganda. Together with Meta Roestenberg and colleagues, we held a meeting in Leiden to discuss the proposed work. |
Collaborator Contribution | Dr Siddiqui and colleagues have developed a candidate vaccine which we plan to test using the CHI-S model |
Impact | The grant application was recommended for funding by the Wellcome Trust panel; details of the award are in the final stages of negotiation |
Start Year | 2019 |
Description | Arbovirology, UVRI |
Organisation | Uganda Virus Research Institute |
Department | Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infections |
Country | Uganda |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | We are conducting the POPVAC research programme, samples from which will be processed by the department of arbovirology at UVRI |
Collaborator Contribution | They will undertake yellow fever plaque reduction neutralisation tests. |
Impact | Not yet |
Start Year | 2020 |
Description | Co-supervision with colleagues from Witwatersrand |
Organisation | University of the Witwatersrand |
Department | School of Public Health |
Country | South Africa |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | We are jointly supervising PhD student Lawrence Lubyayi who is using data form this project for his PhD |
Collaborator Contribution | We are jointly supervising PhD student Lawrence Lubyayi who is using data form this project for his PhD |
Impact | Draft paper |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | Dr Cecile Crosnier |
Organisation | University of York |
Department | Department of Biology |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | We are working with Dr Cecile Crosnier on her MRC Career Development Award to extend Dr Moses Egesa's work "Epitope mapping of schistosome tegument and alimentary tract proteins in humans". |
Collaborator Contribution | Dr Crosnier has availed a library of recombinant parasite proteins for use in assays with samples from Schistosomiasis endemic populations to identify the targets of protective immunity. |
Impact | A large resource of recombinant parasite proteins to identify the targets of protective immunity |
Start Year | 2022 |
Description | Dr James Hewitson |
Organisation | University of York |
Department | Department of Biology |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | James Hewitson |
Collaborator Contribution | With Dr Hewitson, we have applied and successfully obtained two grants from GCRF and one from the MRC. Dr Moses Egesa has been seconded as Post-doctoral Research Associate to the Hewitson Laboratory to study (1) in vivo anti-schistosome immune responses in endemic populations using humanised mouse models of schistosomiasis and (2) infection-induced changes in haematopoiesis. Dr Egesa underwent training in animal models of schistosomiasis, cutting-edge technologies (humanised mouse models) and specialised immunological techniques (e.g. confocal microscopy, multi-parameter flow cytometry) |
Impact | Dr Egesa completed accredited training for personnel working under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986; EU Modules achieved: PIL AB (by The University of Newcastle) EU Modules achieved: PIL C (by The Royal Veterinary College) |
Start Year | 2019 |
Description | Early versus late BCG vaccination in HIV-1 exposed infants in Uganda |
Organisation | Makerere University |
Department | School of Public Health |
Country | Uganda |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Dr Steve Cose was invited to collaborate on the above funded clinical trial, as the Immunologist for the trial. The trial is funded by the Research Council for Norway, and has now funded a PhD student. Dr Cose is formally registered as a PhD supervisor for the student. This collaboration and PhD student has come as a direct result of his work in Uganda on our MRC Project grant, and our international reputation for undertaking studies on tuberculosis. Our lab will serve as the research lab for all immunological outputs and analysis. |
Collaborator Contribution | The senior authors for this clinical trial (NCT02606526) are leading epidemiologists who conceived the idea and obtained funding. The primary outcomes for this trial are to compare the risk of severe illness during the first 14 weeks of life, in infants given BCG at birth compared to those given BCG at 14 weeks. Secondary outcomes are to examine the immunological mechanisms behind any effect - in particular the hypothesis that BCG induces trained immunity in the innate immune system, and that giving BCG at birth results in a lower incidence of recorded severe illness events in this group of children. The lead authors will undertake the epidemiological analyses and trial co-ordination. |
Impact | None as yet. |
Start Year | 2016 |
Description | Early versus late BCG vaccination in HIV-1 exposed infants in Uganda |
Organisation | University of Bergen |
Department | Department of Earth Science |
Country | Norway |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Dr Steve Cose was invited to collaborate on the above funded clinical trial, as the Immunologist for the trial. The trial is funded by the Research Council for Norway, and has now funded a PhD student. Dr Cose is formally registered as a PhD supervisor for the student. This collaboration and PhD student has come as a direct result of his work in Uganda on our MRC Project grant, and our international reputation for undertaking studies on tuberculosis. Our lab will serve as the research lab for all immunological outputs and analysis. |
Collaborator Contribution | The senior authors for this clinical trial (NCT02606526) are leading epidemiologists who conceived the idea and obtained funding. The primary outcomes for this trial are to compare the risk of severe illness during the first 14 weeks of life, in infants given BCG at birth compared to those given BCG at 14 weeks. Secondary outcomes are to examine the immunological mechanisms behind any effect - in particular the hypothesis that BCG induces trained immunity in the innate immune system, and that giving BCG at birth results in a lower incidence of recorded severe illness events in this group of children. The lead authors will undertake the epidemiological analyses and trial co-ordination. |
Impact | None as yet. |
Start Year | 2016 |
Description | Edridah Tukahebwa, Narcis Kabatereine |
Organisation | Ministry of Health, Uganda |
Department | Vector Control Division |
