The role of improved housing in the African malaria recession
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Oxford
Department Name: Zoology
Abstract
Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease, mainly confined to the tropics. Today, malaria control is at a pivotal juncture. The disease remains a major source of human illness and death, killing around 600,000 people annually. Yet the past fifteen years have seen great advances in controlling malaria, with a third reduction in the annual incidence of cases. These reductions have been mainly achieved by distributing chemically-treated bed nets for people to sleep beneath and by spraying houses with chemicals that kill mosquitoes. However, mosquitoes have become resistant to the chemicals used, meaning that additional tools are urgently needed to avoid losing the progress made.
Since malaria is a 'disease of poverty', strongly influenced by its environment, there is heightened interest in using broader, non-chemical approaches for its control, by working with sectors outside health such as agriculture, water and sanitation and urban planning. This is especially pertinent as we approach the launch of the Sustainable Development Goals for international development later in 2015. The research proposed here will specifically investigate how one such approach - improving housing - can help to reduce malaria in sub-Saharan Africa.
Good housing, traditionally a key pillar of public health, remains underexploited in malaria control. Yet most bites by malaria mosquitoes in sub-Saharan Africa are received indoors at night, so the home can be a risky place. Historically, improved living conditions and house screening contributed to malaria elimination in Europe and the USA. Today, studies have shown that well-built housing can help to protect against malaria in many African settings. However, house design has been largely neglected as a potential malaria control tool, due to reliance on other interventions.
Today, unprecedented population expansion and socioeconomic development in sub-Saharan Africa presents an unrivalled opportunity to build healthy homes. The continent's population is projected to double between 2010 and 2040 to nearly two billion and may surpass three billion by 2070, with 144 million new houses needed by 2030 in rural areas alone. Housing quality is also transforming across much of the continent, as incomes increase. This economic and cultural revolution represents an exceptional opportunity for malaria control.
The aim of this fellowship is to investigate the potential contribution of better housing to malaria control in Africa. This will be achieved by addressing three questions:
i) How is malaria associated with housing quality in different parts of sub-Saharan Africa?
ii) To what extent has housing improved in Africa, and how does this change relate to trends in malaria endemicity, 2000-2015?
iii) What is the potential impact of using better housing as an intervention against malaria?
To answer these questions, state-of-the-art modelling approaches will be used (1) to assess the association between house design and malaria in multiple African countries, (2) to quantify how housing improved in Africa between 2000 and 2015, (3) to understand how trends in malaria between 2000 and 2015 were related to changes in housing and (4) to estimate the total number of malaria cases in Africa that may be averted by ongoing housing improvements. This study will exploit the world's largest collection of malaria surveys, the Malaria Atlas Project, together with nearly 200 demographic and health surveys from over 40 countries in sub-Saharan Africa.
In summary, this study will evaluate the potential of building better homes to impact on malaria in Africa. The outcomes of this research will provide critical information to guide research and policy decisions relating to sustainable malaria control, at a pivotal time.
Since malaria is a 'disease of poverty', strongly influenced by its environment, there is heightened interest in using broader, non-chemical approaches for its control, by working with sectors outside health such as agriculture, water and sanitation and urban planning. This is especially pertinent as we approach the launch of the Sustainable Development Goals for international development later in 2015. The research proposed here will specifically investigate how one such approach - improving housing - can help to reduce malaria in sub-Saharan Africa.
Good housing, traditionally a key pillar of public health, remains underexploited in malaria control. Yet most bites by malaria mosquitoes in sub-Saharan Africa are received indoors at night, so the home can be a risky place. Historically, improved living conditions and house screening contributed to malaria elimination in Europe and the USA. Today, studies have shown that well-built housing can help to protect against malaria in many African settings. However, house design has been largely neglected as a potential malaria control tool, due to reliance on other interventions.
Today, unprecedented population expansion and socioeconomic development in sub-Saharan Africa presents an unrivalled opportunity to build healthy homes. The continent's population is projected to double between 2010 and 2040 to nearly two billion and may surpass three billion by 2070, with 144 million new houses needed by 2030 in rural areas alone. Housing quality is also transforming across much of the continent, as incomes increase. This economic and cultural revolution represents an exceptional opportunity for malaria control.
