Unravelling the role of beta-catenin in ground state pluripotency
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Bristol
Department Name: Engineering Mathematics and Technology
Abstract
Stem cells are defined by two properties: they can proliferate indefinitely producing cells identical to themselves (self-renewal property), and can specialise (differentiate) into mature cells types (pluripotency property). In adults, stem cells, found for example in the bone marrow, have mainly a repair function in case of injury. Adult stem cells are currently used also in medical therapy; a typical example is bone marrow transplant for leukemia treatment. The major limit of using adult stem cells for medical purposes is the low availability, and the difficulty to expand them in culture maintaining their features intact. Moreover, adult stem cells have a poor regeneration range, as they are unable to differentiate into all desired cell types.
Such issues were overcome thanks to the discovery of embryonic stem cells (ESCs): isolated from blastocysts, ESCs can be cultured in vitro indefinitely, and can give rise, under the appropriate conditions, to every cell type. Also, in 2006 the Nobel Prize winner Yamanaka made an astonishing discovery: somatic cells can be reprogrammed back to a stem-like state, obtaining the so-called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). ESCs and iPSCs were thought to be a great promise: many believed that their discovery would have fuelled an impressive expansion of regenerative medicine, gene therapy and personalised medicine fields in the short term, ultimately leading to the solution of many health-related problems. So far, only a part of this promise has been fulfilled, mainly because of the scarce knowledge we have about the basic biological processes that make these cells so special.
In this research, we aim at improving our understanding of the molecular processes that orchestrate pluripotency focusing on beta-catenin (b-catenin), a pivotal protein in stemness maintenance. Indeed, we and others reported a central role of b-catenin in somatic cell reprogramming, differentiation, pluripotency and tissue regeneration in vivo. Still, the mechanisms through which b-catenin controls pluripotency of embryonic stem cells are highly debated.
We will unfold this complexity using an interdisciplinary approach. Using cutting-edge technology, we will engineer mouse ESCs (mESCs) in which b-catenin can be modulated in a number of way (amount of protein, temporal dynamics, ability to regulate other genes). Subsequently, we will perform experiments to link specific b-catenin perturbed behaviours to mESCs self-renewal and differentiation ability. Finally, we will use potent computational approaches to understand how b-catenin interacts with other genes important for pluripotency.
The project will provide a vital step of innovation and knowledge to the embryonic stem cells biology field: the results will reveal how b-catenin regulates the balance between pluripotency and differentiation, and indicate how to drive specific cell-fates in vitro.
In the future, the output of the proposed project could be extended to control b-catenin dependent self-renewal and differentiation of human ESCs and iPSCs, shortening the distances between pluripotent stem cells and their applicative targets. Also, the developed techniques could be used in other biological processes in which b-catenin is involved, including development and cancer.
Such issues were overcome thanks to the discovery of embryonic stem cells (ESCs): isolated from blastocysts, ESCs can be cultured in vitro indefinitely, and can give rise, under the appropriate conditions, to every cell type. Also, in 2006 the Nobel Prize winner Yamanaka made an astonishing discovery: somatic cells can be reprogrammed back to a stem-like state, obtaining the so-called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). ESCs and iPSCs were thought to be a great promise: many believed that their discovery would have fuelled an impressive expansion of regenerative medicine, gene therapy and personalised medicine fields in the short term, ultimately leading to the solution of many health-related problems. So far, only a part of this promise has been fulfilled, mainly because of the scarce knowledge we have about the basic biological processes that make these cells so special.
In this research, we aim at improving our understanding of the molecular processes that orchestrate pluripotency focusing on beta-catenin (b-catenin), a pivotal protein in stemness maintenance. Indeed, we and others reported a central role of b-catenin in somatic cell reprogramming, differentiation, pluripotency and tissue regeneration in vivo. Still, the mechanisms through which b-catenin controls pluripotency of embryonic stem cells are highly debated.
We will unfold this complexity using an interdisciplinary approach. Using cutting-edge technology, we will engineer mouse ESCs (mESCs) in which b-catenin can be modulated in a number of way (amount of protein, temporal dynamics, ability to regulate other genes). Subsequently, we will perform experiments to link specific b-catenin perturbed behaviours to mESCs self-renewal and differentiation ability. Finally, we will use potent computational approaches to understand how b-catenin interacts with other genes important for pluripotency.
The project will provide a vital step of innovation and knowledge to the embryonic stem cells biology field: the results will reveal how b-catenin regulates the balance between pluripotency and differentiation, and indicate how to drive specific cell-fates in vitro.
In the future, the output of the proposed project could be extended to control b-catenin dependent self-renewal and differentiation of human ESCs and iPSCs, shortening the distances between pluripotent stem cells and their applicative targets. Also, the developed techniques could be used in other biological processes in which b-catenin is involved, including development and cancer.
Technical Summary
Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells (mESCs) are pluripotent cells, which can be indefinitely expanded in vitro, and pushed into specific differentiated states by proper stimuli. Under standard culture (serum+LIF), mESC population is heterogeneous in pluripotency gene expression and propensity to self-renewal/differentiate. Conversely, serum-free medium (2i+LIF) establishes ground state pluripotency, characterised by homogeneous pluripotency genes levels.
Ground state cultures rely on Chiron, a drug that, through inhibition of the Gsk3 kinase, stabilises beta-catenin (b-catenin), the effector protein of Wnt/b-catenin pathway. Intriguingly, b-catenin is involved not only in self-renewal, but also in differentiation.
The specific role of b-catenin stabilisation in 2i+LIF is still debated.
We recent proved heterogeneity and oscillations of b-catenin in ground state cultures, despite homogeneity of pluripotent markers. These results motivate the research ideas of this proposal, aimed at assessing the role of b-catenin in ground state pluripotency.
Current ground state cultures with Chiron do not allow:
1) Distinguishing b-catenin dependent from independent effects;
2) Decoupling b-catenin levels from dynamics, due to intrinsic feedback loops;
3) Distinguishing transcriptional and post-translational functions of b-catenin.
Therefore, we will implement in mESCs deleted for endogenous b-catenin an inducible tool, enabling to generate fine-tuned perturbations of exogenous, Chiron-insensitive b-catenin. Differently from previous studies, we will generate a gradient of levels, dynamics and transcriptional activity of exogenous b-catenin, aided by mathematical modelling. We will assess the pluripotency of mESCs perturbed for b-catenin; also, we will determine how b-catenin interacts with the ground state transcriptional network, using a data-driven computational approach.
Outputs of this project will indicate how to perturb mESCs decision-making by b-catenin modulation.
Ground state cultures rely on Chiron, a drug that, through inhibition of the Gsk3 kinase, stabilises beta-catenin (b-catenin), the effector protein of Wnt/b-catenin pathway. Intriguingly, b-catenin is involved not only in self-renewal, but also in differentiation.
The specific role of b-catenin stabilisation in 2i+LIF is still debated.
We recent proved heterogeneity and oscillations of b-catenin in ground state cultures, despite homogeneity of pluripotent markers. These results motivate the research ideas of this proposal, aimed at assessing the role of b-catenin in ground state pluripotency.
Current ground state cultures with Chiron do not allow:
1) Distinguishing b-catenin dependent from independent effects;
2) Decoupling b-catenin levels from dynamics, due to intrinsic feedback loops;
3) Distinguishing transcriptional and post-translational functions of b-catenin.
Therefore, we will implement in mESCs deleted for endogenous b-catenin an inducible tool, enabling to generate fine-tuned perturbations of exogenous, Chiron-insensitive b-catenin. Differently from previous studies, we will generate a gradient of levels, dynamics and transcriptional activity of exogenous b-catenin, aided by mathematical modelling. We will assess the pluripotency of mESCs perturbed for b-catenin; also, we will determine how b-catenin interacts with the ground state transcriptional network, using a data-driven computational approach.
Outputs of this project will indicate how to perturb mESCs decision-making by b-catenin modulation.
Planned Impact
Who will benefit from this research?
In addition to contributing to the advance of the research fields close to the proposal themes, our research has the potential to have an impact on a wider group of other parties, such as:
- Medical research community
- Biomedical industry
- General public
- Research personnel involved in the project
- PI institute
How will they benefit from this research?
Medical research community
The proposed research has potential to have implications in regenerative medicine. Although our research is concerned with ground state pluripotency in mouse, ultimately project techniques and extensions could impact protocols for maintenance and robust differentiation of pluripotent human stem cells. Such advances, necessary for safe application of pluripotent cells, would in the long run have an impact on health and well-being. The pathway to reach the medical research community will be based on the project partners' expertise in regenerative medicine, as well on existing and novel links to researches in UK ad over sea.
Biomedical industry
The demand for stem cells-related products is rapidly growing. The work proposed here has the potential, on the long-term, to provide basis for refined ground state cultures and differentiation protocols, which could be appealing for companies who provide stem cells related products. If during research we will identify exploitation opportunities, we will critically consider the possibility of patentability, with the support of the Bristol University Researcher and Enterprise Development programme (RED).
General public
Stem cell research is a topic of great interest and debate for general public, given potential applications in regenerative medicine, and ethical concerns. We believe that sharing research ideas and results with general public is an honest and clear way is a fundamental part of the scientist work. Therefore, we will disseminate findings and, more generally, research ideas behind the research field of stem cells by taking part to public engagement activities organised by the University of Bristol and the institutes of the project partners.
Research personnel involved in the project
The experimental PDRA (funded by this grant) and the theoretical PhD student (already in the PI's research group) involved in the project will gain a number of cutting edge skills that will help them in their future academic or industrial careers. The PRDA and PhD student are expected to actively interact, and engage with a multidisciplinary research group. A benefit of this proposal is that the PI is experienced in working in both experimental and computational communities, and currently mentors interdisciplinary researchers. Contributing to the training of the next generation scientists, with transferable expertise in more than one discipline, will have a strong impact on UK competitiveness in science and economy. The Regenerative Medicine Laboratories and the Engineering Mathematics Department and the in Bristol, together with the Centre for Genomic Regulation in Spain, will be an excellent environment for all project participants to exchange knowledge, and connect with a network of interdisciplinary investigators.
PI institute
The Engineering Mathematics Department, in which the PI is based, is composed by scientists with a diverse background, and the common aim of tackling complexity in different fields (biology, ecology, robotic, engineering) by combined experimental and computational approaches. The Department has an excellent track record both in terms of publications, and grants awards. The research carried out in this proposal would contribute towards maintaining high standards of academic excellence of the Department, and establishing new interdepartmental connections. Academic excellence will be echoed by the ability of the University to attract talented PhD students and PDRA researches.
In addition to contributing to the advance of the research fields close to the proposal themes, our research has the potential to have an impact on a wider group of other parties, such as:
- Medical research community
- Biomedical industry
- General public
- Research personnel involved in the project
- PI institute
How will they benefit from this research?
Medical research community
The proposed research has potential to have implications in regenerative medicine. Although our research is concerned with ground state pluripotency in mouse, ultimately project techniques and extensions could impact protocols for maintenance and robust differentiation of pluripotent human stem cells. Such advances, necessary for safe application of pluripotent cells, would in the long run have an impact on health and well-being. The pathway to reach the medical research community will be based on the project partners' expertise in regenerative medicine, as well on existing and novel links to researches in UK ad over sea.
Biomedical industry
The demand for stem cells-related products is rapidly growing. The work proposed here has the potential, on the long-term, to provide basis for refined ground state cultures and differentiation protocols, which could be appealing for companies who provide stem cells related products. If during research we will identify exploitation opportunities, we will critically consider the possibility of patentability, with the support of the Bristol University Researcher and Enterprise Development programme (RED).
General public
Stem cell research is a topic of great interest and debate for general public, given potential applications in regenerative medicine, and ethical concerns. We believe that sharing research ideas and results with general public is an honest and clear way is a fundamental part of the scientist work. Therefore, we will disseminate findings and, more generally, research ideas behind the research field of stem cells by taking part to public engagement activities organised by the University of Bristol and the institutes of the project partners.
Research personnel involved in the project
The experimental PDRA (funded by this grant) and the theoretical PhD student (already in the PI's research group) involved in the project will gain a number of cutting edge skills that will help them in their future academic or industrial careers. The PRDA and PhD student are expected to actively interact, and engage with a multidisciplinary research group. A benefit of this proposal is that the PI is experienced in working in both experimental and computational communities, and currently mentors interdisciplinary researchers. Contributing to the training of the next generation scientists, with transferable expertise in more than one discipline, will have a strong impact on UK competitiveness in science and economy. The Regenerative Medicine Laboratories and the Engineering Mathematics Department and the in Bristol, together with the Centre for Genomic Regulation in Spain, will be an excellent environment for all project participants to exchange knowledge, and connect with a network of interdisciplinary investigators.
PI institute
The Engineering Mathematics Department, in which the PI is based, is composed by scientists with a diverse background, and the common aim of tackling complexity in different fields (biology, ecology, robotic, engineering) by combined experimental and computational approaches. The Department has an excellent track record both in terms of publications, and grants awards. The research carried out in this proposal would contribute towards maintaining high standards of academic excellence of the Department, and establishing new interdepartmental connections. Academic excellence will be echoed by the ability of the University to attract talented PhD students and PDRA researches.
People |
ORCID iD |
Lucia Marucci (Principal Investigator) |
Publications

Annunziata F
(2017)
An Orthogonal Multi-input Integration System to Control Gene Expression in Escherichia coli.
in ACS synthetic biology


Aulicino F
(2020)
Canonical Wnt Pathway Controls mESC Self-Renewal Through Inhibition of Spontaneous Differentiation via ß-Catenin/TCF/LEF Functions.
in Stem cell reports

De Cesare I
(2022)
Control-Based Continuation: A New Approach to Prototype Synthetic Gene Networks.
in ACS synthetic biology


De Cesare I
(2021)
ChipSeg: An Automatic Tool to Segment Bacterial and Mammalian Cells Cultured in Microfluidic Devices.
in ACS omega

Godwin S
(2017)
An extended model for culture-dependent heterogenous gene expression and proliferation dynamics in mouse embryonic stem cells.
in NPJ systems biology and applications


Gorochowski T
(2020)
Towards Engineering Biosystems with Emergent Collective Functions
Description | BrisSynBio pump priming award |
Amount | £91,657 (GBP) |
Funding ID | BB/L01386X/1 |
Organisation | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 02/2017 |
End | 06/2018 |
Description | COMBO: CONTROL-BASED BIODESIGN OF MAMMALIAN CELL DYNAMICS |
Amount | £1,478,668 (GBP) |
Funding ID | EP/S01876X/1 |
Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 09/2019 |
End | 09/2024 |
Description | Engineering for a prosperous nation |
Amount | £250,704 (GBP) |
Funding ID | EP/R041695/1 |
Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 02/2018 |
End | 05/2019 |
Description | Horizon 2020 FET-Open action "Control Engineering of Biological Systems for Reliable Synthetic Biology Applications" |
Amount | € 3,000,000 (EUR) |
Funding ID | Grant agreement ID: 766840 |
Organisation | European Commission |
Department | Horizon 2020 |
Sector | Public |
Country | European Union (EU) |
Start | 09/2017 |
End | 09/2020 |
Title | Algorithms for cell segmentation |
Description | We developed multiple algorithms for microscopy image segmentation (De Cesare et al, ACS Omega 2021; Pedone et al. ACS Synthetic Biology 2021). All code is open source |
Type Of Material | Technology assay or reagent |
Year Produced | 2021 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Automatic control of gene expression in mammalian cells, using online segmentation algorithms. |
URL | https://github.com/BiocomputeLab/cheetah |
Title | Inducible system to perturb gene expression |
Description | The proposed inducible system allows modulating independently gene expression and protein stability by the addition of two orthogonal drugs. |
Type Of Material | Model of mechanisms or symptoms - in vitro |
Year Produced | 2019 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | We used the tool to demonstrate the role of signalling pathway does in embryonic stem cell fate (DOI 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103756) |
Title | New microfluidic device |
Description | We developed a new microfluid device, that enables to continuously separates viable and non-viable T-cells according to their dielectric properties |
Type Of Material | Improvements to research infrastructure |
Year Produced | 2021 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Not know yet (recent publication) |
URL | https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/elps.202100031 |
Title | Algorithms for cell segmentation |
Description | We developed new algorithms for cell segmentation, based on the Otsu methods (De Cesare et al. ACS Omega 2021) and deep-learning (Pedone et al. ACS Synthetic Biology 2021). |
Type Of Material | Computer model/algorithm |
Year Produced | 2021 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | These algorithms enabled robust automatic feedback control of living cells. |
URL | https://www.github.com/BiocomputeLab/cheetah |
Title | Data associated to publication (Pedone et al, Nature Communications 10, 4481 (2019)) |
Description | All data generated in the publication are included. |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2019 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | The tools developed might support generating more precise and complex tools to manipulate gene expression in living cells. |
URL | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12329-9#data-availability |
Title | Full pipeline for mammalian cell control |
Description | We reported in a book chapter (Khazim et al Synthetic Gene Circuits 2021) a full protocol to perform cybergenetics experiments in mammalian cells. |
Type Of Material | Data analysis technique |
Year Produced | 2021 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Still to be assessed (recent publication) |
Title | Minimal Genome Design Algorithms using whole-cell models Rees-Garbutt and Chalkley et al 2019 |
Description | In the future, entire genomes tailored to specific functions and environments could be designed using computational tools. However, computational tools for genome design are currently scarce. Here we present algorithms that enable the use of design-simulate-test cycles for genome design, using genome minimisation as a proof-of-concept. Minimal genomes are ideal for this purpose as they have a simple functional assay whether the cell replicates or not. We used the first (and currently only published) whole-cell model for the bacterium Mycoplasma genitalium. Our computational design-simulate-test cycles discovered novel in-silico minimal genomes which, if biologically correct, predict in-vivo genomes smaller than JCVI-Syn3.0; a bacterium with, currently, the smallest genome that can be grown in pure culture. In the process, we identified 10 low essential genes and produced evidence for at least two Mycoplasma genitalium in-silico minimal genomes. This work brings combined computational and laboratory genome engineering a step closer. |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2019 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
URL | https://data.bris.ac.uk/data/dataset/1jj0fszzrx9qf2ldcz654qp454/ |
Title | Multiscale model of intestinal crypts |
Description | The model recapitulates both intra- and inter-cellular dynamics of intestinal crypts. The model is implemented in the simulation framework Chaste. |
Type Of Material | Computer model/algorithm |
Year Produced | 2020 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | The model can be used/adapted by other users to represent experimental data. |
URL | https://figshare.com/s/a27badc5b4e0cce1ac6b |
Description | Collaboration on bioinformatics analysis |
Organisation | Telethon Foundation |
Department | Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM) |
Country | Italy |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
PI Contribution | We provided samples of mouse embryonic stem cells under various Wnt/beta-catenin perturbations. |
Collaborator Contribution | RNA-sequencing analysis, manuscript writing. |
Impact | Recent joint publication (Pedone et al. iScience 2022). A multidisciplinary collaboration involving synthetic biology, RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. |
Start Year | 2019 |
Description | Collaboration on mammalian cell control |
Organisation | Telethon Foundation |
Department | Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM) |
Country | Italy |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
PI Contribution | My team has contributed to this collaboration by generating preliminary feedback control experiments in mouse embryonic stem cells, using a microfluidics device, an actuation platform and control algorithms. |
Collaborator Contribution | The partner has provided segmentation/control algorithm code, and hosted 2 RAs in my group in his lab for 10 days. |
Impact | The collaboration is multidisciplinary (e.g. involves combination of experimental work, and modelling/programming work). Results from this collaboration have been included in 3 publications (De Cesare et al, ACS Omega 2021; Postiglione et al. ACS Synthetic Biology 2018; Pedone et al. Nature Communications 2019). |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | Collaboration on organoids modelling |
Organisation | University of Sheffield |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | We are developing mathematical models of intestinal organoids. |
Collaborator Contribution | The partner is sharing expertise on the use of the agent-based simulation tool Chaste. |
Impact | Publications: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2019.12.015 |
Start Year | 2016 |
Description | Invited talk, EMBO workshop "Network inference in biology and disease" |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Workshop bringing together interdisciplinary researchers in biotechnology, bioinformatics, systems biology and synthetic biology. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
URL | https://meetings.embo.org/event/19-network-inference |
Description | Oral Presentation, 2021 Virtual International Mammalian Synthetic Biology Workshop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Research conference |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | http://mammalian-synbio.org/2021 |
Description | Oral Presentation, 7th International Conference on Stem Cell Engineering: "From Organoids to Synthetic Embryo: Tools, Technologies, and Novel Applications". Barcelona, Spain |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | International conference on stem cell new technologies. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
URL | https://www.aiche.org/sbe/conferences/international-conference-on-stem-cell-engineering/2019 |
Description | Oral Presentation, London Stem Cells Network symposium, Francis Crick Institute, 2018, London (UK) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Specialised Stem Cell Biology conference. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
URL | https://lscn.crick.ac.uk/?page_id=2 |
Description | Oral Presentation, Synthetic Biology UK (SBUK), Bristol 2018 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Most relevant Synthetic Biology conference in UK; interdisciplinary audience. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
URL | https://www.eventsforce.net/biochemsoc/frontend/reg/thome.csp?pageID=18045&eventID=43&traceRedir=2 |
Description | Oral Presentation, Synthetic Biology: Engineering, Evolution & Design (SEED), 2019, New York (US) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Interdisciplinary conference on Synthetic Biology. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
URL | http://synbioconference.org/2019 |
Description | Reverse Science Cafe "Tables Turned: Have a Say, Your Way" |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Public engagement event, aimed at asking the audience their view on current topics in Synthetic Biology. The event was co-sponsored by the Royal Institute of Philosophy. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
URL | https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/tables-turned-have-a-say-your-way-tickets-51751785985?fbclid=IwAR1Yu-... |
Description | Talk at "Multi-agent modeling meets synthetic biology" workshop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Workshop held at the University of Bristol, UK and funded by BrisSynBio, a BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre (Grant No. BB/L01386X/1). It was attended by key UK experts in agent-based modelling of biological systems; it sparked discussions about the use of multiscale frameworks in synthetic biology. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
URL | https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00705 |