Country | Uganda |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | These collaborators have expertise in the epidemiology, diagnosis and control of helminth infections. They also understand policy implications and applications. We have worked with them on implementation of all our helminth related work in Uganda. |
Collaborator Contribution | These collaborators have expertise in the epidemiology, diagnosis and control of helminth infections. They also understand policy implications and applications. |
Impact | Numerous papers and presentations Stakeholders' meetings Grants |
Description | Helen McShane, Adrian Hill, Alex Mentzer |
Organisation | University of Oxford |
Department | Jenner Institute |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Collaboration on (1) genetic studies on the response to infant vaccines (on-going) (2) a trial investigating the impact of schistosomiasis on the response to candidate TB vaccine MVA85A (completed) (3) a trial of ChAdOx1 85A and MVA85A as a new regimen for boosting TB immunity in adolescents. We are conducting the trial in Uganda (about to start) |
Collaborator Contribution | For (1) the partners provide expertise in genetics For (2) and (3) the partners are providing the vaccine, as well as contributing expertise in TB vaccine trials |
Impact | Publications and conference presentations DPhil for Alex Mentzer (completed) Contributions to PhDs for Swaib Lule (completed), Anne Wajja (on-going) and Beatrice Nassanga (about to commence) |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | Maria Yazdanbakhsh; Meta Roestenberg |
Organisation | Leiden University Medical Center |
Country | Netherlands |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | We are undertaking collaborations with LUMC department of parasitology on immuno-epidemiological effects of helminths, and on schistosomiasis vaccine development including controlled human infection models for schistosomiasis (CHI-S) In 2019 we developed a proposal for establishing the CHI-S in Uganda which the Wellcome Trust panel supported for funding. We are awaiting the award letter. |
Collaborator Contribution | The partners provide technical expertise, particularly in parasite immunology and |
Impact | PhD: co-supervision to completion of two fellows, Gyaviira Nkurunungi and Moses Egesa (both completed successfully in 2019). Publications and conference presentations. New grants for preparatory work on Sm-CHI |
Start Year | 2011 |
Description | MoH UNEPI programme |
Organisation | Uganda National Expanded Programme on Immunisation |
Country | Uganda |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | We are running the POPVAC trials which will provide EPI with information on the effects of parasitic infections on the response to widely used vaccines. |
Collaborator Contribution | The EPI programme is providing HPV vaccine for individuals in the POPVAC trials. As well, they are supporting us with training and advice. |
Impact | None as yet |
Start Year | 2018 |
Description | NIHR Global Health Group, VAnguard |
Organisation | Uganda Christian University |
Country | Uganda |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | This is a new Global Health Group which I lead together with Professor Pontiano Kaleebu, taking forward our work on optimising vaccine benefits for vulnerable populations in Africa. |
Collaborator Contribution | Partners are leading various work packages |
Impact | No outputs yet. |
Start Year | 2022 |
Description | NIHR Global Health Group, VAnguard |
Organisation | Uganda Virus Research Institute |
Country | Uganda |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | This is a new Global Health Group which I lead together with Professor Pontiano Kaleebu, taking forward our work on optimising vaccine benefits for vulnerable populations in Africa. |
Collaborator Contribution | Partners are leading various work packages |
Impact | No outputs yet. |
Start Year | 2022 |
Description | NIHR Global Health Group, VAnguard |
Organisation | University of Oxford |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | This is a new Global Health Group which I lead together with Professor Pontiano Kaleebu, taking forward our work on optimising vaccine benefits for vulnerable populations in Africa. |
Collaborator Contribution | Partners are leading various work packages |
Impact | No outputs yet. |
Start Year | 2022 |
Description | NIHR Global Health Group, VAnguard |
Organisation | Wellcome Trust |
Department | KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme |
Country | Kenya |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | This is a new Global Health Group which I lead together with Professor Pontiano Kaleebu, taking forward our work on optimising vaccine benefits for vulnerable populations in Africa. |
Collaborator Contribution | Partners are leading various work packages |
Impact | No outputs yet. |
Start Year | 2022 |
Description | Richard Grencis |
Organisation | University of Manchester |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Together with Prof Grencis, we won a Royal Society Collaborative Award to support further work on the metabolic impacts of helminth infection. We contribute studies in humans populations |
Collaborator Contribution | Prof Grencis and colleagues support work in the mouse model, as well as training for Ugandan scientists. |
Impact | A Masters degree in Bioinformatics form the University of Manchester for Bridgious Walusimbi |
Start Year | 2016 |
Description | Sarah Atkinson |
Organisation | Wellcome Trust |
Department | KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme |
Country | Kenya |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | We have provided samples and data from the Entebbe Mother and Baby Study for work on the relationship between iron deficiency and malaria. |
Collaborator Contribution | Our partners have assembled an international collaboration with data from four major cohorts and have conducted analyses on iron status and genetics. |
Impact | Publications and conference presentations. PhD in progress for John Muriuki Two Masters degrees in progress. |
Start Year | 2016 |
Description | Uganda Schistosomiasis Multidisciplinary Research Center |
Organisation | Uganda Virus Research Institute |
Country | Uganda |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | This is an NIH-funded Tropical Medicine Research Center which I lead. |
Collaborator Contribution | Partners lead on various aspects of the work, through Working Groups. |