The aim of this fellowship is to investigate the potential contribution of better housing to malaria control in Africa. This will be achieved by addressing three questions:
i) How is malaria associated with housing quality in different parts of sub-Saharan Africa?
ii) To what extent has housing improved in Africa, and how does this change relate to trends in malaria endemicity, 2000-2015?
iii) What is the potential impact of using better housing as an intervention against malaria?
To answer these questions, state-of-the-art modelling approaches will be used (1) to assess the association between house design and malaria in multiple African countries, (2) to quantify how housing improved in Africa between 2000 and 2015, (3) to understand how trends in malaria between 2000 and 2015 were related to changes in housing and (4) to estimate the total number of malaria cases in Africa that may be averted by ongoing housing improvements. This study will exploit the world's largest collection of malaria surveys, the Malaria Atlas Project, together with nearly 200 demographic and health surveys from over 40 countries in sub-Saharan Africa.
In summary, this study will evaluate the potential of building better homes to impact on malaria in Africa. The outcomes of this research will provide critical information to guide research and policy decisions relating to sustainable malaria control, at a pivotal time.
Technical Summary
BACKGROUND: Since most malaria transmission occurs indoors in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), housing quality is an important determinant of malaria risk, through its effect on house entry by mosquitoes. Unprecedented population expansion and rapid socioeconomic development in SSA presents an unrivalled opportunity to advance malaria control and elimination by building healthy homes.
AIM: To investigate the role of improved housing in the African malaria recession.
METHODS: Two principal data sources will be used: (i) the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), Malaria Indicator Survey (MIS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) programs and (ii) the Repository of Open Access Data of the Malaria Atlas Project (ROAD-MAP II). First, the association between house quality and prevalence of malaria in children will be examined (a) in Upper River Region, The Gambia, using a 2010 parasitological survey of c3800 children and remotely-sensed imagery to classify house type and (b) in 22 countries in SSA, by applying multilevel modelling to MIS and DHS surveys. Second, changes in housing quality at the district level across SSA, 2000-2015, will be estimated by fitting housing data from georeferenced DHS/MIS/MICS surveys within a multilevel model using a Bayesian framework. Third, the relationship between housing improvements and changes in malaria endemicity in SSA, 2000-2015, will be modelled at three spatial scales using data from Objective 2 and ROAD-MAP-II. Fourth, the total number of malaria cases averted in SSA in 2015 due to housing improvements during 2000-2015 will be estimated using a spatiotemporal model and counterfactual framework.
SUMMARY: The application of geospatial modelling to large existing datasets will generate novel evidence on the relationship between housing and malaria and the impact of housing improvements on malaria endemicity, yielding critical and timely policy recommendations for sustainable malaria control.
AIM: To investigate the role of improved housing in the African malaria recession.
METHODS: Two principal data sources will be used: (i) the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), Malaria Indicator Survey (MIS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) programs and (ii) the Repository of Open Access Data of the Malaria Atlas Project (ROAD-MAP II). First, the association between house quality and prevalence of malaria in children will be examined (a) in Upper River Region, The Gambia, using a 2010 parasitological survey of c3800 children and remotely-sensed imagery to classify house type and (b) in 22 countries in SSA, by applying multilevel modelling to MIS and DHS surveys. Second, changes in housing quality at the district level across SSA, 2000-2015, will be estimated by fitting housing data from georeferenced DHS/MIS/MICS surveys within a multilevel model using a Bayesian framework. Third, the relationship between housing improvements and changes in malaria endemicity in SSA, 2000-2015, will be modelled at three spatial scales using data from Objective 2 and ROAD-MAP-II. Fourth, the total number of malaria cases averted in SSA in 2015 due to housing improvements during 2000-2015 will be estimated using a spatiotemporal model and counterfactual framework.
SUMMARY: The application of geospatial modelling to large existing datasets will generate novel evidence on the relationship between housing and malaria and the impact of housing improvements on malaria endemicity, yielding critical and timely policy recommendations for sustainable malaria control.
Planned Impact
The proposed research will examine the potential for better housing to control malaria, helping to address the urgent need for vector control tools beyond long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS). Immediate beneficiaries will be academics, policy-makers, malaria control programmes and non-governmental organisations. The ultimate beneficiaries will be the two billion people living at risk of malaria worldwide.
Academics within public health will benefit through the generation of new data on changes in housing quality in Africa, the assembly of new evidence on housing and malaria and the application of tailored statistical approaches to large survey datasets and Malaria Atlas Project data (see Academic Beneficiaries). The research will be of particular benefit to epidemiologists conducting field studies of housing as a malaria intervention, by generating macro-level data to (a) gauge the potential impact of housing in different settings and (b) guide the design of future field studies. Other beneficiaries will include public health entomologists seeking supplementary tools for malaria vector control; malaria elimination specialists seeking long-term, sustainable interventions; malariologists interested in understanding of the causes of the African malaria recession; and spatial epidemiologists and health geographers studying the effects of the environment on health. The use of large demographic and health survey datasets will benefit methodologists who work with similar data to study risk factors for health outcomes. Exploitation of the Malaria Atlas Project will make constructive use of this valuable resource. The research will exploit the UK Medical Research Council's strategic investments in health research in The Gambia (see letter). Academic beneficiaries outside the health sphere will include remote-sensing experts and urban geographers, who will benefit from the application of remotely-sensed data and the analysis of housing variables within large survey datasets; architects working on housing and health; and cross-disciplinary research teams from social science, public health and development economics, specialising the relationship between development and health.
Policy-makers and national malaria control programmes (NMCPs) will benefit in three ways. First, given that LLINs and IRS are increasingly threatened by insecticide resistance, there is an urgent need to evaluate supplementary methods of vector control, such as housing. Second, the proposed research will generate new evidence on multisectoral malaria control, with which to guide programme design and to support advocacy. Third, if housing shows potential as a sustainable intervention, the long-term costs of malaria control and elimination may be reduced. Tangible, short-term benefits for policy-makers and NMCPs will be: (a) estimations of the potential impact of housing improvements, (b) identification of the malaria transmission settings where housing is likely to be more and less effective and (c) generation of data and maps for advocating for multisectoral (housing-health) malaria control. In turn, the development and housing sectors will benefit from important new data documenting changes in housing quality at the district level in Africa since 2000 and from data to promote advocacy for better housing (the 2013 UNDP Multisectoral Action framework for Malaria states that 'encouraging better housing is a social objective, not simply a malaria control action'). Should housing improvements be more systematically implemented as part of the broader development and health agenda, the ultimate beneficiaries will be the populations of malaria-endemic countries, whose quality of life will improve through better health and access to decent housing.
Academics within public health will benefit through the generation of new data on changes in housing quality in Africa, the assembly of new evidence on housing and malaria and the application of tailored statistical approaches to large survey datasets and Malaria Atlas Project data (see Academic Beneficiaries). The research will be of particular benefit to epidemiologists conducting field studies of housing as a malaria intervention, by generating macro-level data to (a) gauge the potential impact of housing in different settings and (b) guide the design of future field studies. Other beneficiaries will include public health entomologists seeking supplementary tools for malaria vector control; malaria elimination specialists seeking long-term, sustainable interventions; malariologists interested in understanding of the causes of the African malaria recession; and spatial epidemiologists and health geographers studying the effects of the environment on health. The use of large demographic and health survey datasets will benefit methodologists who work with similar data to study risk factors for health outcomes. Exploitation of the Malaria Atlas Project will make constructive use of this valuable resource. The research will exploit the UK Medical Research Council's strategic investments in health research in The Gambia (see letter). Academic beneficiaries outside the health sphere will include remote-sensing experts and urban geographers, who will benefit from the application of remotely-sensed data and the analysis of housing variables within large survey datasets; architects working on housing and health; and cross-disciplinary research teams from social science, public health and development economics, specialising the relationship between development and health.
Policy-makers and national malaria control programmes (NMCPs) will benefit in three ways. First, given that LLINs and IRS are increasingly threatened by insecticide resistance, there is an urgent need to evaluate supplementary methods of vector control, such as housing. Second, the proposed research will generate new evidence on multisectoral malaria control, with which to guide programme design and to support advocacy. Third, if housing shows potential as a sustainable intervention, the long-term costs of malaria control and elimination may be reduced. Tangible, short-term benefits for policy-makers and NMCPs will be: (a) estimations of the potential impact of housing improvements, (b) identification of the malaria transmission settings where housing is likely to be more and less effective and (c) generation of data and maps for advocating for multisectoral (housing-health) malaria control. In turn, the development and housing sectors will benefit from important new data documenting changes in housing quality at the district level in Africa since 2000 and from data to promote advocacy for better housing (the 2013 UNDP Multisectoral Action framework for Malaria states that 'encouraging better housing is a social objective, not simply a malaria control action'). Should housing improvements be more systematically implemented as part of the broader development and health agenda, the ultimate beneficiaries will be the populations of malaria-endemic countries, whose quality of life will improve through better health and access to decent housing.
Publications

Bendixen M
(2021)
Sand, gravel, and UN Sustainable Development Goals: Conflicts, synergies, and pathways forward
in One Earth

Chan K
(2022)
Malaria transmission and prevalence in rice-growing versus non-rice-growing villages in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
in The Lancet Planetary Health

Jones RT
(2018)
The impact of industrial activities on vector-borne disease transmission.
in Acta tropica

Jones RT
(2020)
The Role of the Private Sector in Supporting Malaria Control in Resource Development Settings.
in The Journal of infectious diseases

Killeen GF
(2017)
Developing an expanded vector control toolbox for malaria elimination.
in BMJ global health


Killeen GF
(2017)
Measuring, manipulating and exploiting behaviours of adult mosquitoes to optimise malaria vector control impact.
in BMJ global health

Lindsay S
(2019)
Reduced mosquito survival in metal-roof houses may contribute to a decline in malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa
in Scientific Reports

Lindsay SW
(2021)
Recommendations for building out mosquito-transmitted diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: the DELIVER mnemonic.
in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences

Mshamu S
(2020)
Old age is associated with decreased wealth in rural villages in Mtwara, Tanzania: findings from a cross-sectional survey.
in Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH
Description | Despite significant reductions in malaria globally since 2000, achieved via mass roll out of protective interventions such as bednets, malaria remains a major public health concern particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This Fellowship aims to help address the urgent need to identify strategies to strengthen malaria control, with a focus on housing and the built environment. Good housing, traditionally a key pillar of public health, remains underexploited in malaria control. Yet most bites by malaria mosquitoes in sub-Saharan Africa are received indoors at night, so the home can be a risky place. To date, this Fellowship has provided insight on several key questions, with further research ongoing: 1. How are housing improvements associated with malaria across SSA? This question is important for understanding the potential impact of housing improvements on malaria, and was addressed through several multi-country analyses of national survey data. By analysing data for over 140,000 children across SSA, it was found that children living in improved housing had a 9% to 14% reduction in the odds of malaria infection, compared to those living in traditional housing; an association similar to that observed with the core intervention, insecticide treated bednets. A major update to this analysis to include over 800,000 children found that improved housing was associated with reductions not only in malaria, but diarrhoea, undernutrition and anaemia - highlighting the importance of housing for all aspects of child health. 2. How is housing changing across sub-Saharan Africa? This question is important since understanding changes in the built environment across the continent is the first step to leveraging these changes for improved malaria (and other vector-borne disease) control. Using a state-of-the-art geostatistical model, we published in Nature maps quantifying changes in housing across sub-Saharan Africa between 2000 and 2015. We found that the prevalence of 'improved housing' doubled from 11% to 23% in this period, but 50% of urban Africans still lived in slum conditions in 2015. The findings are relevant not only to public health but also to wider development goals, since housing is a basic human right and a core objective of Sustainable Development Goal 11. 3. What are the mechanisms by which good housing is protective against malaria, and how can these changes be scaled up? In addition to the two questions above, this Fellowship has enabled collaboration on research to understand in a specific setting how housing is changing and how these changes relate to malaria control in Uganda and how specific features of the house may affect mosquito survival in The Gambia, leading to new recommendations on the specific features of housing that can offer protection against malaria and other vector-borne disease. |
