Molecular mechanisms of TDP-43 mediated neurodegeneration
Lead Research Organisation:
King's College London
Department Name: Neuroscience
Abstract
Tar DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) has been identified as the major disease protein in cellular aggregates found in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD). TDP-43 positive aggregates are also found in other neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease, thereby defining a novel proteinopathy. Mutations in the encoding TARDBP gene characterise heritable and sporadic cases of ALS and FTLD and recent studies in flies, fish and mice reveal that too much or not enough available TDP-43 protein can both contribute to disease onset and progression. TDP-43 proteinopathy is associated with faulty communication between nerve cells, which precede behavioural defects and progressive age-related degeneration of these nerve cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration remain elusive. Our hypothesis is, and our preliminary data suggest, that TDP-43 regulates dSarm/Sarm1 and Hiw/mycBP2, as target proteins that have been shown to mediate an active autodestruction program. Our hypothesis predicts that TDP-43 mediated deregulation of these proteins causes degeneration of nerve cells starting with destruction of their contact points and axonal extensions and proceeding to the cell body itself, thereby causing "dying back-like" neurodegeneration. Here we propose to use animal and cell culture models to test this hypothesis and to dissect the molecular mechanisms by which TDP-43 regulates dSarm/Sarm1 and Hiw/mycBP2. We also aim to identify ways to rescue disease formation in a fly model of TDP-43 related neurodegeneration, and to translate these findings into the human disease condition by detecting changes in RNA and protein expression levels of human dSarm/Sarm1 and Hiw/mycBP2 homologues. Given that TDP-43 proteinopathy characterises several neurodegenerative disorders, including dementia, the expected findings will be of general relevance and application as they likely identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for TDP-43 related neurodegeneration.
Technical Summary
Tar DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) has been identified as the major disease protein present in cytoplasmic inclusions in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD), as well as in other neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease, thereby defining a novel proteinopathy. Dominant missense mutations in the encoding TARDBP gene characterise both familial and sporadic cases of ALS and FTLD, and recent studies in Drosophila, zebrafish and mice reveal that both loss and toxic gain of TDP-43 function contribute to disease onset and progression. TDP-43 proteinopathy is associated with synaptic defects which precede behavioural abnormalities and progressive age-related neurodegeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration remain elusive. Our hypothesis is, and our preliminary data suggest, that TDP-43 regulates dSarm/Sarm1 and Hiw/mycBP2 that mediate an active autodestruction program causing dying back-like neurodegeneration. Here we propose to use animal and cell culture models to test this hypothesis and to dissect the molecular mechanisms by which TDP-43 regulate dSarm/Sarm1 and Hiw/mycBP2. We also aim to identify ways to rescue disease formation in a Drosophila model of TDP-43 related neurodegeneration, and to translate these findings into the human disease condition by detecting RNA/protein changes for human homologues of the autodestruction pathway. Given that TDP-43 proteinopathy characterises several neurodegenerative disorders, including dementia, the expected findings will be of general relevance and application as they likely identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for TDP-43 related neurodegeneration.
Planned Impact
In a society with a growing population of elderly people, neurodegenerative disorders are becoming more and more abundant. Our research into the causes of neurodegeneration will significantly contribute to our understanding of these devastating diseases. The research proposed here will identify genes, and functional pathways, that are critically important in mediating neurodegeneration. The new information gained from the research of this proposal will make a significant contribution to a novel approach for the identification of biomarkers and therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, our insights gained into the causes and mechanisms underlying age-related neurodegeneration will inform strategies for improving healthy ageing and hence enhancing quality of life, while minimising the need for health and social care during ageing. The beneficiaries, listed below, will be both international and UK based.
Medical profession, charities and pharmaceutical industry
TDP-43 aggregates define a novel proteinopathy and have been found in several neurodegenerative diseases, including dementia. Thus, definition of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying TDP-43 related neurodegeneration, will identify genes, and functional pathways, that are critically important in pathogenesis. This in turn will lead to the identification of biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the early diagnosis and targeted treatment of TDP-43 related neurodegeneration. Thus, results from our research will inform the medical profession for clinical research, as well as charities for future strategies. It will also guide the pharmaceutical profession and on a longer shot pharmaceutical industry, to identify or generate drugs and compounds that can be used for the targeted treatment of TDP-43 related neurodegeneration but likely also other degenerative disorders.
Government and general public
Novel information concerning fundamental processes by which aberrant function of TDP-43 causes progressive neurodegeneration can ultimately lead to strategies for the early diagnosis and targeted treatment of TDP-43 related neurodegeneration. Hence it has the potential to enhance quality of life, while minimising the need for health and social care during ageing. Thus, the ability to identify biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the early diagnosis and targeted treatment of TDP-43 related neurodegeneration will affect government policies such as the UK government's dementia strategy and to support an ageing UK population. Important measures of the new strategy include providing support to people to plan earlier for their longer lives and making sure that services are suitable when the time comes to use them. The provision of new and novel information that will contribute to an understanding of the molecular and cellular pathways involved in TDP-43 related neurodegeneration, and therefore potential therapeutic targets, will help to refine and target these strategies to an ageing UK population and for the human population as a whole.
Medical profession, charities and pharmaceutical industry
TDP-43 aggregates define a novel proteinopathy and have been found in several neurodegenerative diseases, including dementia. Thus, definition of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying TDP-43 related neurodegeneration, will identify genes, and functional pathways, that are critically important in pathogenesis. This in turn will lead to the identification of biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the early diagnosis and targeted treatment of TDP-43 related neurodegeneration. Thus, results from our research will inform the medical profession for clinical research, as well as charities for future strategies. It will also guide the pharmaceutical profession and on a longer shot pharmaceutical industry, to identify or generate drugs and compounds that can be used for the targeted treatment of TDP-43 related neurodegeneration but likely also other degenerative disorders.
Government and general public
Novel information concerning fundamental processes by which aberrant function of TDP-43 causes progressive neurodegeneration can ultimately lead to strategies for the early diagnosis and targeted treatment of TDP-43 related neurodegeneration. Hence it has the potential to enhance quality of life, while minimising the need for health and social care during ageing. Thus, the ability to identify biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the early diagnosis and targeted treatment of TDP-43 related neurodegeneration will affect government policies such as the UK government's dementia strategy and to support an ageing UK population. Important measures of the new strategy include providing support to people to plan earlier for their longer lives and making sure that services are suitable when the time comes to use them. The provision of new and novel information that will contribute to an understanding of the molecular and cellular pathways involved in TDP-43 related neurodegeneration, and therefore potential therapeutic targets, will help to refine and target these strategies to an ageing UK population and for the human population as a whole.
Publications
Bianchini MC
(2019)
Thimerosal inhibits Drosophila melanogaster tyrosine hydroxylase (DmTyrH) leading to changes in dopamine levels and impaired motor behavior: implications for neurotoxicity.
in Metallomics : integrated biometal science
Bridi JC
(2020)
Ancestral regulatory mechanisms specify conserved midbrain circuitry in arthropods and vertebrates.
in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Bridi JC
(2019)
Lineage-specific determination of ring neuron circuitry in the central complex of Drosophila.
in Biology open
Bridi JC
(2018)
Mechanisms of a-Synuclein Induced Synaptopathy in Parkinson's Disease.
in Frontiers in neuroscience
Bridi JC
(2021)
Presynaptic accumulation of a-synuclein causes synaptopathy and progressive neurodegeneration in Drosophila.
in Brain communications
Buhl E
(2021)
Thermoresponsive motor behavior is mediated by ring neuron circuits in the central complex of Drosophila.
in Scientific reports
Diaper DC
(2014)
Immunostaining of the developing embryonic and larval Drosophila brain.
in Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)
Fiore VG
(2015)
Evolutionarily conserved mechanisms for the selection and maintenance of behavioural activity.
in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
Description | ARUK Network Grant |
Amount | £100,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | Alzheimer's Research UK |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 08/2014 |
End | 08/2016 |
Description | BBSRC project grant |
Amount | £400,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | BB/N001230/1 |
Organisation | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 02/2016 |
End | 01/2019 |
Description | Brazilian Government |
Amount | £100,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | Jessika Bridi |
Organisation | Government of Brazil |
Department | Coordination of Higher Education Personnel Training (CAPES) |
Sector | Public |
Country | Brazil |
Start | 09/2014 |
End | 09/2017 |
Description | MNDA PhD Studentship |
Amount | £94,375 (GBP) |
Funding ID | Hirth 890-792 |
Organisation | Motor Neurone Disease Association (MND) |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 05/2017 |
End | 05/2020 |
Description | MNDA PhD studentship |
Amount | £95,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | Motor Neurone Disease Association (MND) |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 05/2017 |
End | 05/2020 |
Description | MNDA Short Grant |
Amount | £10,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | Hirth/Nov15/914-793 |
Organisation | Motor Neurone Disease Association (MND) |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 01/2016 |
End | 03/2016 |
Description | Project Grant |
Amount | £60,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | The Dunhill Medical Trust |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 09/2017 |
End | 09/2018 |
Title | DART |
Description | We developed a software and behavioural paradigm using video assisted motion tracking to deconstruct and analyse motor behaviour, including parameters such as action initition and maintenance that are relevant for a large number of movement and motivation disorders |
Type Of Material | Technology assay or reagent |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | We have currently 2 manuscripts under review at high impact journals. We plan to publish the method in another two manuscripts in preparation. |
Title | Drosophila model of G4C2 repeat expansion |
Description | We developed transgenic flies to express G4C2 hexanucleotide repeat expansions related to ALS and FTD. Our model also produces Dipeptide Repeat Proteins (DPRs) found in patients. |
Type Of Material | Model of mechanisms or symptoms - non-mammalian in vivo |
Year Produced | 2015 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Our constructs allowed us and our collaborators to investigate pathogenic mechanisms underlying C9ALS/FTD. |
Title | poly-GP MAB |
Description | We generated a monoclonal antibody to detect poly-GP, a polypeptide derived from G4C2 hexanucleotide repeats that are RAN translated into toxic species found in ALS and FTD. |
Type Of Material | Antibody |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | We are currently asking for further funding to test this antibody as a diagnostic marker for the clinic |
Description | Janelia Farm Collaboration |
Organisation | Howard Hughes Medical Institute |
Department | Janelia Research Campus |
Country | United States |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | We established a collaboration with Dr. Albert Cardone, HHMI Janelia Research Farm. It is based on our identification of a region in the insect brain that resembles deep homology to the mammalian cerebellum/midbrain hindbrain boundary region. A high impact publication is in progress. |
Collaborator Contribution | Dr. Cardona/Janelia Farm are providing us with exceptional serial TEM data that allow the analysis of all synaptic connections in the Drosophila larva. |
Impact | Ongoing |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | RNAseq of onset of TDP43 propteinopathy |
Organisation | University of Oxford |
Department | Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Analysis and interpretation of RNAseq data provided by collaborator in Oxford/UK (Kevin Talbot) and Fribourg/CH (Simon Sprecher) |
Collaborator Contribution | Provision of raw RNAseq data obtained from TDP43 flies (S Sprecher) and TDP43 mice (K Talbot) |
Impact | Further experiments and manuscript in preparation |
Start Year | 2022 |
Description | Swiss Genomics Consortium |
Organisation | University of Fribourg |
Country | Switzerland |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | We have initiated this project and provide the conceptual framework. We also provide essential research material. |
Collaborator Contribution | Our Swiss partners have used their facility for our collaborative RNA sequencing screen and an initial bioinformatics analysis with partners from the University of Bern. |
Impact | A large dataset that will be included in future publications. |
Start Year | 2019 |
Description | VR Genome Browser |
Organisation | The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
PI Contribution | HAmmerheadVR is developing a virtual reality genome browser with the aim to make large datasets available for navigation and interrogation. The Sanger Centre contributes bioinformatic input (genome sequences) and we at KCL provide GWAS and RNA-seq datasets. |
Collaborator Contribution | See above. |
Impact | Grant application in progress. |
Start Year | 2016 |
Description | Access to understanding |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | The Access to Understanding science-writing competition and the associated People's Choice award was run by Europe PubMed Central in partnership with the science team at The British Library. A short-listed contribution focused on our published work on TDP-43 and was presented during a public event at the British library, hence raised awareness about our translational research and its impact. Requests about our research, invitations to speak to lay people about our translational research . |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
URL | http://europepmc.org/AccesstoUnderstanding2014;jsessionid=GS6LUaLk5KfHmDMOcOb0.2 |
Description | BBC Radio 5 Dementia Question Time |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | BBC Radio 5 "Dementia Question Time" included the Minister for Care as well as a large number of charities. The Q/A was live on air and I was participating in the audience as a researcher affiliated with Alzheimer Research UK. The activity sparked questions and discussion. Notable impact was an improved understanding of the situation of people with dementia. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
Description | Changing Conversation |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Around 20 academics met every month for this workshop organized by the Wellcome Trust. Its purpose was to "change conversation" with the aims to publicise the necessity, aims, methods and achievements of Science for Health and to make Science for Health more accessible to the public. My research outline was recorded for a Youtube stub. Journalists showed interest to report. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2010,2011 |
Description | Dementia open day |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | I am part of the ARUK network and we hosted our annual open day with talks and discussions, including my own presentation. The talk sparked questions and discussion afterwards. Better network for dementia research across greater London area. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
Description | Fundraising with MNDA |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | Yes |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Supporters |
Results and Impact | The decision is still awaited but it may result in a large donation by the Tolkin Trust to the MNDA, and thus to increased national funding into motor neuron disease research; potentially also into direct funding for my lab. Potentially increased national funding into motor neuron disease research. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
Description | Guest editor |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | I have been invited to act as a guest editor for a special issue on "Drosophila Models for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Achievements and Prospects" in the "International Journal of Molecular Sciences" |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms/special_issues/Drosophila_Models_Neuro |
Description | Guest editor Phil Trans R Soc B - Vol I |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | I was guest editor for two volumes of the Royal Society magazine "Philosophical transactions for the Royal Society B" which assemble commissioned articles that give a state of the art overview about the origin and evolution of the nervous system. Given the national and international interest and feedback (eg interview for Science), these two volumes spark a lot of interest and will be used as reference compendia for years to come. Given the national and international interest and feedback (eg interview for Science), these two volumes spark a lot of interest and will be used as reference compendia for years to come. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
URL | http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/370/1684 |
Description | Guest editor Phil Trans R Soc B - Vol II |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | I was guest editor for two volumes of the Royal Society magazine "Philosophical transactions for the Royal Society B" which assemble commissioned articles that give a state of the art overview about the origin and evolution of the nervous system. Given the national and international interest and feedback (eg interview for Science), these two volumes spark a lot of interest and will be used as reference compendia for years to come. Given the national and international interest and feedback (eg interview for Science), these two volumes spark a lot of interest and will be used as reference compendia for years to come. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
URL | http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/371/1685 |
Description | Interview for Science |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | 2 two page report by Elizabeth Pennisi in Science about brain evolution which sparked further interest about this topic in the media and public. Measurable, increased interest in my papers as judged by downloads and views |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
URL | http://www.sciencemag.org/content/350/6262/729.summary |
Description | Interview with Deutschlandfunk |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | The radio station Deutschlandfunk interviewed me about new findings related to brain evolution. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
URL | http://www.deutschlandfunk.de/nerven-wie-ein-wurm-der-ursprung-des-gehirns.740.de.html?dram:article_... |
Description | Interview with Science |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | I was interviewed by a senior editor (Elizabeth Pennisi) of the Journal Science to comment on recent findings in brain evolution. This was covered in a featured article in Science. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
URL | http://www.sciencemagazinedigital.org/sciencemagazine/13_november_2015?pg=17#pg17 |
Description | MND Association Spring Conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | Yes |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Participants in your research and patient groups |
Results and Impact | Talk sparked questions and discussion afterwards. Also people requested to visit our lab and get more information. Talk was twittered and live-streamed which caused a lot of interest. The MNDA subsequently featured our work on their webpage. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
URL | https://mndresearch.wordpress.com/tag/dr-frank-hirth/ |
Description | MRC Centre Newsletter |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | Yes |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Overview on my labs research written for a lay audience. Public engagement |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
Description | MRC Centre Open Day |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
Part Of Official Scheme? | Yes |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Members of my lab showed what they do to the public and media representatives. The MRC Centre Open Day resulted in some donations. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2008 |
Description | MSc candidates visit |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
Part Of Official Scheme? | Yes |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | Interested candidates can talk to members of my lab as two current members were recruited out of our MSc scheme. Two former Msc students were awarded PhD studentships and stayed in my lab. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2007,2008,2009 |
Description | National advert for dementia research |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | I was part of a TV clip of the ARUK Fightback campaign shown on TV but also in cinemas across the UK. The clip was targeted to the general public to raise awareness and interest in dementia research. Based on the feedback, it was a huge success which resulted in increased awareness and interest, but also in donations to further dementia research in the UK. Based on the feedback, it was a huge success which resulted in increased awareness and interest, but also in donations to further dementia research in the UK. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
URL | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f0YLcLxB77Y |
Description | Panel; member ARUK KCL network |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | I am active board member of the Alzheimer's Research UK King's College London Network which promotes networking amongst dementia researchers at King's, runs a pilot grant-funding scheme for dementia research, and participates in public engagement activities including the ARUK Open Day at the IoPPN. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017,2018,2019 |
URL | https://www.alzheimersresearchuk.org/for-researchers/network-centres/kings-college-london-network-ce... |
Description | Parkinson's UK Annual Visit |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
Part Of Official Scheme? | Yes |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Participants in your research and patient groups |
Results and Impact | I gave an overview about our project that is funded by the PDS; members of the PDS were shown around (site visit) and actively engaged in our research. Continued funding. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009,2010,2011 |
Description | Radio Interview (BBC Radio 4 "Today") |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Type Of Presentation | Keynote/Invited Speaker |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | BBC Radio 4 "Today"'s programme interview on recent publication in "Science", which sparked attention by the public. Invitation as plenary speaker to conference in South-Korea; Invitation as speaker to ESF-FENS conference on "Neurobiology of Action"; Invitation as speaker for "Neuroethology" conference in Japan 2014; Invitation to act as Scientific Committee member for "Insect Science" conference in Amsterdam 2014 |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
URL | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_16JqOLLdX4 |
Description | Scientific adviser |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | I was invited to act as scientific advisor for the 5th Annual Neuroscience R&D Technologies Conference which was attended by pharmaceutical industries, small companies and academics to hear about recent technical and conceptual developments in the neurosciences. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
URL | https://events.marketsandmarkets.com/5th-annual-marketsandmarkets-neuroscience-r-d-technologies-conf... |