Impact | Uganda Schistosomiasis Symposium held March 2023 |
Start Year | 2022 |
Description | Uganda Schistosomiasis Multidisciplinary Research Center |
Organisation | University of Glasgow |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | This is an NIH-funded Tropical Medicine Research Center which I lead. |
Collaborator Contribution | Partners lead on various aspects of the work, through Working Groups. |
Impact | Uganda Schistosomiasis Symposium held March 2023 |
Start Year | 2022 |
Title | TB042 tuberculosis vaccine trial |
Description | Tuberculosis candidate vaccine regimen ChAdOx1 85A/MVA85A was compared to BCG for boosting TB-specific responses in Ugandan adolescents |
Type | Therapeutic Intervention - Vaccines |
Current Stage Of Development | Early clinical assessment |
Year Development Stage Completed | 2022 |
Development Status | Under active development/distribution |
Clinical Trial? | Yes |
Impact | Evidence in support of further development of tuberculosis vaccines of this type. |
Description | African Immunobiology of Parasites, Pathogens, and Pathogenesis (AfrIBOP) course held (13th February 2024) at the KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP) in Kilifi, Kenya |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Dr Moses Egesa, gave an invited talk on the Wellcome-funded programme to establish a controlled human infection with Schistosoma mansoni in Uganda and on his EDCTP2-funded Career Development Fellowship project to profile antibodies to S. mansoni epitopes to about 100 African investigators. AfrIBOP course held annually since 2016 to equip young African investigators with basic immunology knowledge and its application to infectious diseases; provide young African investigators with the most recent data on the immunoepidemiology of infectious diseases and implications for vaccine development; provide young African investigators the opportunity to discuss their research projects with experts in the field; foster collaborations and enable the development of an African network of scientists where region-specific problems can be addressed; how to write grant applications; and train flow cytometry and bioinformatics. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
URL | https://www.gla.ac.uk/research/az/wcip/postgraduatecoursesandteaching/afribop/#afribop2024 |
Description | Commissioning of MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Clinical Research Facility |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Commissioning of new clinical research facility |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Community engagement and consent process for implementing controlled human infection studies using Schistosoma mansoni in Uganda at the British Society for Parasitology Autumn Symposium 19-20 September at Keele University, UKAugust 2022 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | A zoom participation to talk to international parasitologists to discuss the latest in parasite biology and control of parasitic diseases. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://bsp.uk.net/Events |
Description | Ebola Vaccine Trial meetings |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Discussions on vaccine trials for the Sudan Ebola Vaccine |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022,2023 |
Description | Emerging and Complex Study Designs Training (13th February 2024) at the Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Dr Moses Egesa conducted a session on Controlled human infection (CHI) model to members of up to six Research Ethics Committee (REC) during the SCALE-IT Project Emerging and Complex Study Designs Training (13th Feb 2024) at IDI, Makerere. The session focused on key aspects in controlled human infection models and areas of focus for REC members while reviewing studies with controlled human infection models. He used this opportunity to share experiences on the CHI for schistosomiasis conducted by the MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit. The sessions had 30-45 members of the different RECs at Mulago Hospital and the College of Health Sciences. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
URL | https://idi.mak.ac.ug/ |
Description | Engagement with CHI-S target communities |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | We undertook a project engaging target communities for Controlled human infection studies to understand knowledge of schistosomiasis, attitudes to controlled infection studies and issues that might arise for participants from endemic communities during such studies; we tested information to be provided, and the consenting process. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019,2020 |
Description | Engagement with district authorities in planning of the POPVAC B trial in Jinja District |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | An on-going series of meetings with district health and education authorities to plan and then conduct the POPVAC B trial in Jinja district. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020,2021,2022 |
Description | Establishing a Schistosoma mansoni Controlled Human Infection studies for Uganda held at Nkumba University 26th November 2021 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | This was the inaugural Nkumba International Research Conference held at Nkumba University - where we have set up study sites for the Controlled human infection studies. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Establishing a single sex Schistosoma mansoni controlled human infection model for Uganda - the Parasitic Helminths: New Perspectives in Biology and Infection held in Hydra, Greece September 2023 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | 100 investigators attend this Conference in the Mediterranean Greek island of Hydra since 2002. This collaborative and interactive conference covers diverse topics from genomics, immunology to tropical medicine relevant to global health. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
URL | https://hydra.bio.ed.ac.uk/ |
Description | Global Challenges & Opportunities for Vaccines |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | A workshop on the immunomodulating effects of helminth infection. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
Description | Hypovax: connecting people to reverse vaccine hyporesponsiveness |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | A workshop on population differences in vaccine responses and how hyporesponsiveness could be addressed. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
URL | https://hypovax.org/ |
Description | Legal status of controlled human infection studies in Uganda |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | We met with lawyers in Uganda and obtained a legal opinion to the effect that there is no legal barrier to controlled human infection with schistosomes in Uganda. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Meeting with Koome island community leaders |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
Results and Impact | Two meetings were held (April and July) with community leaders from island communities who will take part in the study |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Meeting with UNEPI |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | A meeting was held with colleagues from the Uganda National Expanded Programme on Immunisation to discuss project plans |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Meeting with policy makers |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Meeting with the manager of the Uganda Tuberculosis Control Programme to share results. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Meetings at Koome schools |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
Results and Impact | A series of meetings were held with teachers, parents and community members to inform them about the study |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Mukono District meeting |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Discussions were held with Mukono district leaders about the project plans |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Open Day for Secondary Schools |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | We led an Open Day at the Uganda Virus Research Institute, in collaboration with Makerere University. About 900 senior secondary students attended with their teachers. The guest of honour was the Minister of State for Education and Sports (Higher Education). |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
URL | http://www.muii.org.ug/ |
Description | Optimms investigators' meeting |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Investigators meeting attended by partners from Uganda, UK and Nepal. Discussion of progress and preliminary results, and way forward. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
Description | Outbreaks stakeholders workshop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | This was a stakeholders' workshop for researchers and outbreak control implementers from East Africa, to share activities and discuss needs in terms of research and implementation capacity for the control of outbreak diseases |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | POPVAC Programme Steering Committee Meeting |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Steering Committee meetings are held annually. Members include representatives of the District Health Leadership and of the Vector Control Division of the Ministry of Health. Also international experts. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018,2019,2020,2021 |
Description | Programme staff retreat |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Programme staff retreat. Team building and education in financial management |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | SYMPOSIUM. "Research in Context: contributing to the SDGs" |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | We held a symposium to discuss how research, particularly laboratory based health research, in Uganda could contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals. We had excellent keynote addresses from the WHO representative to Uganda, and from Dr Annettee Nakimuli, an obstetrician and rising research star on maternal and neonatal health. We also had a dynamic panel discussion on translating laboratory work into implementable tools and products. As well as short presentations from research students and fellows. There was interaction with the media. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
URL | http://www.muii.org.ug/ |
Description | Symposium |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Dissemination meeting for researchers from the HATUA consortium (GCRF-funded, on Anti-Microbial Resistance) and MUII-plus (DELTAS Africa consortium, research and capacity building in infection and immunity). Attended by Uganda's Honourable Minister for Science, Technology and Innovation. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Symposium: Science for Africa: looking to the 2020s |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | A symposium held as part of the Annual General Meeting of our DELTAS-funded capacity building programme, MUII-plus |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | https://www.muii.org.ug/ |
Description | UNEPI EPI Technical working committee membership |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | The POPVAC project leader has been able to participate in the Uganda National Expanded Programme on Immunisation Technical working committee in order to share our research and keep abreast of national policy developments. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | Uganda Schistosomiasis Symposium |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | A three-day symposium attended by national and international colleagues in schistosomiasis research and in the development of controlled human infection studies. Attended by researchers in person and online, school students, ministry of health colleagues and representatives of the media. Academic talks and demonstrations. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
Description | VAnguard Global Health Group Launch event |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | An event engaging collaborators, community members and other stakeholders to initiate and plan for the NIHR Global Health Group, VAnguard |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Vaccine Research Theme retreat |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | A Theme retreat in preparation for the forthcoming quinquennium of the MRC/UVRI and LSHTM |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
Description | Wellcome Trust meeting: Use and utility of human infection study data in the vaccine licensure pathway |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Scientific workshop |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |