Can community-wide active case finding for tuberculosis and universal testing and treatment for HIV control the African tuberculosis epidemic?
Lead Research Organisation:
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Department Name: Infectious and Tropical Diseases
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease, which is spread when the bacteria causing TB is released into the air by TB cases when they cough. Globally one third of the worlds population is infected with TB and 9 million new cases of disease, with 1.5 million deaths occurred in 2013.
Only 1 in 10 individuals infected with TB goes on to develop disease but the risk is much higher in individuals who have a weakened immune system such as those infected with HIV. Because of the overlap between HIV and TB, sub-Saharan Africa has the highest rate of TB disease. But, with increasing globalisation and travel, this has also translated into increasing rates in other parts of the world such as the UK. Therefore preventing TB in sub-Saharan Africa helps countries devastated by this disease, and also decreases the risk of TB worldwide. To control TB a consistent decrease in the number of new cases and improved TB case outcomes (e.g. less deaths) are needed in the whole population.
There is no effective vaccine against TB. However, if TB cases are identified earlier and started on effective treatment, before they normally present to healthcare, TB spread to others could be reduced. Active case finding for TB (ACF) involves systematically screening the whole population for TB disease and starting cases on treatment. This benefits the individual and should decrease the number of new cases by decreasing the spread of TB. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) improves a HIV-infected person's immune function and decreases their susceptibility to TB. Therefore if rolled-out widely to those who need it, ART should decrease the number of new TB cases. However to date, we don't have any strong evidence to show that ACF and ART can control TB in populations.
HPTN071 is a large trial being conducted in 21 Zambian and South African communities, two countries devastated by TB and HIV, by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in the UK, Zambart in Zambia and the Desmond Tutu TB Centre in South Africa. In this trial 14 intervention communities receive a HIV prevention package administered to the entire population and 7 control communities receive usual care. In the intervention communities, from 2014-2018, all adults and children are tested annually for HIV ("universal testing"). ART is started immediately in 7 communities ("universal treatment") and according to national guidelines in 7 communities. The trial will determine if new HIV infections can be decreased by this strategy of universal test and treat. To measure this, the study will follow 52500 adults aged 18-44 years for 3 years from all 21 communities, and compare the number of new HIV infections in the intervention and control communities. Given the TB problem in these communities, all individuals in the intervention communities are also asked about TB symptoms (e.g. cough, night sweats etc). If symptoms are reported, sputum is collected and tested for TB, with referral to local TB clinics for treatment.
HPTN071 therefore combines community-wide ACF for TB and ART for HIV. It provides a unique opportunity to study if these interventions together can decrease the number of new TB cases and improve the clinical outcomes of TB cases. This proposed project will use information from the HPTN071 trial as well as the national TB records for these communities to see if the number of new TB cases have reduced in the intervention communities compared to the control communities, and also what the clinical outcomes for these patients are. A mathematical model will be used to better understand and tease out the effects of the two interventions.
This project has the potential to change our approach to TB prevention in sub-Saharan Africa. It is an important study, which will make a major contribution in the fight against one of the most important diseases in the world.
Only 1 in 10 individuals infected with TB goes on to develop disease but the risk is much higher in individuals who have a weakened immune system such as those infected with HIV. Because of the overlap between HIV and TB, sub-Saharan Africa has the highest rate of TB disease. But, with increasing globalisation and travel, this has also translated into increasing rates in other parts of the world such as the UK. Therefore preventing TB in sub-Saharan Africa helps countries devastated by this disease, and also decreases the risk of TB worldwide. To control TB a consistent decrease in the number of new cases and improved TB case outcomes (e.g. less deaths) are needed in the whole population.
There is no effective vaccine against TB. However, if TB cases are identified earlier and started on effective treatment, before they normally present to healthcare, TB spread to others could be reduced. Active case finding for TB (ACF) involves systematically screening the whole population for TB disease and starting cases on treatment. This benefits the individual and should decrease the number of new cases by decreasing the spread of TB. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) improves a HIV-infected person's immune function and decreases their susceptibility to TB. Therefore if rolled-out widely to those who need it, ART should decrease the number of new TB cases. However to date, we don't have any strong evidence to show that ACF and ART can control TB in populations.
HPTN071 is a large trial being conducted in 21 Zambian and South African communities, two countries devastated by TB and HIV, by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in the UK, Zambart in Zambia and the Desmond Tutu TB Centre in South Africa. In this trial 14 intervention communities receive a HIV prevention package administered to the entire population and 7 control communities receive usual care. In the intervention communities, from 2014-2018, all adults and children are tested annually for HIV ("universal testing"). ART is started immediately in 7 communities ("universal treatment") and according to national guidelines in 7 communities. The trial will determine if new HIV infections can be decreased by this strategy of universal test and treat. To measure this, the study will follow 52500 adults aged 18-44 years for 3 years from all 21 communities, and compare the number of new HIV infections in the intervention and control communities. Given the TB problem in these communities, all individuals in the intervention communities are also asked about TB symptoms (e.g. cough, night sweats etc). If symptoms are reported, sputum is collected and tested for TB, with referral to local TB clinics for treatment.
HPTN071 therefore combines community-wide ACF for TB and ART for HIV. It provides a unique opportunity to study if these interventions together can decrease the number of new TB cases and improve the clinical outcomes of TB cases. This proposed project will use information from the HPTN071 trial as well as the national TB records for these communities to see if the number of new TB cases have reduced in the intervention communities compared to the control communities, and also what the clinical outcomes for these patients are. A mathematical model will be used to better understand and tease out the effects of the two interventions.
This project has the potential to change our approach to TB prevention in sub-Saharan Africa. It is an important study, which will make a major contribution in the fight against one of the most important diseases in the world.
Technical Summary
Current strategies are failing to control the HIV-driven African TB epidemic. Two important control measures are active case finding for TB (ACF) and antiretroviral therapy (ART). ACF involves systematic TB screening, to identify and treat infectious cases early and prevent the onward spread of TB. ART decreases the susceptibility to TB among people living with HIV. However, their effect on TB epidemiology is unclear.
In HPTN071 a three armed (2 intervention and a control arm) cluster randomised controlled (CRT) HIV-prevention trial in 21 Zambian and South African communities, a community-wide intervention package (including universal testing and treatment for HIV [UTT] and ACF) is being implemented in the intervention arms from 2014-2018. The control arm receives the current standard of care. Intervention effects on HIV incidence will be measured among an adult (18-44 years) cohort (N=52500), followed-up for 36 months from all 21 communities.
HPTN071 provides an unprecedented opportunity to determine the combined effect of community-wide ACF and UTT on TB epidemiology (incidence and outcomes). The objectives of this project nested in HPTN071 are to:
1. Determine ACF and UTT effects on population-level TB incidence: effect on TB incidence in the adult cohort (N=52500) and on routine TB case notification rates
2. Determine ACF and UTT effects on TB case characteristics, fatality rates and treatment outcomes
3. Use mathematical modelling to describe the current and projected ACF and UTT effects on TB prevalence and incidence
This project involves secondary data analysis using routine and HPTN071 research data. Statistical methods for CRTs will be used. The HPTN071 TB model that has been developed will be refined, parameterised with all study data and used to estimate and project intervention effects on TB epidemiology. This study will provide data to a pressing Global Health question and inform the TB prevention landscape in sub-Saharan Africa.
In HPTN071 a three armed (2 intervention and a control arm) cluster randomised controlled (CRT) HIV-prevention trial in 21 Zambian and South African communities, a community-wide intervention package (including universal testing and treatment for HIV [UTT] and ACF) is being implemented in the intervention arms from 2014-2018. The control arm receives the current standard of care. Intervention effects on HIV incidence will be measured among an adult (18-44 years) cohort (N=52500), followed-up for 36 months from all 21 communities.
HPTN071 provides an unprecedented opportunity to determine the combined effect of community-wide ACF and UTT on TB epidemiology (incidence and outcomes). The objectives of this project nested in HPTN071 are to:
1. Determine ACF and UTT effects on population-level TB incidence: effect on TB incidence in the adult cohort (N=52500) and on routine TB case notification rates
2. Determine ACF and UTT effects on TB case characteristics, fatality rates and treatment outcomes
3. Use mathematical modelling to describe the current and projected ACF and UTT effects on TB prevalence and incidence
This project involves secondary data analysis using routine and HPTN071 research data. Statistical methods for CRTs will be used. The HPTN071 TB model that has been developed will be refined, parameterised with all study data and used to estimate and project intervention effects on TB epidemiology. This study will provide data to a pressing Global Health question and inform the TB prevention landscape in sub-Saharan Africa.
Planned Impact
This research will produce high quality evidence on whether community-wide active case finding for TB and universal testing and treatment for HIV can change TB epidemiology in sub-Saharan Africa.
Direct/immediate beneficiaries
The general population in the HPTN071 communities will directly benefit from this project. TB is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in these communities, where the epidemic predominantly affects young people in the prime of their lives. The health and economic costs associated with TB are significant. Therefore an intervention that prevents TB and improves patient outcomes will contribute towards both individual and national health and wealth.
Indirect/long-term beneficiaries
Key stakeholders and the wider research and policy sectors will benefit from the research findings over a 1-3 year period. While the study is conducted in Zambia and South Africa, findings will be relevant to other sub-Saharan African countries with generalised HIV-driven TB epidemics. Therefore the potential scale of impact of the project is large. The beneficiaries include:
1) National Governments
The Ministry of Health in Zambia and Department of Health in South Africa are key policy makers for these countries. The HPTN071 team work closely with these partners and all results from this project and the parent HPTN071 trial will be disseminated to them, aiming to change policy and practice in the countries. TB prevention is a priority area for these countries and therefore research findings will be of interest to them. A combined intervention that targets both TB and HIV, two of the biggest Public Health problems in the region, is likely to be much more feasible, efficient and cost saving than a single disease approach. The process data from this project will inform programme roll-out and further operational research needs.
2) Wider public
The results will be disseminated widely in Zambia and South Africa and presented to key policy makers, aiming to benefit the country's general population. TB control is a priority area across sub-Saharan Africa and the findings of this project has the potential to change the TB epidemics in these countries. Therefore research findings will be widely relevant in sub-Saharan Africa and can benefit the general population in the region.
3) Public Health and clinicians
Results are relevant to Public Health practitioners and clinicians working in sub-Saharan Africa. The finding will inform their knowledge and changes in TB prevention practices which may result as a consequence of this project will be relevant to their day to day function.
4) Non-governmental organisations
In sub-Saharan Africa, non-governmental organisations such as Médecins Sans Frontières work in close partnership with national governments to provide TB prevention, treatment and care services. The project results will be relevant to them and could change their TB prevention policy, approach and practice in the region.
5) International policy and funding agencies (World Health Organization, the United States Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS)
TB is a major priority area for international policy and funding agencies. The findings can help guide international policy on TB prevention in sub-Saharan Africa. It can provide strategic direction for major implementation funders in the region.
6) Academics
Findings will inform academics in the field of TB, HIV and Global Health. It will inform future work on TB prevention, epidemiology and areas for operational research to optimise intervention coverage/uptake. It will add to the expertise and profile of the Clinical Research Department at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, which could attract future grants.
Direct/immediate beneficiaries
The general population in the HPTN071 communities will directly benefit from this project. TB is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in these communities, where the epidemic predominantly affects young people in the prime of their lives. The health and economic costs associated with TB are significant. Therefore an intervention that prevents TB and improves patient outcomes will contribute towards both individual and national health and wealth.
Indirect/long-term beneficiaries
Key stakeholders and the wider research and policy sectors will benefit from the research findings over a 1-3 year period. While the study is conducted in Zambia and South Africa, findings will be relevant to other sub-Saharan African countries with generalised HIV-driven TB epidemics. Therefore the potential scale of impact of the project is large. The beneficiaries include:
1) National Governments
The Ministry of Health in Zambia and Department of Health in South Africa are key policy makers for these countries. The HPTN071 team work closely with these partners and all results from this project and the parent HPTN071 trial will be disseminated to them, aiming to change policy and practice in the countries. TB prevention is a priority area for these countries and therefore research findings will be of interest to them. A combined intervention that targets both TB and HIV, two of the biggest Public Health problems in the region, is likely to be much more feasible, efficient and cost saving than a single disease approach. The process data from this project will inform programme roll-out and further operational research needs.
2) Wider public
The results will be disseminated widely in Zambia and South Africa and presented to key policy makers, aiming to benefit the country's general population. TB control is a priority area across sub-Saharan Africa and the findings of this project has the potential to change the TB epidemics in these countries. Therefore research findings will be widely relevant in sub-Saharan Africa and can benefit the general population in the region.
3) Public Health and clinicians
Results are relevant to Public Health practitioners and clinicians working in sub-Saharan Africa. The finding will inform their knowledge and changes in TB prevention practices which may result as a consequence of this project will be relevant to their day to day function.
4) Non-governmental organisations
In sub-Saharan Africa, non-governmental organisations such as Médecins Sans Frontières work in close partnership with national governments to provide TB prevention, treatment and care services. The project results will be relevant to them and could change their TB prevention policy, approach and practice in the region.
5) International policy and funding agencies (World Health Organization, the United States Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS)
TB is a major priority area for international policy and funding agencies. The findings can help guide international policy on TB prevention in sub-Saharan Africa. It can provide strategic direction for major implementation funders in the region.
6) Academics
Findings will inform academics in the field of TB, HIV and Global Health. It will inform future work on TB prevention, epidemiology and areas for operational research to optimise intervention coverage/uptake. It will add to the expertise and profile of the Clinical Research Department at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, which could attract future grants.
Organisations
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (Fellow, Lead Research Organisation)
- London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London) (Collaboration)
- World Health Organization (WHO) (Collaboration)
- UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER (Collaboration)
- PBD Biotech (Collaboration)
- QIAGEN (Collaboration)
- Health Systems Trust (Collaboration)
- IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON (Collaboration)
- The Cochrane Collaboration (Collaboration)
- KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation (Collaboration)
- University of Sheffield (Collaboration)
- Delft Imaging Systems (Collaboration)
- Royal Veterinary College (RVC) (Collaboration)
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) (Collaboration)
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) (Collaboration)
- Zambart (Collaboration)
- University of Zambia (Collaboration)
People |
ORCID iD |
Lilanganee Telisinghe (Principal Investigator / Fellow) |
Publications
Burke RM
(2021)
Community-based active case-finding interventions for tuberculosis: a systematic review.
in The Lancet. Public health
Daneshvar C
(2019)
Prevalence and outcome of central airway obstruction in patients with lung cancer.
in BMJ open respiratory research
Feasey HRA
(2021)
Do community-based active case-finding interventions have indirect impacts on wider TB case detection and determinants of subsequent TB testing behaviour? A systematic review.
in PLOS global public health
Sloot R
(2020)
Interpretation of serial interferon-gamma test results to measure new tuberculosis infection among household contacts in Zambia and South Africa.
in BMC infectious diseases
Symes M.J.
(2020)
Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Elderly
in Curr Geri Rep
Telisinghe L
(2017)
THE SENSITIVITY OF QUANTIFERON®-TB GOLD PLUS IS NOT AFFECTED BY HIV-STATUS
Telisinghe L
(2021)
The effect of systematic screening of the general population on TB case notification rates.
in The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
Telisinghe L
(2017)
The sensitivity of the QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus assay in Zambian adults with active tuberculosis.
in The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
Telisinghe L
(2016)
HIV and tuberculosis in prisons in sub-Saharan Africa.
in Lancet (London, England)
Description | Work has been completed to gather TB data from Zambian communities which are part of the cluster randomised controlled trial (HPTN071). This work has resulted in: 1) Improved methods - a new approach to TB data collection in Zambia which improved data quality 2) New research questions - new research questions that hadn't been originally proposed were identified as a consequence of the work undertaken which we aim to address using the data collected 3) Training and developing capacity of local Zambian staff in data collection and data management 4) Research network - this work feeds into the TREATS consortium (https://treatsproject.org/about-treats) The data is currently being analysed to address the research questions |
Exploitation Route | The outcomes of this funding will inform on TB control in sub-Saharan Africa. |
Sectors | Healthcare |
Description | TB data was collected from 12 Zambian communities which were part of the HPTN 071 trial. This was a large piece of work, done over several rounds/years, engaging key stakeholders in the Ministry of Health and health care providers at TB clinics. We fed back what we found during the data collection process to the stakeholders, highlighting opportunities for quality improvement and therefore helping to improve the quality of TB services in these communities. |
First Year Of Impact | 2019 |
Sector | Healthcare,Manufacturing, including Industrial Biotechology |
Impact Types | Policy & public services |
Description | WHO TB screening guidelines 2021 |
Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
Policy Influence Type | Citation in other policy documents |
URL | https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/340255/9789240022676-eng.pdf |
Description | MRC Confidence in Concept to King's Health Partners |
Amount | £74,885 (GBP) |
Funding ID | MC_PC_17164 |
Organisation | Medical Research Council (MRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 02/2019 |
End | 02/2020 |
Description | Wellcome Trust ISSF to London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine |
Amount | £19,848 (GBP) |
Organisation | Wellcome Trust |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 01/2022 |
End | 11/2022 |
Description | Actiphage pilot in Zambia |
Organisation | PBD Biotech |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Private |
PI Contribution | I approached the developer of the Actiphage test at PBD Biotech Ltd/RVC to collaborate on a project to test the newly developed test for bovine TB (called Actiphage - currently undergoing validation processes with the World Organization for Animal Health), in humans in Zambia (a high TB burden country). I developed the study concept, worked up the protocol and applied for funding for this project. I was awarded a Wellcome Trust ISSF award through the LSHTM. |
Collaborator Contribution | PBD Biotech are collaborating on this project - they have also put forwarded funding and are supplying the test kits to be trialled in humans. Royal Veterinary College - test developer also based at the RVC Leicester University - have trialled the test kits in a small number of humans in the UK - and will providing input into the study Zambart (in Zambia) - study will take place at clinics in Zambia that are supported by Zambart |
Impact | Multidisciplinary collaboration including clinicians, epidemiologists, statisticians, veterinary microbiologists. Pilot data generated. Developing grants (multi-country and multidisciplinary) to submit to funding bodies including UKRI in 2024. |
Start Year | 2022 |
Description | Actiphage pilot in Zambia |
Organisation | Royal Veterinary College (RVC) |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | I approached the developer of the Actiphage test at PBD Biotech Ltd/RVC to collaborate on a project to test the newly developed test for bovine TB (called Actiphage - currently undergoing validation processes with the World Organization for Animal Health), in humans in Zambia (a high TB burden country). I developed the study concept, worked up the protocol and applied for funding for this project. I was awarded a Wellcome Trust ISSF award through the LSHTM. |
Collaborator Contribution | PBD Biotech are collaborating on this project - they have also put forwarded funding and are supplying the test kits to be trialled in humans. Royal Veterinary College - test developer also based at the RVC Leicester University - have trialled the test kits in a small number of humans in the UK - and will providing input into the study Zambart (in Zambia) - study will take place at clinics in Zambia that are supported by Zambart |
Impact | Multidisciplinary collaboration including clinicians, epidemiologists, statisticians, veterinary microbiologists. Pilot data generated. Developing grants (multi-country and multidisciplinary) to submit to funding bodies including UKRI in 2024. |
Start Year | 2022 |
Description | Actiphage pilot in Zambia |
Organisation | University of Leicester |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | I approached the developer of the Actiphage test at PBD Biotech Ltd/RVC to collaborate on a project to test the newly developed test for bovine TB (called Actiphage - currently undergoing validation processes with the World Organization for Animal Health), in humans in Zambia (a high TB burden country). I developed the study concept, worked up the protocol and applied for funding for this project. I was awarded a Wellcome Trust ISSF award through the LSHTM. |
Collaborator Contribution | PBD Biotech are collaborating on this project - they have also put forwarded funding and are supplying the test kits to be trialled in humans. Royal Veterinary College - test developer also based at the RVC Leicester University - have trialled the test kits in a small number of humans in the UK - and will providing input into the study Zambart (in Zambia) - study will take place at clinics in Zambia that are supported by Zambart |
Impact | Multidisciplinary collaboration including clinicians, epidemiologists, statisticians, veterinary microbiologists. Pilot data generated. Developing grants (multi-country and multidisciplinary) to submit to funding bodies including UKRI in 2024. |
Start Year | 2022 |
Description | Actiphage pilot in Zambia |
Organisation | Zambart |
Country | Zambia |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | I approached the developer of the Actiphage test at PBD Biotech Ltd/RVC to collaborate on a project to test the newly developed test for bovine TB (called Actiphage - currently undergoing validation processes with the World Organization for Animal Health), in humans in Zambia (a high TB burden country). I developed the study concept, worked up the protocol and applied for funding for this project. I was awarded a Wellcome Trust ISSF award through the LSHTM. |
Collaborator Contribution | PBD Biotech are collaborating on this project - they have also put forwarded funding and are supplying the test kits to be trialled in humans. Royal Veterinary College - test developer also based at the RVC Leicester University - have trialled the test kits in a small number of humans in the UK - and will providing input into the study Zambart (in Zambia) - study will take place at clinics in Zambia that are supported by Zambart |
Impact | Multidisciplinary collaboration including clinicians, epidemiologists, statisticians, veterinary microbiologists. Pilot data generated. Developing grants (multi-country and multidisciplinary) to submit to funding bodies including UKRI in 2024. |
Start Year | 2022 |
Description | TREATS project |
Organisation | Delft Imaging Systems |
Country | Netherlands |
Sector | Private |
PI Contribution | I am part of the TREATS consortium. The work I am doing feeds into the TREATS project and is one of the outcomes of the project. |
Collaborator Contribution | All consortium members developed the project. |
Impact | Multidiciplinary collaboration - clinicians, epidemiologists, statisticians, mathematical modellers, economists, social scientist Manuscripts submitted for publication |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | TREATS project |
Organisation | HEALTH SYSTEMS TRUST |
Country | South Africa |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
PI Contribution | I am part of the TREATS consortium. The work I am doing feeds into the TREATS project and is one of the outcomes of the project. |
Collaborator Contribution | All consortium members developed the project. |
Impact | Multidiciplinary collaboration - clinicians, epidemiologists, statisticians, mathematical modellers, economists, social scientist Manuscripts submitted for publication |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | TREATS project |
Organisation | Imperial College London |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | I am part of the TREATS consortium. The work I am doing feeds into the TREATS project and is one of the outcomes of the project. |
Collaborator Contribution | All consortium members developed the project. |
Impact | Multidiciplinary collaboration - clinicians, epidemiologists, statisticians, mathematical modellers, economists, social scientist Manuscripts submitted for publication |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | TREATS project |
Organisation | International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) |
Country | Global |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | I am part of the TREATS consortium. The work I am doing feeds into the TREATS project and is one of the outcomes of the project. |
Collaborator Contribution | All consortium members developed the project. |
Impact | Multidiciplinary collaboration - clinicians, epidemiologists, statisticians, mathematical modellers, economists, social scientist Manuscripts submitted for publication |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | TREATS project |
Organisation | KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation |
Country | Netherlands |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
PI Contribution | I am part of the TREATS consortium. The work I am doing feeds into the TREATS project and is one of the outcomes of the project. |
Collaborator Contribution | All consortium members developed the project. |
Impact | Multidiciplinary collaboration - clinicians, epidemiologists, statisticians, mathematical modellers, economists, social scientist Manuscripts submitted for publication |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | TREATS project |
Organisation | London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London) |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | I am part of the TREATS consortium. The work I am doing feeds into the TREATS project and is one of the outcomes of the project. |
Collaborator Contribution | All consortium members developed the project. |
Impact | Multidiciplinary collaboration - clinicians, epidemiologists, statisticians, mathematical modellers, economists, social scientist Manuscripts submitted for publication |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | TREATS project |
Organisation | London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | I am part of the TREATS consortium. The work I am doing feeds into the TREATS project and is one of the outcomes of the project. |
Collaborator Contribution | All consortium members developed the project. |
Impact | Multidiciplinary collaboration - clinicians, epidemiologists, statisticians, mathematical modellers, economists, social scientist Manuscripts submitted for publication |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | TREATS project |
Organisation | QIAGEN |
Department | QIAGEN (Netherlands) |
Country | Netherlands |
Sector | Private |
PI Contribution | I am part of the TREATS consortium. The work I am doing feeds into the TREATS project and is one of the outcomes of the project. |
Collaborator Contribution | All consortium members developed the project. |
Impact | Multidiciplinary collaboration - clinicians, epidemiologists, statisticians, mathematical modellers, economists, social scientist Manuscripts submitted for publication |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | TREATS project |
Organisation | University of Sheffield |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | I am part of the TREATS consortium. The work I am doing feeds into the TREATS project and is one of the outcomes of the project. |
Collaborator Contribution | All consortium members developed the project. |
Impact | Multidiciplinary collaboration - clinicians, epidemiologists, statisticians, mathematical modellers, economists, social scientist Manuscripts submitted for publication |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | TREATS project |
Organisation | University of Zambia |
Department | Zambart |
Country | Zambia |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | I am part of the TREATS consortium. The work I am doing feeds into the TREATS project and is one of the outcomes of the project. |
Collaborator Contribution | All consortium members developed the project. |
Impact | Multidiciplinary collaboration - clinicians, epidemiologists, statisticians, mathematical modellers, economists, social scientist Manuscripts submitted for publication |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | WHO TB Screening guideline update |
Organisation | The Cochrane Collaboration |
Country | Global |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
PI Contribution | To update WHO TB screening guidelines, my team (from LSHTM/Zambart) collaborated with the WHO and the South African Cochrane Collaboration to undertake systematic reviews to inform on the effect of TB screening on individual outcomes. |
Collaborator Contribution | WHO - oversight of the process Cochrane Collaboration - Support with data synthesis |
Impact | Outputs/outcomes New WHO TB screening guidelines - https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/340255/9789240022676-eng.pdf Peer reviewed publications x3 Multidisciplinary collaboration - clinicians, epidemiologists, social scientists, economists, policy developers |
Start Year | 2020 |
Description | WHO TB Screening guideline update |
Organisation | World Health Organization (WHO) |
Country | Global |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | To update WHO TB screening guidelines, my team (from LSHTM/Zambart) collaborated with the WHO and the South African Cochrane Collaboration to undertake systematic reviews to inform on the effect of TB screening on individual outcomes. |
Collaborator Contribution | WHO - oversight of the process Cochrane Collaboration - Support with data synthesis |
Impact | Outputs/outcomes New WHO TB screening guidelines - https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/340255/9789240022676-eng.pdf Peer reviewed publications x3 Multidisciplinary collaboration - clinicians, epidemiologists, social scientists, economists, policy developers |
Start Year | 2020 |
Description | WHO TB Screening guideline update |
Organisation | Zambart |
Country | Zambia |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | To update WHO TB screening guidelines, my team (from LSHTM/Zambart) collaborated with the WHO and the South African Cochrane Collaboration to undertake systematic reviews to inform on the effect of TB screening on individual outcomes. |
Collaborator Contribution | WHO - oversight of the process Cochrane Collaboration - Support with data synthesis |
Impact | Outputs/outcomes New WHO TB screening guidelines - https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/340255/9789240022676-eng.pdf Peer reviewed publications x3 Multidisciplinary collaboration - clinicians, epidemiologists, social scientists, economists, policy developers |
Start Year | 2020 |