Exploitation Route | The outcomes of this funding include the first measurement of how housing is changing across sub-Saharan Africa, with major relevance not only to malaria control but also public health and development more generally. Housing is a basic human right and Sustainable Development Goal 11 aims to ensure universal, adequate housing by 2030. Achieving that goal is impossible without the means to measure progress. Additionally, the fellowship has generated the most comprehensive data to date quantifying the relationship between housing and malaria, as well as other health outcomes known to increase mortality - diarrhoea, undernutrition and anaemia. Such findings are critical to catalyse future research into 'healthy' house design and strategies for improving housing globally for better health. |
Sectors | Environment,Healthcare |
URL | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30918405/ |
Description | While this field of research is still developing, the findings of this Fellowship have contributed to a shift in thinking and recognition of the importance of housing and the built environment in malaria and vector-borne disease control. This is increasingly critical in the context of population growth and urbanisation in Africa and Asia. Among other fora, research findings have shaped discussions within the Roll Back Malaria Partnership's Vector Control Working Group https://endmalaria.org/our-work-working-groups/vector-control, the WHO Strategic Advisory Group on malaria eradication and the BOVA Network https://www.bovanetwork.org/, as well as stimulating interest in the role of housing improvements in humanitarian emergencies through the Global Shelter Cluster. The findings have also informed the following WHO documents and policies: Global Vector Control Response (2017); Guidelines for Malaria Control (2021); Global framework for the response to malaria in urban areas (2022). |
Sector | Environment,Healthcare |
Impact Types | Societal |
Description | Influencing policy guidelines (WHO Global Vector Control Reponse) |
Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
Policy Influence Type | Implementation circular/rapid advice/letter to e.g. Ministry of Health |
Impact | The WHO Global Vector Control Response is the global plan for improving disease vector control 2017-2030. It will be presented to the World Health Assembly in May 2017 for approval. Within the GVCR, improving housing is strongly advocated as an inter-sectoral approach to VBD control. This is a landmark document since previously housing has not been considered important for malaria control policy. |
URL | http://www.who.int/malaria/global-vector-control-response/en/ |
Description | Influencing policy guidelines (WHO guidance on housing and health) |
Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
Policy Influence Type | Participation in a advisory committee |
Description | Influencing policy guidelines (WHO guidance on malaria vector control) |
Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
Policy Influence Type | Participation in a advisory committee |
Description | Multisectoral Working Group, Roll Back Malaria |
Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
Policy Influence Type | Membership of a guideline committee |
Impact | Membership of Multisectoral Working Group on malaria under the umbrella of WHO and the Roll Back Malaria Partnership, working to improve malaria control through intersectoral collaboration |
Description | New Urban Agenda |
Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
Policy Influence Type | Implementation circular/rapid advice/letter to e.g. Ministry of Health |
Impact | Habitat III was a UN Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development held in October 2016 in Quito, Ecuador. The meeting concluded with the adoption or the New Urban Agenda, which links with Sustainable Development Goal 11 to set global standards in sustainable urban development. Due to awareness and evidence generated through the work of myself and others on housing and malaria, vector-borne disease was included for the first time in the New Urban Agenda. |
URL | http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2016/10/newurbanagenda/ |
Description | WHO Global framework for the response to malaria in urban areas |
Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
Policy Influence Type | Participation in a national consultation |
Description | WHO Guidelines Development Group on malaria vector control |
Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
Policy Influence Type | Membership of a guideline committee |
Impact | Membership of the WHO Guidelines Development Group on malaria vector control, including discussion of housing improvements for malaria control. This will update the global guidelines for malaria control, to be released in 2021. |
URL | https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/310862/9789241550499-eng.pdf |
Description | Risk Assessment of Mosquito-borne Diseases in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Based on Deep Learning and Remote Sensing |
Amount | 19,861,517 kr. (DKK) |
Funding ID | 0069116 |
Organisation | Novo Nordisk Foundation |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | Denmark |
Start | 01/2022 |
End | 12/2026 |
Title | Demographic and Health Survey processing |
Description | Collaboration on Github site providing code for downloading and handling DHS health data |
Type Of Material | Data handling & control |
Year Produced | 2020 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | This Github site provides code that has contributed to a number of publications, detailed here: https://github.com/harry-gibson/DHS-Data-Extractions/tree/main/Building_Quality_And_Child_Health |
URL | https://github.com/harry-gibson/DHS-Data-Extractions/tree/main/Building_Quality_And_Child_Health |
Title | Housing in Africa |
Description | Gridded data on prevalence of improved housing in sub-Saharan Africa in 2000 and 2015 |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2019 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | These data have been used in other outputs, such as https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(20)30398-3/fulltext |
URL | https://malariaatlas.org/research-project/housing_in_africa/ |
Description | BOVA Meeting presentation |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | I presented my fellowship research at the BOVA Network annual meeting in London, March 2018. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Co-chairing of working group meeting |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Co-chaired a 3 hour meeting at the Roll Back Malaria Vector Control Working group. Representation from academia, ministries of health, policymakers, industry. Discussed policy recommendations relevant to housing and malaria. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Global health conference (ASTMH, Atlanta, USA, November 20016) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | I presented the findings of the first objective of my fellowship, a multi-country analysis of housing and malaria risk in African children, as a poster. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
URL | https://www.astmh.org/ASTMH/media/Documents/ASTMH-2016-Annual-Meeting-Abstract-Book.pdf |
Description | Guest editorial |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Blog post for the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene on housing and malaria |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | https://rstmh.org/news-blog/blog/housing-and-health-can-we-build-vector-borne-disease-out-of-africa |
Description | Housing and Malaria Workshop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | I organised a workshop at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine on housing and health. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Interview and newsletter |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Interview on housing and malaria research for MESA Track (Malaria Eradication Strategic Alliance) |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | http://mesamalaria.org/updates/housing-improvements-reduce-malaria-transmission-conversation-dr-lucy... |
Description | Invited presentation at international conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Invited presentation at the American Society for Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, in a symposium on urban malaria transmission in Africa |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | Online/social media presence |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | I have maintained a strong online presence through Google Scholar, Twitter and my institutional webpages, to raise awareness of the MRC funding for my research and to promote issues and outputs of broad public interest. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016,2017 |
URL | https://twitter.com/lucytusting |
Description | Paper dissemination |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Social media and institutional coverage of a paper from my fellowship on housing and malaria. http://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2017-02-22-modern-housing-may-cut-malaria-risk-sub-saharan-africa http://researchnews.plos.org/2017/02/21/fly-on-the-wall-modern-housing-and-malaria/ https://www.lshtm.ac.uk/newsevents/news/2017/modern_housing_malaria_risk.html http://www.map.ox.ac.uk/modernhousing/ |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | http://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2017-02-22-modern-housing-may-cut-malaria-risk-sub-saharan-africa |
Description | Policy meeting (Roll Back Malaria, Geneva) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Presentation of research from fellowship on housing and malaria to an international audience of 250 people, which sparked numerous questions and interest in the potential of improved housing to reduce malaria within National Malaria Control Programmes. Attendance by members of national governments, UN-Habitat and WHO. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | http://www.rollbackmalaria.org/architecture/working-groups/vcwg |
Description | Presentation to Oxford University Tropical Epidemiology Group |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | 30 people attended this seminar, which increased interest in housing and vector-borne disease. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | Presentation to Roll Back Malaria |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | Talk to 250 people presenting the Nature paper just accepted that is one of the main outputs of my fellowship. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Press release |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | Press release for new publication on malaria and housing, released through the journal (PLOS Medicine) and University of Oxford. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | http://researchnews.plos.org/2017/02/21/fly-on-the-wall-modern-housing-and-malaria/ |
Description | Radio interview (Voice of America) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | I gave a radio interview with Steve Baragona, Voice of America on 17th February 2017, regarding recently published research on malaria and housing (from my fellowship). NB interview URL is not yet live. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | University seminar (Durham) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Undergraduate students |
Results and Impact | I gave a presentation on my research and my career to date to a group of 40 Biology undergraduate students at Durham University. There was a drinks reception afterwards during which I was asked many questions about doing a Masters and routes into academic research. The department reported increased interest in further study amongst these students. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | http://community.dur.ac.uk/philip.stephens/SBBSSeminars.htm |
Description | Workshop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | Presentation to the Global Shelter Cluster's "Health and Shelter Learning Day", to educate and discuss the potential for housing improvements to affect health in humanitarian crises. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |